Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity has been on an increasing trend in the world during the past decades, with studies in Iran showing different and inconsistent prevalence rates. Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of obesity in children through a meta-analysis approach. Methods: This study was done to determine the prevalence of obesity in children through a meta-analysis approach from January 2000 to January 2021. Articles related to the subject were obtained by searching Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using the I2 index and the data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Results: In a study on 2,637,912 individuals aged 2-15 years, the overall prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was 11.4% (95% CI: 9.4-13.7%) based on a meta-analysis. Also, in order to investigate the effects of potential factors (sample size and year of study) on the heterogeneity of obesity prevalence in Iranian children, meta-regression was used. It was reported that the prevalence of obesity in Iranian children decreased and increased with increasing sample size and increasing years of the study, respectively, and both were significantly different from each other (P<0.05). Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of obesity in Iranian children, it is necessary for health policymakers to take effective educational measures.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Obesity in Iranian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"H. Akbari, M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.875.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.875.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity has been on an increasing trend in the world during the past decades, with studies in Iran showing different and inconsistent prevalence rates. Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of obesity in children through a meta-analysis approach. Methods: This study was done to determine the prevalence of obesity in children through a meta-analysis approach from January 2000 to January 2021. Articles related to the subject were obtained by searching Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using the I2 index and the data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Results: In a study on 2,637,912 individuals aged 2-15 years, the overall prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was 11.4% (95% CI: 9.4-13.7%) based on a meta-analysis. Also, in order to investigate the effects of potential factors (sample size and year of study) on the heterogeneity of obesity prevalence in Iranian children, meta-regression was used. It was reported that the prevalence of obesity in Iranian children decreased and increased with increasing sample size and increasing years of the study, respectively, and both were significantly different from each other (P<0.05). Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of obesity in Iranian children, it is necessary for health policymakers to take effective educational measures.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setila Dalili, D. Zamanfar, A. Hassanzadeh Rad, Saber Najafi Chakoosari
Background: Thyroid disorder is one of the main endocrine problems in childhood. In children with thyroid disorders, goiter is common. Objectives: In this mini-review, the authors aimed to present total insights on goiter in children. Methods: This is a mini-review about total insights on goiter in children. This review included articles assessing goiter in children. Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were investigated to find appropriate articles regarding goiter in children from 1988 to 2021. The keywords were thyroid, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodule. The authors included all study types assessing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of goiter in childhood. Results: Through taking the medical history and performing a physical examination, clinicians can differentiate types of goiter, including diffuse or nodular toxic or non-toxic, which can present themselves in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid states. When taking a medical history, clinicians have to ask patients about their food intake, place of residence, and nutrient deficiencies to abstain from goitrogens. Diverse treatment methods are required for goiter in euthyroidism, hypophyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. In patients with euthyroidism, whenever there is iodine deficiency, a history of irradiation to the neck, or Hashimoto’s disease, suppressive therapy is needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine. Besides, in hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine. Conclusions: In hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Based on the importance of managing goiter in children, clinicians have to consider food intake, vitamin deficiency, and iodine status in these patients.
