Context: One of the research areas is using stem cell transplantation for treating children’s sensorineural hearing loss. Preclinical studies and testing of the stem cell types have been performed in this field, and relative improvement has been achieved. Objectives: This narrative review has been prepared to study the advancements in hearing regeneration with stem cell transplantation. Data Sources: The English articles with full-text were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar from 2000 to 2020 using keywords of sensory neural hearing loss and stem cell. Results: In 2018, the first human study was performed with stem cells from the human umbilical cord, which has promising results regarding the safety of the method and its positive effects on hearing. Conclusions: Autologous stem cell transplantation had induced relative improvement without serious adverse events in children with acquired sensorineural hearing loss. To obtain more evidence, further studies are required with larger sample sizes and in different patients groups.
{"title":"Stem Cell Therapy in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mahbobeh Oroei, Mohsen Ahadi","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.933.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.933.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: One of the research areas is using stem cell transplantation for treating children’s sensorineural hearing loss. Preclinical studies and testing of the stem cell types have been performed in this field, and relative improvement has been achieved. Objectives: This narrative review has been prepared to study the advancements in hearing regeneration with stem cell transplantation. Data Sources: The English articles with full-text were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar from 2000 to 2020 using keywords of sensory neural hearing loss and stem cell. Results: In 2018, the first human study was performed with stem cells from the human umbilical cord, which has promising results regarding the safety of the method and its positive effects on hearing. Conclusions: Autologous stem cell transplantation had induced relative improvement without serious adverse events in children with acquired sensorineural hearing loss. To obtain more evidence, further studies are required with larger sample sizes and in different patients groups.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42937462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzane Alidost, Z. Taghizadeh, Nasimeh Setayesh, Haniyeh Nazem, M. Azizi
Context: Street children may expose to high-risk behaviors such as unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Objectives: This study systematically reviewed and presented preventive strategies for promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) against unsafe abortion, STDs, and unwanted pregnancy in street children. Data Source: In this systematic review, we searched databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar. Published articles between 1990 and 2020 were retrieved. Finally, 41 articles were used to compile the results of this study. Study Selection: A total of 1522 potentially relevant articles were identified; 275 articles were removed due to duplication and in abstract screening, and 766 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria or focus on the research question. Next, the full-text of 481 remained articles were screened. Studies in languages other than English or Persian, studies presented in conferences, and those with no information regarding the SRH among street children were removed. Finally, 41 studies were included in this systematic review. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the articles according to the selection criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: Results of this study were categorized into 2 tables. Table 1 presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of SRH in street children were shown. Table 2 presents the preventive strategies regarding unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and STDs in the street children in four categories of 1) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 2) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 3) creating secure umbrella and social welfare, and 4) expansion program and promotion of social protection. Conclusions: Because of no information on street children regarding SRH, the government should consider adequate sexual education programs such as protected sexual intercourse and counseling on preventing STDs and unsafe abortion. It is essential to allocate affordable and accessible healthcare centers and facilities to provide services with no judgment on these children.
