T. Alinia, S. Shojaei, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, H. Barati, S. Hovsepian, S. H. Hashemi Nazari, M. Panahi
To end the new COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world’s population needs to be immune to the virus, protecting individuals from infection, and ultimately ensuring herd immunity at the population level. A variety of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed worldwide for adults and children over the age of 12 years, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing symptomatic diseases and hospitalization is being studied. One of the major obstacles to COVID-19 vaccination that has emerged along with the global immunization program is vaccine hesitation or disapproval. The world health organization (WHO) has reported vaccine hesitation as one of the 10 global health threats of 2019. This is also related to COVID-19. The present review, explore the current evidence on COVID-19 vaccination platforms and vaccination efficacy, safety, and adverse effects among strategic sub-populations, including elderly people, people with chronic disease (diabetes, cancer), pregnant and lactating women, children, youth, and vaccination willingness or hesitancy among the target population.
{"title":"Safety, Acceptance, and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccines Among High-risk Sub-populations: A Narrative Review","authors":"T. Alinia, S. Shojaei, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, H. Barati, S. Hovsepian, S. H. Hashemi Nazari, M. Panahi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.512.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.512.3","url":null,"abstract":"To end the new COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world’s population needs to be immune to the virus, protecting individuals from infection, and ultimately ensuring herd immunity at the population level. A variety of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed worldwide for adults and children over the age of 12 years, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing symptomatic diseases and hospitalization is being studied. One of the major obstacles to COVID-19 vaccination that has emerged along with the global immunization program is vaccine hesitation or disapproval. The world health organization (WHO) has reported vaccine hesitation as one of the 10 global health threats of 2019. This is also related to COVID-19. The present review, explore the current evidence on COVID-19 vaccination platforms and vaccination efficacy, safety, and adverse effects among strategic sub-populations, including elderly people, people with chronic disease (diabetes, cancer), pregnant and lactating women, children, youth, and vaccination willingness or hesitancy among the target population.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1065.1
Background: More than half of reproductive-age women experience dysmenorrhea, which can reduce their quality of life. The treatment options for dysmenorrhea are medications and alternative therapies. The tendency to use alternative therapies, such as hypnotherapy has increased. Objectives: This study aimed to carry out a narrative review to evaluate the effect of hypnosis on dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Methods: EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library ProQuest and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 2021 using the following keywords “dysmenorrhea”, “hypnosis”. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane collaboration’s tool and the risk of bias in the non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: Nine studies with a sample size of 5203 participants were included. The hypnosis intervention similar to drug therapy was effective in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea and improving the women’s quality of life. Dysmenorrhea pain scores in hypnosis and drug therapy groups were significantly lower than those at baseline, but pain scores in the drug therapy group were significantly lower than in the hypnosis group. Conclusions: Hypnosis can provide lasting pain relief compared to NSAIDs. Therefore, it is recommended that hypnosis as a complementary or alternative therapy reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.
背景:超过一半的育龄妇女经历痛经，这会降低她们的生活质量。痛经的治疗选择是药物治疗和替代疗法。使用替代疗法(如催眠疗法)的趋势有所增加。目的:本研究旨在对催眠治疗青少年痛经的效果进行叙述性回顾。方法:采用关键词“痛经”、“催眠”，检索EMBASE、Web of Science、Scopus、谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Cochrane library ProQuest和clinicaltrials.gov，检索时间截止至2021年。研究质量通过Cochrane协作工具和非随机干预研究的偏倚风险(ROBINS-I)工具进行评估。结果:纳入9项研究，5203名参与者。催眠干预与药物治疗相似，能有效减轻痛经强度，提高妇女生活质量。催眠组和药物治疗组痛经疼痛评分均显著低于基线，但药物治疗组痛经疼痛评分显著低于催眠组。结论:与非甾体抗炎药相比，催眠能持久缓解疼痛。因此，建议将催眠作为一种补充或替代疗法来减轻青少年痛经的强度。
{"title":"Effect of Hypnosis in Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1065.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1065.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: More than half of reproductive-age women experience dysmenorrhea, which can reduce their quality of life. The treatment options for dysmenorrhea are medications and alternative therapies. The tendency to use alternative therapies, such as hypnotherapy has increased. Objectives: This study aimed to carry out a narrative review to evaluate the effect of hypnosis on dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Methods: EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library ProQuest and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 2021 using the following keywords “dysmenorrhea”, “hypnosis”. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane collaboration’s tool and the risk of bias in the non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: Nine studies with a sample size of 5203 participants were included. The hypnosis intervention similar to drug therapy was effective in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea and improving the women’s quality of life. Dysmenorrhea pain scores in hypnosis and drug therapy groups were significantly lower than those at baseline, but pain scores in the drug therapy group were significantly lower than in the hypnosis group. Conclusions: Hypnosis can provide lasting pain relief compared to NSAIDs. Therefore, it is recommended that hypnosis as a complementary or alternative therapy reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47919854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1073.1