背景：甲状腺疾病是儿童主要的内分泌问题之一。在患有甲状腺疾病的儿童中，甲状腺肿很常见。目的：在这篇小型综述中，作者旨在提供对儿童甲状腺肿的全面见解。方法：这是一篇关于儿童甲状腺肿的总体见解的小型综述。这篇综述包括评估儿童甲状腺肿的文章。对Web of Science、PubMed和Google Scholar进行了调查，以寻找关于1988年至2021年儿童甲状腺肿的适当文章。关键词为甲状腺、甲状腺肿、甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺结节。作者纳入了评估儿童甲状腺肿的病理生理学、评估和治疗的所有研究类型。结果：通过病史和体检，临床医生可以区分甲状腺肿的类型，包括弥漫性或结节性毒性或无毒性，这些类型可以表现为甲状腺功能正常、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进。在记录病史时，临床医生必须询问患者的食物摄入量、居住地和营养缺乏情况，以避免甲状腺肿。甲状腺功能亢进、垂体功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进需要多种治疗方法。对于甲状腺功能亢进症患者，无论何时出现碘缺乏、颈部有放疗史或桥本氏病，都需要进行抑制性治疗。临床和亚临床甲状腺功能减退症都需要左旋甲状腺素。此外，甲状腺功能亢进症需要抗甲状腺药物、碘治疗或手术治疗。临床和亚临床甲状腺功能减退症都需要左旋甲状腺素。结论：甲状腺功能亢进症需要抗甲状腺药物、碘治疗或手术治疗。基于管理儿童甲状腺肿的重要性，临床医生必须考虑这些患者的食物摄入、维生素缺乏和碘状况。
{"title":"Total Insights on Goiter in Children: A Mini-review","authors":"Setila Dalili, D. Zamanfar, A. Hassanzadeh Rad, Saber Najafi Chakoosari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.967.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.967.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid disorder is one of the main endocrine problems in childhood. In children with thyroid disorders, goiter is common. Objectives: In this mini-review, the authors aimed to present total insights on goiter in children. Methods: This is a mini-review about total insights on goiter in children. This review included articles assessing goiter in children. Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were investigated to find appropriate articles regarding goiter in children from 1988 to 2021. The keywords were thyroid, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodule. The authors included all study types assessing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of goiter in childhood. Results: Through taking the medical history and performing a physical examination, clinicians can differentiate types of goiter, including diffuse or nodular toxic or non-toxic, which can present themselves in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid states. When taking a medical history, clinicians have to ask patients about their food intake, place of residence, and nutrient deficiencies to abstain from goitrogens. Diverse treatment methods are required for goiter in euthyroidism, hypophyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. In patients with euthyroidism, whenever there is iodine deficiency, a history of irradiation to the neck, or Hashimoto’s disease, suppressive therapy is needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine. Besides, in hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine. Conclusions: In hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Based on the importance of managing goiter in children, clinicians have to consider food intake, vitamin deficiency, and iodine status in these patients.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Antimonial compounds are the most common choice for the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniosis (CL). Antimonial toxicities are common and cardiac toxicity is one of them, which leads to the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. In this study, ECG changes in a patient with CL, who received systemic glucantime, were evaluated. Objectives: A 7-year-old girl was admitted to Amir-Kabir Hospital with the complaint of skin lesions (CL) on her left leg from ten months ago. The patient had received glucantime (10-20mg/kg/day) as a treatment for two 15-day periods and unfortunately, she had not responded to the treatment. Due to the cardiac side effects of glucantime, cardiology consultation was requested and an ECG was performed for the patients during the administration of treatment for the third time. Several ECG changes were detected, including first-degree block, right bundle branch block (RBBB), and QTc prolongation. The cardiologist stopped the treatment with glucantime to improve the ECG changes, and an ECG was taken every week. Even though prolonged QT interval and RBBB improved after a month, the first-degree block was present for ten months. Conclusions: ECG monitoring is necessary prior to and during the treatment with this drug. Moreover, RBBB has not been commonly reported in other studies. Thus, it should be considered as one of the cardiac side effects of glucantime and needs more attention.
{"title":"Electrocardiography Adverse Effects Systemic Glucantime in a Child With Cutaneous Leishmaniosis: A Case Report and Brief Review","authors":"Y. Ghandi, S. Mehrabi, M. Safaei","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.913.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.913.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimonial compounds are the most common choice for the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniosis (CL). Antimonial toxicities are common and cardiac toxicity is one of them, which leads to the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. In this study, ECG changes in a patient with CL, who received systemic glucantime, were evaluated. Objectives: A 7-year-old girl was admitted to Amir-Kabir Hospital with the complaint of skin lesions (CL) on her left leg from ten months ago. The patient had received glucantime (10-20mg/kg/day) as a treatment for two 15-day periods and unfortunately, she had not responded to the treatment. Due to the cardiac side effects of glucantime, cardiology consultation was requested and an ECG was performed for the patients during the administration of treatment for the third time. Several ECG changes were detected, including first-degree block, right bundle branch block (RBBB), and QTc prolongation. The cardiologist stopped the treatment with glucantime to improve the ECG changes, and an ECG was taken every week. Even though prolonged QT interval and RBBB improved after a month, the first-degree block was present for ten months. Conclusions: ECG monitoring is necessary prior to and during the treatment with this drug. Moreover, RBBB has not been commonly reported in other studies. Thus, it should be considered as one of the cardiac side effects of glucantime and needs more attention.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.2.1037.1
Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Samad Karkhah, T. Yaghoubi
Background: In recent years, the number of emergencies in hospitals has increased. Hospitals are one of the main assets for successful disaster management. One of the significant challenges in a disaster is the evacuation of training wards. There are anatomical and physiological differences between adults and children that make children more vulnerable to accidents and disasters. Rapid transfer of sick children on a large scale has always been challenging in this respect. Objectives: This study pursued the goal to determine the challenges of emergency evacuation in specialized hospitals for children and neonates. Methods: Searching online databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was done from December 1 to December 20, 2021. The keywords used for the search were based on Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and were combined with other keywords, including evacuation, disaster, pediatric, and patient transfer. All English language studies consistent with the study goal (emergency evacuation challenges in specialized hospitals for children and neonatal) were included in this study. Results: Out of 2,145 studies, the full text of 11 studies was finally reviewed. The measures taken during natural disasters are divided into three levels: local, state, and national. Emergency evacuation challenges are also divided into five categories: communication, training, transportation, equipment and energy, and management. Conclusions: This study provided essential perspectives for developing appropriate intervention strategies for the managers and policymakers of health care systems to better prepare in case of natural disasters breaking out in children and neonatal wards.
