Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1047.4
Diana Sarokhani, A. Adibi, Mohsen Abdan, M. Fakhri
Background: Phototherapy is the most common treatment of neonatal jaundice that affects the zinc level as well as the bilirubin level. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of phototherapy on the zinc level of infants with jaundice by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis a comprehensive literature search of the databases, including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar web browser was conducted using standard keywords. Data analysis of this meta-analysis was performed using STATA software, version 14 and P<0.05 was considered a significant level for tests. Results: In the five studies reviewed in this article with a sample size of 398 individuals, phototherapy increased the level of zinc [Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.88 (95% CI: 0.38, 1.38), P<0.001] and decreased bilirubin level [SMD: -7.67 (95% CI: -9.11, -6.23), P<0.001] in infants with jaundice. The effect of phototherapy was on the zinc level of these groups: infants with a birth weight of 3000 to 3300 grams (gr) [SMD: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.71), P<0.001] and 3301 to 3600 gr [SMD: 0.40 (95% CI: -0.32, 1.12), P=0.028], three-day-old infants [SMD: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.74), P<0.001], four-day-old [SMD: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.32)], and 5-day-old ones [SMD: 0.23 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.48)]. In addition, phototherapy affected on zinc level of those whose gestational age (GA) was 37 [SMD: 1.12 (95% CI: 0.06, 2.17), P<0.001] and 38 [SMD: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.06), P=0.001] weeks. Conclusions: Phototherapy by reducing the level of bilirubin increases the level of zinc in infants with jaundice. So, the standardized mean difference of “phototherapy effects on the zinc level of infants with jaundice” decreases with increasing infants’ weight, increasing infants’ age, and increasing gestational age.
背景：光疗是新生儿黄疸最常见的治疗方法，它会影响锌水平和胆红素水平。目的：通过系统回顾和荟萃分析，探讨光疗对黄疸婴儿锌水平的影响。方法：在本系统综述和荟萃分析中，使用标准关键词对数据库进行了全面的文献检索，包括Cochrane Library、Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus和Google Scholar网络浏览器。该荟萃分析的数据分析使用STATA软件版本14进行，P<0.05被认为是测试的显著水平。结果：在本文回顾的5项研究中，样本量为398人，光疗提高了黄疸婴儿的锌水平[标准化平均差（SMD）：0.88（95%CI:0.38，1.38），P<0.001]，降低了胆红素水平[SSMD:-7.67（95%CI:9.11，-6.23），P<0.00]。光疗对这些组的锌水平的影响：出生体重为3000至3300克的婴儿[SMD:1.07（95%CI:0.42，1.71），P<0.001]和3301至3600克[SMD:0.40（95%CI:0.32，1.12），P=0.028]，三天大的婴儿[SDM:1.05（95%CI:0.35，1.74），P=0.001]，四天大的[SDM:0.76（95%CI:0.26，1.32）]，此外，光疗对孕龄为37[SMD:1.12（95%CI:0.06,2.17），P=0.001]和38[SMD:0.61（95%CI:0.15,1.06），P=0.001]周的患者的锌水平有影响。结论：降低胆红素水平的光疗可提高黄疸患儿的锌水平。因此，“光疗对黄疸婴儿锌水平的影响”的标准化平均差随着婴儿体重的增加、婴儿年龄的增加和胎龄的增加而减小。
{"title":"Phototherapy Effects on Zinc Level of Neonates With Hyperbilirubinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Diana Sarokhani, A. Adibi, Mohsen Abdan, M. Fakhri","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1047.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1047.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phototherapy is the most common treatment of neonatal jaundice that affects the zinc level as well as the bilirubin level. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of phototherapy on the zinc level of infants with jaundice by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis a comprehensive literature search of the databases, including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar web browser was conducted using standard keywords. Data analysis of this meta-analysis was performed using STATA software, version 14 and P<0.05 was considered a significant level for tests. Results: In the five studies reviewed in this article with a sample size of 398 individuals, phototherapy increased the level of zinc [Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.88 (95% CI: 0.38, 1.38), P<0.001] and decreased bilirubin level [SMD: -7.67 (95% CI: -9.11, -6.23), P<0.001] in infants with jaundice. The effect of phototherapy was on the zinc level of these groups: infants with a birth weight of 3000 to 3300 grams (gr) [SMD: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.71), P<0.001] and 3301 to 3600 gr [SMD: 0.40 (95% CI: -0.32, 1.12), P=0.028], three-day-old infants [SMD: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.74), P<0.001], four-day-old [SMD: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.32)], and 5-day-old ones [SMD: 0.23 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.48)]. In addition, phototherapy affected on zinc level of those whose gestational age (GA) was 37 [SMD: 1.12 (95% CI: 0.06, 2.17), P<0.001] and 38 [SMD: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.06), P=0.001] weeks. Conclusions: Phototherapy by reducing the level of bilirubin increases the level of zinc in infants with jaundice. So, the standardized mean difference of “phototherapy effects on the zinc level of infants with jaundice” decreases with increasing infants’ weight, increasing infants’ age, and increasing gestational age.