D. Zamanfar, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mohammad Zahedi
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the chronic diseases that timely and correct management affects the outcome of these patients. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection that has created a disproportionate situation for individuals and healthcare systems. The resulting pandemic is associated with delayed presentation of patients as well as increased frequency and severity of acute complications. Objectives This review study aims to investigate the incidence, initial presentation, frequency, and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as well as changes in demographic findings, such as age and sex in newly diagnosed T1DM children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The search was conducted in different databases, using the keywords: T1DM, COVID-19, pediatrics, and incidence to find the related articles published in English from December 31, 2019, to March 3, 2022. Results There is no clear evidence for increase in the incidence of T1DM and the frequency and severity of DKA in female and younger people during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the role of pandemic on disease incidence and acute complications. Conclusions: To reduce the incidence of DKA and speed up the diagnosis of T1DM during the pandemic, people should be informed about their symptoms.
{"title":"Variation of Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Cases During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review","authors":"D. Zamanfar, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mohammad Zahedi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1073.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1073.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the chronic diseases that timely and correct management affects the outcome of these patients. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection that has created a disproportionate situation for individuals and healthcare systems. The resulting pandemic is associated with delayed presentation of patients as well as increased frequency and severity of acute complications. Objectives This review study aims to investigate the incidence, initial presentation, frequency, and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as well as changes in demographic findings, such as age and sex in newly diagnosed T1DM children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The search was conducted in different databases, using the keywords: T1DM, COVID-19, pediatrics, and incidence to find the related articles published in English from December 31, 2019, to March 3, 2022. Results There is no clear evidence for increase in the incidence of T1DM and the frequency and severity of DKA in female and younger people during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the role of pandemic on disease incidence and acute complications. Conclusions: To reduce the incidence of DKA and speed up the diagnosis of T1DM during the pandemic, people should be informed about their symptoms.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bronchiolitis is common in children under 2 years of age and is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and children. Children with bronchiolitis are generally well-appearing and active despite being tachypneic or hypoxic. Objectives: This study aims to identify the predictors of hypoxia in children with bronchiolitis, as well as to find the average duration of oxygen requirement and hospitalization in children with hypoxia. Methods: A total of 65 children between the age group of 1 month to 2 years with bronchiolitis were included in the study. Data were collected retrospectively from case records and prospective cases were consecutively enrolled. Oxygen saturation was monitored in all hospitalized children. An oxygen saturation (SpO2)<92% was considered hypoxia. The relationship between presenting clinical features and subsequent development of hypoxia was assessed using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: The presenting features of bronchiolitis in our study were cough, fever, tachypnea, increased work of breathing, and wheezing. Cough was the most common symptom and fever was the least common symptom. A total of 59.3% of children with a cough had hypoxia. Of the 23 children who had a fever, 52.1% of them had hypoxia. Among 51 children with tachypnea, 68.6% had hypoxia (P=0.001). Among 57 children whose respiratory work was increased, 68% of children had hypoxia (P=0.000); 71.8% of children with wheezing had hypoxia (P=0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows that in children with bronchiolitis, the presence of tachypnea, increased work of breathing and wheezing increases the risk of developing hypoxia. Identifying these predictors of hypoxia can help as a guide for deciding on the need for hospitalization in children with bronchiolitis.