背景：近年来，医院急诊的数量有所增加。医院是成功管理灾害的主要资产之一。灾难中的一个重大挑战是训练病房的疏散。成人和儿童之间存在解剖学和生理学差异，这使儿童更容易受到事故和灾难的影响。在这方面，大规模快速转移患病儿童一直是一项挑战。目的：本研究旨在确定儿童和新生儿专科医院紧急疏散的挑战。方法：搜索2021年12月1日至12月20日期间的在线数据库，如Google Scholar、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science。用于搜索的关键词基于医学主题标题（MESH），并与其他关键词相结合，包括疏散、灾难、儿科和患者转移。所有与研究目标一致的英语研究（儿童和新生儿专科医院的紧急疏散挑战）都包括在本研究中。结果：在2145项研究中，最终对11项研究的全文进行了回顾。自然灾害期间采取的措施分为三个层次：地方、州和国家。紧急疏散挑战也分为五类：通信、培训、运输、设备和能源以及管理。结论：这项研究为卫生保健系统的管理者和决策者制定适当的干预策略提供了重要的视角，以便在儿童和新生儿病房发生自然灾害时更好地做好准备。
{"title":"Emergency Evacuation Related Challenges in Specialized Hospitals for Children and Neonates: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Samad Karkhah, T. Yaghoubi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.1037.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.1037.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, the number of emergencies in hospitals has increased. Hospitals are one of the main assets for successful disaster management. One of the significant challenges in a disaster is the evacuation of training wards. There are anatomical and physiological differences between adults and children that make children more vulnerable to accidents and disasters. Rapid transfer of sick children on a large scale has always been challenging in this respect. Objectives: This study pursued the goal to determine the challenges of emergency evacuation in specialized hospitals for children and neonates. Methods: Searching online databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was done from December 1 to December 20, 2021. The keywords used for the search were based on Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and were combined with other keywords, including evacuation, disaster, pediatric, and patient transfer. All English language studies consistent with the study goal (emergency evacuation challenges in specialized hospitals for children and neonatal) were included in this study. Results: Out of 2,145 studies, the full text of 11 studies was finally reviewed. The measures taken during natural disasters are divided into three levels: local, state, and national. Emergency evacuation challenges are also divided into five categories: communication, training, transportation, equipment and energy, and management. Conclusions: This study provided essential perspectives for developing appropriate intervention strategies for the managers and policymakers of health care systems to better prepare in case of natural disasters breaking out in children and neonatal wards.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders globally, and infections are one of the major causes of death in these patients. Various studies have attributed the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in thalassemia patients to changes in their immunological status. Objectives: This research aimed to measure serum levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) in Thalassemia Major (TM) patients and in the control group. Methods: The study included forty TM patients (20 splenectomized and 20 non-splenectomized) and 20 healthy participants (the control group). Three groups were matched for age and gender. Mean serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured for all individuals by ELISA. P<0.05 was considered the significance level. Results: Increased serum IgG and IgA levels and significantly reduced serum IgM levels were observed in the splenectomized patients compared to the non-splenectomized ones. A comparison of the study groups revealed that serum IgG and IgA levels in the splenectomized patients and the mean serum IgM and IgG levels in the non-splenectomized patients were higher than those of the healthy participants. The mean serum IgM levels in the splenectomized patients and the mean serum IgG levels in the non-splenectomized patients were lower than those of the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that splenectomy could change the immunological status of thalassemia patients. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism for this change was not clear. Studying the serum levels of immunoglobulins might be useful in determining the severity of infections in TM patients.