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47915940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital urinary tract abnormality in children. Renal parenchymal damage is the most devastating complication of severe undiagnosed VUR. Different diagnostic biomarkers have been introduced as alternatives for radiologic evaluation in these patients. This review article aimed to increase the knowledge about the role of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in children affected by primary VUR and renal parenchymal damage. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Ovid was conducted in September 2022 to retrieve studies that investigated the correlation between uNGAL or uNGAL/Cr excretion and primary VUR in male/female patients younger than 18 years of age. Patients with secondary VUR, age older than 18 years, infectious or inflammatory disorders, obstructive uropathies, and acute or chronic kidney diseases were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the search results and then assessed the full texts selected from the pertinent studies. Results: Eighteen research articles with a total sample of 699 patients were found to measure uNGAL in VUR or renal scarring. UNGAL or uNGAL/Cr had increased excretion in the majority of children with primary VUR or RPD, with a positive or no correlation to the severity of VUR. Conclusions: Several studies addressed uNGAL and uNGAL/Cr as putative biomarkers for the prediction of VUR or reflux-associated RPD.
背景:膀胱输尿管反流(VUR)是儿童最常见的先天性尿路异常。肾实质损害是严重未确诊VUR最具破坏性的并发症。不同的诊断生物标志物已被引入作为这些患者放射学评估的替代方法。这篇综述文章旨在增加对尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙蛋白(uNGAL)在原发性VUR和肾实质损害儿童中的作用的认识。方法:于2022年9月对PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、ProQuest和Ovid进行系统综述，检索18岁以下男性/女性患者uNGAL或uNGAL/Cr排泄与原发性VUR之间相关性的研究。排除继发性VUR、年龄大于18岁、感染性或炎症性疾病、梗阻性尿路病变、急性或慢性肾脏疾病的患者。两位审稿人独立筛选检索结果的标题和摘要，然后评估从相关研究中选择的全文。结果:18篇研究文章共699例患者在VUR或肾瘢痕中检测了uNGAL。UNGAL或UNGAL /Cr在大多数原发性VUR或RPD患儿中排泄量增加，与VUR严重程度呈正相关或无相关。结论:一些研究将uNGAL和uNGAL/Cr作为预测VUR或反流相关RPD的推测生物标志物。
{"title":"Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as a Predictor of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Renal Parenchymal Damage: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Nickavar, E. Valavi, N. Sadigh","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.677.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.677.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital urinary tract abnormality in children. Renal parenchymal damage is the most devastating complication of severe undiagnosed VUR. Different diagnostic biomarkers have been introduced as alternatives for radiologic evaluation in these patients. This review article aimed to increase the knowledge about the role of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in children affected by primary VUR and renal parenchymal damage. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Ovid was conducted in September 2022 to retrieve studies that investigated the correlation between uNGAL or uNGAL/Cr excretion and primary VUR in male/female patients younger than 18 years of age. Patients with secondary VUR, age older than 18 years, infectious or inflammatory disorders, obstructive uropathies, and acute or chronic kidney diseases were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the search results and then assessed the full texts selected from the pertinent studies. Results: Eighteen research articles with a total sample of 699 patients were found to measure uNGAL in VUR or renal scarring. UNGAL or uNGAL/Cr had increased excretion in the majority of children with primary VUR or RPD, with a positive or no correlation to the severity of VUR. Conclusions: Several studies addressed uNGAL and uNGAL/Cr as putative biomarkers for the prediction of VUR or reflux-associated RPD.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1058.1
S. Darougar, Seyed Karen Hashemitari, Sara Montazeri Namin