{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Predictors of Hypoxemia in Children With Bronchiolitis: A Bidirectional Cohort Study","authors":"Indumathi Dhayalan, Sruthi Mangalath, Jaishree Vasudevan","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1067.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1067.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchiolitis is common in children under 2 years of age and is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and children. Children with bronchiolitis are generally well-appearing and active despite being tachypneic or hypoxic. Objectives: This study aims to identify the predictors of hypoxia in children with bronchiolitis, as well as to find the average duration of oxygen requirement and hospitalization in children with hypoxia. Methods: A total of 65 children between the age group of 1 month to 2 years with bronchiolitis were included in the study. Data were collected retrospectively from case records and prospective cases were consecutively enrolled. Oxygen saturation was monitored in all hospitalized children. An oxygen saturation (SpO2)<92% was considered hypoxia. The relationship between presenting clinical features and subsequent development of hypoxia was assessed using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: The presenting features of bronchiolitis in our study were cough, fever, tachypnea, increased work of breathing, and wheezing. Cough was the most common symptom and fever was the least common symptom. A total of 59.3% of children with a cough had hypoxia. Of the 23 children who had a fever, 52.1% of them had hypoxia. Among 51 children with tachypnea, 68.6% had hypoxia (P=0.001). Among 57 children whose respiratory work was increased, 68% of children had hypoxia (P=0.000); 71.8% of children with wheezing had hypoxia (P=0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows that in children with bronchiolitis, the presence of tachypnea, increased work of breathing and wheezing increases the risk of developing hypoxia. Identifying these predictors of hypoxia can help as a guide for deciding on the need for hospitalization in children with bronchiolitis.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1033.1
Mohanna Arab-Larimi, M. Bagheri-Nesami, M. Fakhri, M. Moosazadeh
Background: Distraction is a technique that has had positive effects on reducing children’s pain in painful interventions, such as venipuncture, and replacing the burn dressing. Based on the available data, very few articles exist about the application of this technique when suturing children. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of distraction by watching cartoons on the level of pain during preparation before suturing children in the emergency ward. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. The research population included all children aged 3-12 years who were referred to the emergency ward of Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari City, Iran. Forty-three subjects were selected from each group. In the intervention group, playing cartoons on the tablet was initiated from the time of placing the child on the bed for suturing, and continued until the end of the anesthetic injection, and this time was recorded. In the control group, the suturing was performed conventionally. The behavioral reactions of both groups were measured twice based on the pain behavioral reactions scale. The first time was when the child was placed on the bed and before cleaning for the anesthetic agent, while the second time was observed and recorded by the researcher immediately after injecting the anesthetic agent. Results: The comparison of mean pain before injecting the anesthetic agent (after playing the cartoon) showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups based on Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). The comparison of mean pain immediately after termination of anesthetic injection also showed a significant difference in both the intervention and control groups based on the Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). Based on the results of the present research, the pain in the intervention group was less before the anesthetic injection and less in the control group immediately after the injection. Conclusions: The results suggested that distraction from watching cartoons has a positive effect on reducing the pain of preparation before suturing children. Therefore, this technique can be used in emergency departments.
背景:在诸如静脉穿刺和更换烧伤敷料等疼痛干预中，分散注意力是一种对减少儿童疼痛有积极作用的技术。根据现有资料，很少有文章报道该技术在儿童缝合时的应用。目的:本研究旨在确定通过观看卡通分散注意力对急诊室儿童缝合前准备阶段疼痛水平的影响。方法:采用随机对照试验。研究人群包括转诊至伊朗萨里市Bu Ali Sina医院急诊病房的所有3-12岁儿童。从每组中选取43名受试者。干预组从患儿躺在床上缝合时开始在平板上播放卡通，一直持续到麻醉注射结束，并记录这段时间。对照组采用常规缝合。根据疼痛行为反应量表对两组患者的行为反应进行两次测量。第一次是在儿童躺在床上和清洗麻醉药之前，第二次是在注射麻醉药后立即由研究人员观察和记录。结果:经Mann-Whitney检验，注射麻醉药前(播放动画片后)的平均疼痛与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义(P=0.0001)。根据Mann-Whitney检验，干预组和对照组终止麻醉注射后即刻平均疼痛的比较也有显著差异(P=0.0001)。根据本研究结果，干预组在麻醉注射前疼痛较少，对照组在麻醉注射后立即疼痛较少。结论:研究结果表明，分散观看动画片的注意力对减少儿童缝合前准备的疼痛有积极的作用。因此，该技术可用于急诊科。
{"title":"The Effect of Distraction With Watching Cartoons on the Level of Pain at Preparation Before Suturing Children in the Emergency Ward","authors":"Mohanna Arab-Larimi, M. Bagheri-Nesami, M. Fakhri, M. Moosazadeh","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1033.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1033.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Distraction is a technique that has had positive effects on reducing children’s pain in painful interventions, such as venipuncture, and replacing the burn dressing. Based on the available data, very few articles exist about the application of this technique when suturing children. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of distraction by watching cartoons on the level of pain during preparation before suturing children in the emergency ward. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. The research population included all children aged 3-12 years who were referred to the emergency ward of Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari City, Iran. Forty-three subjects were selected from each group. In the intervention group, playing cartoons on the tablet was initiated from the time of placing the child on the bed for suturing, and continued until the end of the anesthetic injection, and this time was recorded. In the control group, the suturing was performed conventionally. The behavioral reactions of both groups were measured twice based on the pain behavioral reactions scale. The first time was when the child was placed on the bed and before cleaning for the anesthetic agent, while the second time was observed and recorded by the researcher immediately after injecting the anesthetic agent. Results: The comparison of mean pain before injecting the anesthetic agent (after playing the cartoon) showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups based on Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). The comparison of mean pain immediately after termination of anesthetic injection also showed a significant difference in both the intervention and control groups based on the Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). Based on the results of the present research, the pain in the intervention group was less before the anesthetic injection and less in the control group immediately after the injection. Conclusions: The results suggested that distraction from watching cartoons has a positive effect on reducing the pain of preparation before suturing children. Therefore, this technique can be used in emergency departments.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1047.2