{"title":"Comparison of Immunoglobulins Status In Splenectomized And Non-Splenectomized Patients With Major Beta-Thalassemia","authors":"G. Miri-Aliabad, A. Rezaeifar, Mahdi Salarzaei","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.951.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.951.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders globally, and infections are one of the major causes of death in these patients. Various studies have attributed the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in thalassemia patients to changes in their immunological status. Objectives: This research aimed to measure serum levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) in Thalassemia Major (TM) patients and in the control group. Methods: The study included forty TM patients (20 splenectomized and 20 non-splenectomized) and 20 healthy participants (the control group). Three groups were matched for age and gender. Mean serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured for all individuals by ELISA. P<0.05 was considered the significance level. Results: Increased serum IgG and IgA levels and significantly reduced serum IgM levels were observed in the splenectomized patients compared to the non-splenectomized ones. A comparison of the study groups revealed that serum IgG and IgA levels in the splenectomized patients and the mean serum IgM and IgG levels in the non-splenectomized patients were higher than those of the healthy participants. The mean serum IgM levels in the splenectomized patients and the mean serum IgG levels in the non-splenectomized patients were lower than those of the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that splenectomy could change the immunological status of thalassemia patients. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism for this change was not clear. Studying the serum levels of immunoglobulins might be useful in determining the severity of infections in TM patients.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47534338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Roudi, M. Sezavar, M. Naseri, Fahimeh Azadeh, G. Khademi
Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admitted patients are considered as a nutritionally high-risk population, for whom optimum energy and nutrient delivery is an important treatment strategy preventing organ dysfunction and subsequently poor clinical outcomes. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional adequacy indices and their probable relations to clinical outcomes in critically ill children. Methods: This project was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Akbar Children’s Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. All critically ill children with PICU stay >48 hours during May-June 2019 were enrolled. Age, gender, medical diagnosis, nutritional status, energy and protein requirements and deliveries, and clinical outcomes of patients were extracted. Results: Seventy-one patients were included, among whom 39 subjects (54.9%) were male. The prevalence of malnutrition was 45.3% and 52.4% in PICU patients with surgical and non-surgical underlying diseases, respectively. There were significant associations between the nutritional status of the patients (upon the PICU admission time), infection, and mortality rate. Mean±SEM values of the estimated energy requirement and delivered energy were 85.7±1.6 and 68.3±2.1 kcal/kg/d, respectively. In addition, the estimated protein requirement and protein delivery were 2.5±0.08 and 1.8±0.03 gr/kg/d, respectively. Energy intake had a negative association with infection rate and lower protein delivery was negatively associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Significant associations were found between energy/protein delivery and some clinical outcomes. The findings indicated the necessity of immediate further studies on the efficacy of different nutritional interventions as well as monitoring of optimal nutrition support barriers in critically ill children.