Background: Chronic urticaria is a long-lasting condition, sometimes with serious comorbidities, severely affecting the quality of life, which makes the patients seek efficient therapies to achieve sustained remissions. The complex nature of urticaria greatly complicates the patients’ responses to appropriate treatments. Objectives: This review was conducted to focus on the Janus kinase (JAK) pathway, evaluate its role as a new biomarker, and discover the efficacy of its inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of refractory chronic urticaria. Methods: Electronic databases of PubMed and SCOPUS were searched to find and evaluate all the reports describing “Janus kinase,” “JAK-STAT pathway,” “chronic urticaria,” “JAK inhibitors,” and “pruritus.” Because itching is the most annoying symptom of chronic urticaria and due to the scarcity of articles conducted on the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of this disease, we also reviewed quite a few articles performed on applying JAK inhibitors in the treatment of dermatologic disorders and also pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Results: From the initially retrieved articles, only five were exclusively about the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Conclusions: Although JAK inhibitors are widely known as effective therapies in the treatment of some dermatological diseases, we found out that there are not currently sufficient eligible studies confirming the role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of chronic urticaria. There is therefore a need for more studies regarding the efficacy and safety of these medications in the treatment of refractory chronic urticaria.
{"title":"Janus-kinase Inhibitors in Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Urticaria: A Review of the Literature","authors":"S. Darougar, Seyed Karen Hashemitari, Sara Montazeri Namin","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1058.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1058.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic urticaria is a long-lasting condition, sometimes with serious comorbidities, severely affecting the quality of life, which makes the patients seek efficient therapies to achieve sustained remissions. The complex nature of urticaria greatly complicates the patients’ responses to appropriate treatments. Objectives: This review was conducted to focus on the Janus kinase (JAK) pathway, evaluate its role as a new biomarker, and discover the efficacy of its inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of refractory chronic urticaria. Methods: Electronic databases of PubMed and SCOPUS were searched to find and evaluate all the reports describing “Janus kinase,” “JAK-STAT pathway,” “chronic urticaria,” “JAK inhibitors,” and “pruritus.” Because itching is the most annoying symptom of chronic urticaria and due to the scarcity of articles conducted on the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of this disease, we also reviewed quite a few articles performed on applying JAK inhibitors in the treatment of dermatologic disorders and also pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Results: From the initially retrieved articles, only five were exclusively about the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Conclusions: Although JAK inhibitors are widely known as effective therapies in the treatment of some dermatological diseases, we found out that there are not currently sufficient eligible studies confirming the role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of chronic urticaria. There is therefore a need for more studies regarding the efficacy and safety of these medications in the treatment of refractory chronic urticaria.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1073.2
D. Zamanfar, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mohammad Zahedi
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic limited the daily activities of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and several factors are impacting ongoing care. The role of pandemics on glycemic control is unknown. We plan to assess the glycemic status and the factors that influence it during the pandemic. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, with English-type articles extracted from December 31, 2019, to March 3, 2022, were searched. The article review was based on factors influencing glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus cases younger than 18 years of age during the pandemic period such as psychological factors, telemedicine role, lifestyle changes, various diabetes technology (cost, availability…), caregivers’ role, and socioeconomic factors. Results: We scanned 573 articles as an initial search for titles/abstracts and full-text reviews, and 54 articles remained after title/abstract screening for full-text assessment among which 14 articles (cohort studies) were included. Most studies reported glycemic improvement based on blood glucose metrics while some studies reported stable glycemic control. Although the pre-pandemic glucose profile is important, factors such as telemedicine, diabetes technology, and lifestyle play a more tangible role in improving glycemic control during the pandemic. Conclusions: Overall, the studies did not contain strong evidence that glycemic control worsened in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the pandemic. Although the assessment was conducted over a short period, long-term multicenter studies would be useful for a more precise assessment of the mentioned potential factors.