R. Farhadi, M. Fakhri, M. Moosazadeh, Melina Ramezanpour, M. Yousofpour
Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic abnormality affecting newborns and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Iranian and international databases, including SID, MagIran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar search engine searched for relevant articles using valid keywords. The search process was updated until September 28, 2021. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 software, and the significance level for all tests was considered P<0.05. Results: In 14 reviewed articles with a sample size of 18217, the prevalence of hypoglycemia in Iranian newborns was 29% [95%CI: 21%, 37%, P=0.0001] (64% in boys and 37% in girls). The hypoglycemia prevalence was 67% in infants born via cesarean section compared to 24% in vaginally delivered infants. The lowest and highest prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was observed in Mashhad (12%) and Arak (53%), respectively. The most common risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran were infant prematurity (61%), septicemia (45%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (26%), small for gestational age (SGA) (26%), maternal diabetes (21%), hypocalcemia (19%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (9%) and perinatal asphyxia (8%). Conclusions: Neonatal hypoglycemia is very common in Iran, affecting nearly one-third of Iranian newborns. The prevalence of hypoglycemia in boys was almost twice as high as that in girls and 2.5 times higher in infants born by cesarean section than in infants delivered vaginally. Furthermore, prematurity was reportedly the most common risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"R. Farhadi, M. Fakhri, M. Moosazadeh, Melina Ramezanpour, M. Yousofpour","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1047.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1047.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic abnormality affecting newborns and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Iranian and international databases, including SID, MagIran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar search engine searched for relevant articles using valid keywords. The search process was updated until September 28, 2021. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 software, and the significance level for all tests was considered P<0.05. Results: In 14 reviewed articles with a sample size of 18217, the prevalence of hypoglycemia in Iranian newborns was 29% [95%CI: 21%, 37%, P=0.0001] (64% in boys and 37% in girls). The hypoglycemia prevalence was 67% in infants born via cesarean section compared to 24% in vaginally delivered infants. The lowest and highest prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was observed in Mashhad (12%) and Arak (53%), respectively. The most common risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran were infant prematurity (61%), septicemia (45%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (26%), small for gestational age (SGA) (26%), maternal diabetes (21%), hypocalcemia (19%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (9%) and perinatal asphyxia (8%). Conclusions: Neonatal hypoglycemia is very common in Iran, affecting nearly one-third of Iranian newborns. The prevalence of hypoglycemia in boys was almost twice as high as that in girls and 2.5 times higher in infants born by cesarean section than in infants delivered vaginally. Furthermore, prematurity was reportedly the most common risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia in Iran.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48823625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1066.1
V. Toopchizadeh, M. Barzegar, Negar Taleschian-Tabrizi, Fariba Pashazadeh, Nasim Rashedi
Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy and a common cause of acute ascending weakness in children. Objectives: This study aims to report long-term disability and poor outcome predictors of GBS in children. Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus database was searched for relevant studies until April 2022, with a designated search strategy, using MeSH terms and free keywords. Methods: Studies evaluating functional outcomes of GBS in children with at least one year of follow-up were included. All studies achieved acceptable quality for inclusion. After selecting studies based on inclusion criteria, data were extracted based on a modified standardized Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data extraction tool, and the methodological quality of studies were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review consisting of 1141 patients (647 males, 466 females, and 28 unclassified). Follow-up duration varied from one year to 11 years. The prevalence of the GBS subtype was as follows, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (AIDP) 46.6%, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) 30.2%, acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) 6.8% and Miller fisher 6.1%. The most commonly reported poor outcome after at least one year of follow-up was walking disabilities and gait disorders. Motor deficits and weakness, sensory complaints, including pain or paresthesia and fatigue were other prevalent residual symptoms. Axonal form of GBS was the most reported poor outcome predictor, followed by Hughes disability score >3, a delay in independent walking, artificial ventilation, and rapid progression of symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the good prognosis of GBS in children, they could suffer long-term sequels, especially in walking abilities and gait. The axonal form is considered a crucial poor predictive factor.