{"title":"Nutrition Support among Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: The Current Practice","authors":"F. Roudi, M. Sezavar, M. Naseri, Fahimeh Azadeh, G. Khademi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.919.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.919.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admitted patients are considered as a nutritionally high-risk population, for whom optimum energy and nutrient delivery is an important treatment strategy preventing organ dysfunction and subsequently poor clinical outcomes. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional adequacy indices and their probable relations to clinical outcomes in critically ill children. Methods: This project was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Akbar Children’s Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. All critically ill children with PICU stay >48 hours during May-June 2019 were enrolled. Age, gender, medical diagnosis, nutritional status, energy and protein requirements and deliveries, and clinical outcomes of patients were extracted. Results: Seventy-one patients were included, among whom 39 subjects (54.9%) were male. The prevalence of malnutrition was 45.3% and 52.4% in PICU patients with surgical and non-surgical underlying diseases, respectively. There were significant associations between the nutritional status of the patients (upon the PICU admission time), infection, and mortality rate. Mean±SEM values of the estimated energy requirement and delivered energy were 85.7±1.6 and 68.3±2.1 kcal/kg/d, respectively. In addition, the estimated protein requirement and protein delivery were 2.5±0.08 and 1.8±0.03 gr/kg/d, respectively. Energy intake had a negative association with infection rate and lower protein delivery was negatively associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Significant associations were found between energy/protein delivery and some clinical outcomes. The findings indicated the necessity of immediate further studies on the efficacy of different nutritional interventions as well as monitoring of optimal nutrition support barriers in critically ill children.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manijeh Tabrizi, Seyyedeh Azadeh Hoseini Nouri, M. Zarkesh, A. Hassanzadeh Rad, Elham Hashemi Dehkordi, Setila Dalili
Background: Growth impairment is a common problem in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) children. Approximately 40% of children with CKD have a reduced final height. Growth impairment affects school attendance, duration of hospitalization, adult height, and even risk of death. Objectives: Various studies have shown that patients with moderate to severe growth failure have higher mortality rates (three folds) than those with normal growth. This narrative review aimed to define the management of growth in pediatric chronic renal failure. Methods: This study was conducted through a literature search with the keywords of chronic renal failure, kidney transplant, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) combined with growth, short stature, and growth hormone using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Results: Growth impairment in children with CKD occurs due to diverse etiologies, such as uremia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, etc. It becomes more prominent in GFR<75 ml/min/1.73 m2. Growth hormone (GH) therapy seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic modality consequent to the correction of associated metabolic disturbances. Conclusions: This study indicated that pretransplant GH therapy in children with CKD and its temporary discontinuation at kidney transplantation up to one year after transplantation leads to improved growth velocity. Therefore, it seems that considering GH therapy in children with CKD is mandatory.
背景：生长障碍是慢性肾脏病（CKD）儿童的常见问题。大约40%的CKD儿童最终身高降低。生长障碍会影响入学率、住院时间、成人身高，甚至死亡风险。目的：各种研究表明，中重度生长衰竭患者的死亡率（三倍）高于生长正常患者。这篇叙述性综述旨在定义儿童慢性肾功能衰竭的生长管理。方法：本研究使用PubMed、Scopus、Web of Sciences、Cochrane和Embase数据库，以慢性肾功能衰竭、肾移植、肾小球滤过率（GFR）与生长、矮小和生长激素相结合为关键词进行文献检索。结果：CKD儿童的生长障碍是由多种病因引起的，如尿毒症、贫血、代谢性酸中毒等。GFR<75 ml/min/1.73 m2时更为突出。生长激素（GH）治疗似乎是一种安全有效的治疗方式，可以纠正相关的代谢紊乱。结论：本研究表明，CKD儿童移植前GH治疗及其在肾移植后一年内暂时停止治疗可提高生长速度。因此，考虑对CKD儿童进行GH治疗似乎是强制性的。
{"title":"Management of Growth in Pediatric Chronic Renal Failure: A Narrative Review","authors":"Manijeh Tabrizi, Seyyedeh Azadeh Hoseini Nouri, M. Zarkesh, A. Hassanzadeh Rad, Elham Hashemi Dehkordi, Setila Dalili","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.2.584.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.2.584.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Growth impairment is a common problem in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) children. Approximately 40% of children with CKD have a reduced final height. Growth impairment affects school attendance, duration of hospitalization, adult height, and even risk of death. Objectives: Various studies have shown that patients with moderate to severe growth failure have higher mortality rates (three folds) than those with normal growth. This narrative review aimed to define the management of growth in pediatric chronic renal failure. Methods: This study was conducted through a literature search with the keywords of chronic renal failure, kidney transplant, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) combined with growth, short stature, and growth hormone using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Results: Growth impairment in children with CKD occurs due to diverse etiologies, such as uremia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, etc. It becomes more prominent in GFR<75 ml/min/1.73 m2. Growth hormone (GH) therapy seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic modality consequent to the correction of associated metabolic disturbances. Conclusions: This study indicated that pretransplant GH therapy in children with CKD and its temporary discontinuation at kidney transplantation up to one year after transplantation leads to improved growth velocity. Therefore, it seems that considering GH therapy in children with CKD is mandatory.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46890065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To present the clinical and genetic features of a male ambiguity due to 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17B-HSD3) deficiency. Case presentation: The proposita was an 11-year-old girl and the first child of a consanguineous family. The external genitalia were completely female and had a short vaginal pouch. She had palpable gonads in her inguinal area and underwent bilateral gonadectomy at the age of two. At age 10, she was referred to our clinic for more evaluation. In pelvic sonography, uterine and ovarian were not seen. Her karyotype was 46, XY and her LH and FSH levels were elevated, and three of the patient's aunts and one of the mother's aunts had similar signs. Conclusion: We identified a novel homozygous missense variation (c.731T>A, p. Ile244Lys) in HSD17B3 gene. This alteration changes Isoleucine to Lysine in exon 10.