背景:COVID-19大流行限制了1型糖尿病儿童和青少年的日常活动，有几个因素正在影响持续的护理。流行病对血糖控制的作用尚不清楚。我们计划在大流行期间评估血糖状况及其影响因素。目的:研究COVID-19隔离对1型糖尿病儿童和青少年血糖控制的影响。方法:检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Science Direct等数据库，提取2019年12月31日至2022年3月3日的英文论文。本文综述的基础是大流行期间影响18岁以下1型糖尿病患者血糖控制的因素，如心理因素、远程医疗角色、生活方式改变、各种糖尿病技术(成本、可获得性……)、护理人员角色和社会经济因素。结果:我们扫描了573篇文章作为标题/摘要和全文综述的初步检索，在标题/摘要筛选后，剩下54篇文章进行全文评估，其中14篇文章(队列研究)被纳入。大多数研究报告基于血糖指标的血糖改善，而一些研究报告稳定的血糖控制。虽然大流行前的血糖状况很重要，但远程医疗、糖尿病技术和生活方式等因素在大流行期间改善血糖控制方面发挥着更切实的作用。结论:总的来说，这些研究没有强有力的证据表明大流行期间1型糖尿病儿童和青少年的血糖控制恶化。虽然评估是在短期内进行的，但长期的多中心研究将有助于对上述潜在因素进行更精确的评估。
{"title":"Glycemic Fluctuations of Children and Adolescence Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the Impressive Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Since the Onset of Pandemic Lockdown: A Review Paper","authors":"D. Zamanfar, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mohammad Zahedi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1073.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1073.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic limited the daily activities of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and several factors are impacting ongoing care. The role of pandemics on glycemic control is unknown. We plan to assess the glycemic status and the factors that influence it during the pandemic. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, with English-type articles extracted from December 31, 2019, to March 3, 2022, were searched. The article review was based on factors influencing glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus cases younger than 18 years of age during the pandemic period such as psychological factors, telemedicine role, lifestyle changes, various diabetes technology (cost, availability…), caregivers’ role, and socioeconomic factors. Results: We scanned 573 articles as an initial search for titles/abstracts and full-text reviews, and 54 articles remained after title/abstract screening for full-text assessment among which 14 articles (cohort studies) were included. Most studies reported glycemic improvement based on blood glucose metrics while some studies reported stable glycemic control. Although the pre-pandemic glucose profile is important, factors such as telemedicine, diabetes technology, and lifestyle play a more tangible role in improving glycemic control during the pandemic. Conclusions: Overall, the studies did not contain strong evidence that glycemic control worsened in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the pandemic. Although the assessment was conducted over a short period, long-term multicenter studies would be useful for a more precise assessment of the mentioned potential factors.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The most common symptoms in neonates with severe COVID-19 infection have been respiratory problems. The virus may adversely affect organs such as the liver. Methods: Studies focusing solely on liver involvement in newborns with COVID-19 infection were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Eight studies were finally reviewed. Results: Direct viral invasion (COVID-19-induced hepatitis or systemic inflammatory response) and drug-induced may contribute to liver damage in neonates. SARS-CoV-2 may be the latest spark in toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes infections, and fetal liver involvement may be induced by transplacental transmission. Conclusions: Hepatic dysfunction is infrequent but important in neonates with COVID-19 infection and the mechanism of liver damage associated with COVID-19 may differ from that in adults.
{"title":"Hepatobiliary Involvement in Neonates With COVID-19 Infection: A Previous Case Series Studies","authors":"R. Farhadi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.47.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.47.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most common symptoms in neonates with severe COVID-19 infection have been respiratory problems. The virus may adversely affect organs such as the liver. Methods: Studies focusing solely on liver involvement in newborns with COVID-19 infection were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Eight studies were finally reviewed. Results: Direct viral invasion (COVID-19-induced hepatitis or systemic inflammatory response) and drug-induced may contribute to liver damage in neonates. SARS-CoV-2 may be the latest spark in toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes infections, and fetal liver involvement may be induced by transplacental transmission. Conclusions: Hepatic dysfunction is infrequent but important in neonates with COVID-19 infection and the mechanism of liver damage associated with COVID-19 may differ from that in adults.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19, the 7th coronavirus) was a pandemic infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The respiratory system is often involved in COVID-19 infection. Underlying disorders such as uncontrolled asthma are a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. For protecting against COVID-19, we need vaccination-associated social care such as facial masks, distance, and sanitizers.