背景:格林-巴利综合征(GBS)是一种免疫介导的多神经病变，是儿童急性上升无力的常见原因。目的:本研究旨在报道儿童GBS的长期残疾和不良预后预测因素。截止到2022年4月，按照指定的搜索策略，使用MeSH术语和免费关键词，对Medline(通过Pubmed)、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Scopus数据库进行相关研究检索。方法:评估GBS儿童功能结局的研究至少随访一年。所有的研究都达到了可接受的质量。根据纳入标准选择研究后，使用改进的标准化乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)数据提取工具提取数据，并使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)关键评价工具对研究的方法学质量进行审查。结果:本系统综述纳入了14项研究，包括1141例患者(男性647例，女性466例，未分类28例)。随访时间从1年到11年不等。GBS亚型的患病率依次为:急性炎性脱髓鞘性多神经病变(AIDP) 46.6%，急性运动轴索神经病变(AMAN) 30.2%，急性运动和感觉轴索神经病变(AMSAN) 6.8%， Miller fisher 6.1%。在至少一年的随访后，最常见的不良结果是行走障碍和步态障碍。运动缺陷和虚弱，感觉主诉，包括疼痛或感觉异常和疲劳是其他常见的残留症状。轴突形式的GBS是报道最多的不良预后预测因子，其次是休斯残疾评分bb0.3，独立行走延迟，人工通气和症状快速进展。结论:尽管儿童GBS预后良好，但可能存在长期后遗症，尤其是行走能力和步态。轴突形式被认为是一个关键的、较差的预测因素。
{"title":"Long-term Disability and Poor Outcome Predictors of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Children: A Systematic Review","authors":"V. Toopchizadeh, M. Barzegar, Negar Taleschian-Tabrizi, Fariba Pashazadeh, Nasim Rashedi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1066.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1066.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy and a common cause of acute ascending weakness in children. Objectives: This study aims to report long-term disability and poor outcome predictors of GBS in children. Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus database was searched for relevant studies until April 2022, with a designated search strategy, using MeSH terms and free keywords. Methods: Studies evaluating functional outcomes of GBS in children with at least one year of follow-up were included. All studies achieved acceptable quality for inclusion. After selecting studies based on inclusion criteria, data were extracted based on a modified standardized Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data extraction tool, and the methodological quality of studies were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review consisting of 1141 patients (647 males, 466 females, and 28 unclassified). Follow-up duration varied from one year to 11 years. The prevalence of the GBS subtype was as follows, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (AIDP) 46.6%, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) 30.2%, acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) 6.8% and Miller fisher 6.1%. The most commonly reported poor outcome after at least one year of follow-up was walking disabilities and gait disorders. Motor deficits and weakness, sensory complaints, including pain or paresthesia and fatigue were other prevalent residual symptoms. Axonal form of GBS was the most reported poor outcome predictor, followed by Hughes disability score >3, a delay in independent walking, artificial ventilation, and rapid progression of symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the good prognosis of GBS in children, they could suffer long-term sequels, especially in walking abilities and gait. The axonal form is considered a crucial poor predictive factor.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behzad Alijanzadeh Maliji, Ali Babayeemehr, S. Mehrabani, Faeze Aghajanpour
Background: The world health organization (WHO), as the international authority on public health and water quality, directs and monitors global efforts to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases and advises governments on the development of health-based goals and regulations. Objectives: This review study aims to investigate the management methods, including control, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children in the Middle East caused by contaminated water through WHO. Methods: For this purpose, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, SID, Irandoc, and up-to-date databases were searched without time limitation. Keywords included contaminated water, pediatric, GI diseases, and WHO. In this study, the full text of various articles in Persian and English was used. After removing duplicate articles and articles that did not fit the topic of the study, 54 articles were finally selected. Results: Based on the findings, the world health organization has reported that diarrhea, polio, hepatitis A, and cholera are the most common GI infectious diseases caused by contaminated water in children in the Middle East. The present reports of waterborne disease represent only a small proportion of the total number of cases of this disease in the population. In some areas, it has been shown that investments in water and wastewater supply by responsible institutions can provide a net economic gain by reducing negative health impacts and healthcare costs. Results The results of this study indicate that most of the diseases caused by contaminated water affect children, due to low ability to observe personal hygiene and the state of the child’s immune system, which often leads to the death of children. Conclusions: The lack of diagnosis and insufficient prevalence of these diseases in some Middle Eastern countries, followed by the lack of attention to the prevention and control of waterborne diseases, threatens the health policies of these countries. International organizations, especially the world health organization and the united nations children’s fund, play a vital role in addressing and controlling this problem.