{"title":"Identification of a Novel Mutation in an Iranian Family with 17-β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 Deficiency; A case series","authors":"A. Heidari, A. Homaei, F. Saffari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.960.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.960.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To present the clinical and genetic features of a male ambiguity due to 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17B-HSD3) deficiency. Case presentation: The proposita was an 11-year-old girl and the first child of a consanguineous family. The external genitalia were completely female and had a short vaginal pouch. She had palpable gonads in her inguinal area and underwent bilateral gonadectomy at the age of two. At age 10, she was referred to our clinic for more evaluation. In pelvic sonography, uterine and ovarian were not seen. Her karyotype was 46, XY and her LH and FSH levels were elevated, and three of the patient's aunts and one of the mother's aunts had similar signs. Conclusion: We identified a novel homozygous missense variation (c.731T>A, p. Ile244Lys) in HSD17B3 gene. This alteration changes Isoleucine to Lysine in exon 10.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Amiri, K. Namakin, M. Soltani, Sameep S. Shetty, S. Riahi
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for some chronic disease. Some reports suggested that there is an interrelationship between lipids and cholecalciferol. Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the existing evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles in children and adolescents. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis data base such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, Magiran, SID were searched for studies prior up to December 21st, 2019. This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. I-square was used to measure the existing heterogeneity through included articles. Considering heterogeneity among articles, random-effect models were applied to pool standardized mean differences (SMD) as overall effect size. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analyses were conducted by STATA v 14.0. Study eligibility criteria included Children and adolescents (<18 years) and evaluated the association between vitamin D and lipid profile. Results: A total of 13 trials (number of participant=173) were included in the current meta-analysis. The SMD is 0.23, the vitamin D supplementation is associated with significant slight increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels in children and adolescent (SMD 0.23; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.45, P= 0.036; I2= 57.7%, Egger’s P=0.554). We found no significant association between vitamin D supplementation and LDL-cholesterol levels (SMD -0.10; 95% CI, − 0.29, 0.09, P = 0.310 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.689), Total cholesterol levels (SMD –0.01; 95% CI, − 0.20, 0.18, P = 0.926 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.005) and triglycerides levels (SMD -0.10; 95% CI, − 0.22, 0.02, P = 0.093 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.160). Conclusions and implications: vitamin D could marginally increase HDL level, without any significant effect on LDL-C, TG, and TC levels.
背景：维生素D缺乏是某些慢性病的重要危险因素。一些报道表明，脂质和胆钙化醇之间存在相互关系。目的：本荟萃分析旨在总结随机对照试验（RCTs）的现有证据，以评估补充维生素D对儿童和青少年脂质状况的影响。方法：在本系统综述和荟萃分析数据库中，检索截至2019年12月21日的研究，如Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar、EMBASE、Science Direct、Magiran、SID。本研究根据PRISMA指南进行。I-square用于通过纳入的文章来衡量现有的异质性。考虑到文章之间的异质性，应用随机效应模型将标准化平均差（SMD）作为总体效应大小。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。这些分析是通过STATA v 14.0进行的。研究合格标准包括儿童和青少年（<18岁），并评估维生素D与脂质状况之间的关系。结果：共有13项试验（参与者人数=173）被纳入当前的荟萃分析。SMD为0.23，补充维生素D与儿童和青少年高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平的显著轻微增加有关（SMD 0.23；95%CI，0.020.45，P=0.036；I2=57.7%，Egger’s P=0.554）。我们发现补充维生素D和LDL胆固醇水平之间没有显著关联（SMD-0.10；95%CI−0.29，0.09，P=0.310；I2=0.0%，Egger's P=0.689），总胆固醇水平（SMD–0.01；95%置信区间，−0.20，0.18，P=0.926；I2=0.0%，Egger’s P=0.005）和甘油三酯水平（SMD-0.10；95%可信区间，−0.22，0.02，P=0.093；I2=0.00%，Egger‘s P=0.160）。结论和意义：维生素D可以略微增加HDL水平，对LDL-C、TG和TC水平没有任何显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles in children and adolescence: A meta-analysis","authors":"B. Amiri, K. Namakin, M. Soltani, Sameep S. Shetty, S. Riahi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.987.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.987.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for some chronic disease. Some reports suggested that there is an interrelationship between lipids and cholecalciferol. Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the existing evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles in children and adolescents. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis data base such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, Magiran, SID were searched for studies prior up to December 21st, 2019. This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. I-square was used to measure the existing heterogeneity through included articles. Considering heterogeneity among articles, random-effect models were applied to pool standardized mean differences (SMD) as overall effect size. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analyses were conducted by STATA v 14.0. Study eligibility criteria included Children and adolescents (<18 years) and evaluated the association between vitamin D and lipid profile. Results: A total of 13 trials (number of participant=173) were included in the current meta-analysis. The SMD is 0.23, the vitamin D supplementation is associated with significant slight increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels in children and adolescent (SMD 0.23; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.45, P= 0.036; I2= 57.7%, Egger’s P=0.554). We found no significant association between vitamin D supplementation and LDL-cholesterol levels (SMD -0.10; 95% CI, − 0.29, 0.09, P = 0.310 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.689), Total cholesterol levels (SMD –0.01; 95% CI, − 0.20, 0.18, P = 0.926 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.005) and triglycerides levels (SMD -0.10; 95% CI, − 0.22, 0.02, P = 0.093 ; I2 = 0.0%, Egger’s P=0.160). Conclusions and implications: vitamin D could marginally increase HDL level, without any significant effect on LDL-C, TG, and TC levels.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jafari, Pooneh Dadashian, J. Ghaffari, D. Zamanfar
Background: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not the most common acute complication of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, But the cerebral edema caused by it is the most common cause of death in children with DKA. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to describe of the Predisposing factors of cerebral edema in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Methods: sex international databases of Wiley, Medline, Scopus, web of science, ProQuest and Cochrane Library s, and three domestic databases, including SID, Magiran and Iranmedex were searched for relevant studies. Then, articles with inclusion criteria and related to the objectives of this study were reviewed. Results: These studies have identified several risk factors for cerebral edema, some of which are related to the severity of the disease at admission and some of which are related to treatment. Conclusion: Preventing DKA is the only reliable way to prevent cerebral edema until the causes of this life-threatening complication are fully understood.
背景：糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）不是儿童和青少年1型糖尿病最常见的急性并发症，但其引起的脑水肿是DKA儿童最常见的死亡原因。目的：本研究的目的是系统地回顾文献，以描述儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒脑水肿的易发因素。方法：检索Wiley、Medline、Scopus、web of science、ProQuest和Cochrane Library的国际性数据库，以及SID、Magiran和Iranmedex三个国内数据库进行相关研究。然后，对纳入标准和与本研究目标相关的文章进行了综述。结果：这些研究已经确定了脑水肿的几个危险因素，其中一些与入院时疾病的严重程度有关，另一些与治疗有关。结论：在完全了解这种危及生命的并发症的原因之前，预防DKA是预防脑水肿的唯一可靠方法。
{"title":"Predisposing factors of cerebral edema in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A systematic review","authors":"H. Jafari, Pooneh Dadashian, J. Ghaffari, D. Zamanfar","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.994.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.994.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not the most common acute complication of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, But the cerebral edema caused by it is the most common cause of death in children with DKA. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to describe of the Predisposing factors of cerebral edema in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Methods: sex international databases of Wiley, Medline, Scopus, web of science, ProQuest and Cochrane Library s, and three domestic databases, including SID, Magiran and Iranmedex were searched for relevant studies. Then, articles with inclusion criteria and related to the objectives of this study were reviewed. Results: These studies have identified several risk factors for cerebral edema, some of which are related to the severity of the disease at admission and some of which are related to treatment. Conclusion: Preventing DKA is the only reliable way to prevent cerebral edema until the causes of this life-threatening complication are fully understood.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42364720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：