{"title":"Contraindications of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Letter to Editor","authors":"J. Ghaffari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.28.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.28.18","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19, the 7th coronavirus) was a pandemic infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The respiratory system is often involved in COVID-19 infection. Underlying disorders such as uncontrolled asthma are a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. For protecting against COVID-19, we need vaccination-associated social care such as facial masks, distance, and sanitizers.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1101.1
J. Valenzuela-Ruiz, Gustavo Francisco Bobadilla-Olaje, J. R. Calleja-López, Enrique Ruibal-Tavares, Cristian N. Rivera-Rosas, Luis José Aguilera-Duarte, Jesús Omar Ruiz-Quiroz
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia (HG), which has multiple etiologies. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) classifies DM into four major groups. In the pediatric age, DM can be caused by several etiologies. Case Presentation: We present a series of four case reports of DM among pediatric patients caused by different etiologies, to discuss several clinical presentations of DM among children and the teenage population, as well as diverse therapeutic options for the different DM subtypes. Conclusions: We conclude that DM in the pediatric age group has multiple etiologies and presentation variants. Type 1 DM still represents the highest incidence in this age group, however, several factors have aided in the awareness and diagnosis of other types of DM previously considered as rather infrequent in this age group.
{"title":"Diabetes in the Pediatric Age Group: A Case Series and Review of Literature","authors":"J. Valenzuela-Ruiz, Gustavo Francisco Bobadilla-Olaje, J. R. Calleja-López, Enrique Ruibal-Tavares, Cristian N. Rivera-Rosas, Luis José Aguilera-Duarte, Jesús Omar Ruiz-Quiroz","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1101.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1101.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia (HG), which has multiple etiologies. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) classifies DM into four major groups. In the pediatric age, DM can be caused by several etiologies. Case Presentation: We present a series of four case reports of DM among pediatric patients caused by different etiologies, to discuss several clinical presentations of DM among children and the teenage population, as well as diverse therapeutic options for the different DM subtypes. Conclusions: We conclude that DM in the pediatric age group has multiple etiologies and presentation variants. Type 1 DM still represents the highest incidence in this age group, however, several factors have aided in the awareness and diagnosis of other types of DM previously considered as rather infrequent in this age group.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manijeh Tabrizi, Seyyedeh Azade Hoseini Nouri, Afagh Hasanzade Rad, Setila Dalili, Seyede Tahoura Hakemzadeh, Amir Mohammad Ghanbari, Reza Bayat, Amir Reza Mashaei, Nazanin Medghalchi, K. Khosravi
Background: Bedside teaching is a concentrated form of small-group teaching that takes place in the presence of the patient. Improvement in communication skills in a sympathetic manner with the patient and the ability to provide a purposeful history description and earning skills in clinical examinations is a goal that can only be achieved at the patient’s bedside. Bedside teaching has declined in recent years despite all its benefits; however, there are strong recommendations to continue this teaching modality for its valued benefits. In this context, we aimed to deal with the importance of bedside teaching and the challenges ahead in the covid epidemic as well as its alternatives for teaching medical students. Evidence acquisition: This study was conducted through a literature search on articles in English with the relevant keywords (((((((“students, medical”[Mesh]) AND (“COVID-19”[Mesh])) AND (“education”[Mesh])) AND (“patient-centered care”[Mesh])) AND (“patient care team”[Mesh])) OR (“teaching rounds”[Mesh])) OR (“education, distance”[Mesh])) AND (“Physical examination”[Mesh]) using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase databases from 2001 to 2022. Results: In our search, 22 related articles were found, 3 of which were clinical trials) and 4 were review articles. This study summarized the following important issues related to bedside teaching: 1- We discussed the definition, importance, benefits, and difficulties of bedside teaching on the way to education; 2- We deliberated the causes of reluctance to carry out education at the bedside and the ways to deal with the reduction of its implementation; 3-we also noticed alternative methods for medical education in periods of special contact restrictions with patients such as the COVID-19 epidemic in this review. Conclusions: Bedside teaching has a fundamental role in medical education. In particular circumstances, such as covid 19 epidemy, in which the bedside teaching courses were suspended, it is necessary to allocate other educational arrangements and design a distance learning curriculum, including virtual teaching, uploading videos to view clinical procedures on social media platforms, interview with a virtual patient, and simulation.