{"title":"Role of the World Health Organization in Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused by Contaminated Water in Children in the Middle East: A Review Article","authors":"Behzad Alijanzadeh Maliji, Ali Babayeemehr, S. Mehrabani, Faeze Aghajanpour","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.285.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.285.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world health organization (WHO), as the international authority on public health and water quality, directs and monitors global efforts to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases and advises governments on the development of health-based goals and regulations. Objectives: This review study aims to investigate the management methods, including control, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children in the Middle East caused by contaminated water through WHO. Methods: For this purpose, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, SID, Irandoc, and up-to-date databases were searched without time limitation. Keywords included contaminated water, pediatric, GI diseases, and WHO. In this study, the full text of various articles in Persian and English was used. After removing duplicate articles and articles that did not fit the topic of the study, 54 articles were finally selected. Results: Based on the findings, the world health organization has reported that diarrhea, polio, hepatitis A, and cholera are the most common GI infectious diseases caused by contaminated water in children in the Middle East. The present reports of waterborne disease represent only a small proportion of the total number of cases of this disease in the population. In some areas, it has been shown that investments in water and wastewater supply by responsible institutions can provide a net economic gain by reducing negative health impacts and healthcare costs. Results The results of this study indicate that most of the diseases caused by contaminated water affect children, due to low ability to observe personal hygiene and the state of the child’s immune system, which often leads to the death of children. Conclusions: The lack of diagnosis and insufficient prevalence of these diseases in some Middle Eastern countries, followed by the lack of attention to the prevention and control of waterborne diseases, threatens the health policies of these countries. International organizations, especially the world health organization and the united nations children’s fund, play a vital role in addressing and controlling this problem.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the multifactorial, acute, and progressive types of tooth decay. Some salivary biomarkers are associated with this disease. Objectives: The data we used in our review were searched from articles published between 1950 to 2021 and using early childhood caries (ECC), children, saliva, salivary biomarkers, salivary characteristics, salivary minerals, cytokines, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) as keywords, collected from official web pages (Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Google scholar) and documents published from different international institutions. Methods: The search was limited to articles published in the English language. After the abstract screening, the full text of 194 relevant studies was reviewed. Finally, 101 relevant studies were selected. Results: Cytokines with the potential to affect ECC include interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD)14-cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), CD63 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The minerals associated with the ECC are calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO43-), fluoride (F), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). Conclusions: Some characteristics of saliva that seem to concern ECC include salivary pH, salivary total protein, salivary total lipid, salivary buffering capacity, and saliva flow rate. Other vital factors observed to have significant effects on the ECC process involve total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO).
{"title":"Cytokines, Minerals, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Nitric Oxide, and Salivary Characteristics as Biomarkers Associated With Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Review","authors":"Negareh Salehabadi, Aaryousha Moallem Savasari, Azam Nahvi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.870.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.870.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the multifactorial, acute, and progressive types of tooth decay. Some salivary biomarkers are associated with this disease. Objectives: The data we used in our review were searched from articles published between 1950 to 2021 and using early childhood caries (ECC), children, saliva, salivary biomarkers, salivary characteristics, salivary minerals, cytokines, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) as keywords, collected from official web pages (Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Google scholar) and documents published from different international institutions. Methods: The search was limited to articles published in the English language. After the abstract screening, the full text of 194 relevant studies was reviewed. Finally, 101 relevant studies were selected. Results: Cytokines with the potential to affect ECC include interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD)14-cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), CD63 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The minerals associated with the ECC are calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO43-), fluoride (F), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). Conclusions: Some characteristics of saliva that seem to concern ECC include salivary pH, salivary total protein, salivary total lipid, salivary buffering capacity, and saliva flow rate. Other vital factors observed to have significant effects on the ECC process involve total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO).","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45091616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.1.1088.1
Zahra Nafei, Golnaz Samadzadeh, M. Ordooei, Marzie Vaghefi
Background: With the global spread of COVID-19, many families have experienced the physical or psychological effects of the disease, which has had a profound impact on children. Objectives: Given that most studies have assessed the effects of COVID-19 on physical health, this study reviews the psychological and psychosomatic aspects of the disease and possible solutions to improve the condition of children and adolescents regardless of physical problems and complications of COVID-19. Methods: The data employed in our narrative review were searched for English documents published between 2019 and 2022 in EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keywords included Mental health, Grief, Anxiety, depression, Children, and COVID-19. After screening the abstracts, the full text of 70 related studies was reviewed, and finally, 52 relevant surveys were selected. Results: Among the most important issues are the irreparable effects of losing a parent or the death of a loved one due to this disease (loss and grief) and a wide range of other disorders, such as feelings of fear, anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the destructive effects of prolonged school closures and turning to social media without parental supervision and adequate infrastructure for children cannot be ignored. Conclusions: Children’s reactions to stress are different, such as overdependence, anxiety, withdrawal, anger, bedwetting, etc. Long-term quarantine and its consequences have increased anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, and nutritional problems in children and adolescents. Therefore, children need a safe and supportive environment, guidance, and help to express their fear and sadness.
背景:随着COVID-19在全球的传播，许多家庭都经历了这种疾病的身体或心理影响，这对儿童产生了深远的影响。鉴于大多数研究都评估了COVID-19对身体健康的影响，本研究综述了该疾病的心理和心身方面，以及在不考虑COVID-19的身体问题和并发症的情况下改善儿童和青少年状况的可能解决方案。方法:在EMBASE、Web of Science、Scopus、谷歌Scholar和PubMed数据库中检索2019 - 2022年间发表的英文文献。关键词:心理健康、悲伤、焦虑、抑郁、儿童和COVID-19。在对摘要进行筛选后，对70篇相关研究的全文进行综述，最终筛选出52篇相关调查。结果:其中最重要的问题是由于这种疾病而失去父母或亲人死亡的不可挽回的影响(失去和悲伤)以及广泛的其他疾病，如恐惧感、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠问题和创伤后应激障碍。然而，长期的学校关闭和在没有父母监督和适当的儿童基础设施的情况下转向社交媒体的破坏性影响不容忽视。结论:儿童对压力的反应存在差异，表现为过度依赖、焦虑、退缩、愤怒、尿床等。长期隔离及其后果增加了儿童和青少年的焦虑和抑郁、睡眠障碍和营养问题。因此，孩子们需要一个安全和支持性的环境，引导和帮助来表达他们的恐惧和悲伤。
{"title":"Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"Zahra Nafei, Golnaz Samadzadeh, M. Ordooei, Marzie Vaghefi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.1.1088.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.1.1088.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the global spread of COVID-19, many families have experienced the physical or psychological effects of the disease, which has had a profound impact on children. Objectives: Given that most studies have assessed the effects of COVID-19 on physical health, this study reviews the psychological and psychosomatic aspects of the disease and possible solutions to improve the condition of children and adolescents regardless of physical problems and complications of COVID-19. Methods: The data employed in our narrative review were searched for English documents published between 2019 and 2022 in EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keywords included Mental health, Grief, Anxiety, depression, Children, and COVID-19. After screening the abstracts, the full text of 70 related studies was reviewed, and finally, 52 relevant surveys were selected. Results: Among the most important issues are the irreparable effects of losing a parent or the death of a loved one due to this disease (loss and grief) and a wide range of other disorders, such as feelings of fear, anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the destructive effects of prolonged school closures and turning to social media without parental supervision and adequate infrastructure for children cannot be ignored. Conclusions: Children’s reactions to stress are different, such as overdependence, anxiety, withdrawal, anger, bedwetting, etc. Long-term quarantine and its consequences have increased anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, and nutritional problems in children and adolescents. Therefore, children need a safe and supportive environment, guidance, and help to express their fear and sadness.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47870166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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