背景：床边教学是在患者在场的情况下进行的小组教学的集中形式。以同情的方式提高与患者的沟通技能，以及在临床检查中提供有目的的病史描述和学习技能的能力，这是只有在患者床边才能实现的目标。近年来，尽管有种种好处，但床边教学却有所减少；然而，有人强烈建议继续这种教学模式，以获得其宝贵的利益。在此背景下，我们旨在应对床边教学的重要性、新冠肺炎疫情中面临的挑战及其对医学生教学的替代方案。证据获取：这项研究是通过对英文文章的文献检索进行的，相关关键词为：“学生，医学”[Mesh]）AND（“新冠肺炎”[Msh]））AND（”教育“[Mesh][Mesh]），2001年至2022年使用PubMed、Scopus、Web of Sciences、Cochrane和Embase数据库。结果：在我们的搜索中，发现了22篇相关文章，其中3篇是临床试验），4篇是综述文章。本研究总结了以下与床边教学有关的重要问题：1-我们讨论了床边教学的定义、重要性、好处和困难；2-我们讨论了不愿在床边进行教育的原因以及减少实施的方法；3我们还注意到，在这篇综述中，在新冠肺炎疫情等与患者的特殊接触限制时期，医学教育的替代方法。结论：床边教学在医学教育中具有基础性作用。在特殊情况下，如新冠肺炎19流行病，床边教学课程暂停，有必要分配其他教育安排并设计远程学习课程，包括虚拟教学、上传视频在社交媒体平台上查看临床程序、与虚拟患者的访谈和模拟。
{"title":"Bedside Teaching and Its Alternatives in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Manijeh Tabrizi, Seyyedeh Azade Hoseini Nouri, Afagh Hasanzade Rad, Setila Dalili, Seyede Tahoura Hakemzadeh, Amir Mohammad Ghanbari, Reza Bayat, Amir Reza Mashaei, Nazanin Medghalchi, K. Khosravi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.584.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.584.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bedside teaching is a concentrated form of small-group teaching that takes place in the presence of the patient. Improvement in communication skills in a sympathetic manner with the patient and the ability to provide a purposeful history description and earning skills in clinical examinations is a goal that can only be achieved at the patient’s bedside. Bedside teaching has declined in recent years despite all its benefits; however, there are strong recommendations to continue this teaching modality for its valued benefits. In this context, we aimed to deal with the importance of bedside teaching and the challenges ahead in the covid epidemic as well as its alternatives for teaching medical students. Evidence acquisition: This study was conducted through a literature search on articles in English with the relevant keywords (((((((“students, medical”[Mesh]) AND (“COVID-19”[Mesh])) AND (“education”[Mesh])) AND (“patient-centered care”[Mesh])) AND (“patient care team”[Mesh])) OR (“teaching rounds”[Mesh])) OR (“education, distance”[Mesh])) AND (“Physical examination”[Mesh]) using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase databases from 2001 to 2022. Results: In our search, 22 related articles were found, 3 of which were clinical trials) and 4 were review articles. This study summarized the following important issues related to bedside teaching: 1- We discussed the definition, importance, benefits, and difficulties of bedside teaching on the way to education; 2- We deliberated the causes of reluctance to carry out education at the bedside and the ways to deal with the reduction of its implementation; 3-we also noticed alternative methods for medical education in periods of special contact restrictions with patients such as the COVID-19 epidemic in this review. Conclusions: Bedside teaching has a fundamental role in medical education. In particular circumstances, such as covid 19 epidemy, in which the bedside teaching courses were suspended, it is necessary to allocate other educational arrangements and design a distance learning curriculum, including virtual teaching, uploading videos to view clinical procedures on social media platforms, interview with a virtual patient, and simulation.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49429034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1035.1
Sushanta Bhanja, S. Mitra, Jiban Krishna De
Background: Childhood overweight and obesity was once a disease of affluent countries but nowadays it is a burning issue in developing countries too. As it is a lifestyle disease, it increases manifold chances of the development of different non-communicable diseases in adult life. The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months among seventy-five pediatric out-patient attendees aged 5-18 years of a teaching hospital in West Bengal. Socio-demographic characteristics including physical activity levels were taken with a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations, and carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) was measured with B-mode USG. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22, Epi Info, and WHO Anthro plus software, version 1.0.4. Results: Statistically significant association between childhood overweight and obesity was found with exclusive breastfeeding, high lipid profile and blood sugar, physical inactivity, high liver function test, and CIMT values. Conclusions: The alarming increase in childhood overweight and obesity indicates the need for more comprehensive preventive interventions to avoid the pandemic of this impending non-communicable disease.
{"title":"Does the Childhood Obesity Require Special Attention? A Cross-sectional Pilot Study","authors":"Sushanta Bhanja, S. Mitra, Jiban Krishna De","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1035.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1035.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood overweight and obesity was once a disease of affluent countries but nowadays it is a burning issue in developing countries too. As it is a lifestyle disease, it increases manifold chances of the development of different non-communicable diseases in adult life. The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months among seventy-five pediatric out-patient attendees aged 5-18 years of a teaching hospital in West Bengal. Socio-demographic characteristics including physical activity levels were taken with a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations, and carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) was measured with B-mode USG. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22, Epi Info, and WHO Anthro plus software, version 1.0.4. Results: Statistically significant association between childhood overweight and obesity was found with exclusive breastfeeding, high lipid profile and blood sugar, physical inactivity, high liver function test, and CIMT values. Conclusions: The alarming increase in childhood overweight and obesity indicates the need for more comprehensive preventive interventions to avoid the pandemic of this impending non-communicable disease.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.11.2.1055.1
S. Farnia, Arian Jahandideh, D. Zamanfar, M. Moosazadeh, A. Hedayatizadeh-Omran
Background: Since a comprehensive study of eating disorders in children with type 1 diabetes in the Iranian population is necessary, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of eating behaviors and metabolic control status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The present cross-sectional study aim to explore the prevalence of eating behaviors and their influence on metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all children and adolescents 6 to 12 years old with diabetes were included. First, the prevalence of eating-related behaviors in participants was assessed and recorded. Then the recorded data were statistically analyzed. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 8.92±1.925 years. One hundred children with food approach scores above 12.29 had food-approach behaviors, and 78 children with food avoidance scores above 11.85 were classified as having food avoidance behaviors. The relationships between food-approach behaviors and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and insulin dose, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile were significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the relationship between these variables and food avoidance behaviors was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: High BMI, high insulin dose, increased lipid levels, and high HbA1c are associated with an increased eating tendency in children. Therefore, these children should be evaluated for disordered eating behaviors.
{"title":"Prevalence of Eating Behaviors and Their Influence on Metabolic Control of Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. Farnia, Arian Jahandideh, D. Zamanfar, M. Moosazadeh, A. Hedayatizadeh-Omran","doi":"10.32598/jpr.11.2.1055.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.2.1055.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since a comprehensive study of eating disorders in children with type 1 diabetes in the Iranian population is necessary, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of eating behaviors and metabolic control status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The present cross-sectional study aim to explore the prevalence of eating behaviors and their influence on metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all children and adolescents 6 to 12 years old with diabetes were included. First, the prevalence of eating-related behaviors in participants was assessed and recorded. Then the recorded data were statistically analyzed. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 8.92±1.925 years. One hundred children with food approach scores above 12.29 had food-approach behaviors, and 78 children with food avoidance scores above 11.85 were classified as having food avoidance behaviors. The relationships between food-approach behaviors and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and insulin dose, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile were significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the relationship between these variables and food avoidance behaviors was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: High BMI, high insulin dose, increased lipid levels, and high HbA1c are associated with an increased eating tendency in children. Therefore, these children should be evaluated for disordered eating behaviors.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：