背景:街头儿童可能暴露于高危行为，如意外怀孕、堕胎和性传播疾病(std)。目的:本研究系统地审查并提出了促进性健康和生殖健康(SRH)的预防战略，以防止街头儿童的不安全堕胎、性传播疾病和意外怀孕。数据来源:本系统综述检索了ScienceDirect、Web of Science (ISI)、PubMed、Scopus、Scientific Information Database (SID)和谷歌Scholar等数据库。检索1990年至2020年间发表的文章。最后，利用41篇文章来汇编本研究的结果。研究选择:总共确定了1522篇可能相关的文章;由于重复和摘要筛选，275篇文章被删除，766篇文章不符合纳入标准或不关注研究问题。接下来，对剩余的481篇文章全文进行了筛选。以英语或波斯语以外的语言进行的研究、在会议上发表的研究以及没有关于街头儿童性健康和生殖健康信息的研究均被删除。最后，本系统综述纳入了41项研究。数据提取:由两名独立审稿人根据选择标准从文章中提取数据。结果:本研究结果分为2个表。表1显示了街头儿童性健康和生殖健康的优势、劣势、机会和威胁。表2列出了针对街头儿童意外怀孕、不安全堕胎和性传播疾病的预防战略，分为四类:1)扩大方案和促进教育服务;2)扩大方案和促进教育服务;3)建立安全保护伞和社会福利;4)扩大方案和促进社会保护。结论:由于没有关于街头儿童性健康和生殖健康的信息，政府应该考虑适当的性教育项目，如保护性性交和预防性病和不安全堕胎的咨询。至关重要的是分配负担得起和可获得的医疗保健中心和设施，在不评判这些儿童的情况下提供服务。
{"title":"Local Action for Sexual and Reproductive Health of Street Children: A Systematic Review","authors":"Farzane Alidost, Z. Taghizadeh, Nasimeh Setayesh, Haniyeh Nazem, M. Azizi","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.902.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.902.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Street children may expose to high-risk behaviors such as unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Objectives: This study systematically reviewed and presented preventive strategies for promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) against unsafe abortion, STDs, and unwanted pregnancy in street children. Data Source: In this systematic review, we searched databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar. Published articles between 1990 and 2020 were retrieved. Finally, 41 articles were used to compile the results of this study. Study Selection: A total of 1522 potentially relevant articles were identified; 275 articles were removed due to duplication and in abstract screening, and 766 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria or focus on the research question. Next, the full-text of 481 remained articles were screened. Studies in languages other than English or Persian, studies presented in conferences, and those with no information regarding the SRH among street children were removed. Finally, 41 studies were included in this systematic review. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the articles according to the selection criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: Results of this study were categorized into 2 tables. Table 1 presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of SRH in street children were shown. Table 2 presents the preventive strategies regarding unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and STDs in the street children in four categories of 1) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 2) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 3) creating secure umbrella and social welfare, and 4) expansion program and promotion of social protection. Conclusions: Because of no information on street children regarding SRH, the government should consider adequate sexual education programs such as protected sexual intercourse and counseling on preventing STDs and unsafe abortion. It is essential to allocate affordable and accessible healthcare centers and facilities to provide services with no judgment on these children.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Karami, Amir Mohammad Beyzaee, F. Masiha, M. Ghasemi, A. Nosrati, S. Mousavi, Mohammad Naderisorki, S. Behzadnia
Introduction: Digital clubbing (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) as the initial presentation of lymphoma is rarely reported, particularly in children. In this study, we report a patient with intrathoracic Hodgkin Disease (HD) and digital clubbing as the first presentation, and we will review the literature regarding the same condition. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of cough, mild dyspnea, and night sweats, with prominent digital clubbing. A chest x-ray and a computed tomography scan of the chest showed multiple mediastinal masses. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy was done. Pathologic examination was indicative of nodular sclerosis HD. Conclusions: In patients with digital clubbing, intrathoracic malignancies should be considered a differential diagnosis and must be ruled out by precise examination and paraclinical help.
{"title":"Digital Clubbing and Hodgkin Disease in Children: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"H. Karami, Amir Mohammad Beyzaee, F. Masiha, M. Ghasemi, A. Nosrati, S. Mousavi, Mohammad Naderisorki, S. Behzadnia","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.786.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.786.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Digital clubbing (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) as the initial presentation of lymphoma is rarely reported, particularly in children. In this study, we report a patient with intrathoracic Hodgkin Disease (HD) and digital clubbing as the first presentation, and we will review the literature regarding the same condition. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of cough, mild dyspnea, and night sweats, with prominent digital clubbing. A chest x-ray and a computed tomography scan of the chest showed multiple mediastinal masses. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy was done. Pathologic examination was indicative of nodular sclerosis HD. Conclusions: In patients with digital clubbing, intrathoracic malignancies should be considered a differential diagnosis and must be ruled out by precise examination and paraclinical help.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46203853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bahareh Vard, Maryam Mahdieh, Roya Riahi, M. Heidari-Beni, R. Kelishadi
Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity with its complications has increased in the world. Obesity, along with antioxidants deficiency (due to an unhealthy diet), might change the balance in favor of oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the literature on the relationship between obesity and antioxidant status through a systematic review and meta-analysis Results: β-Carotene levels was significantly lower in obese children than non-obese ones (mean difference: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.09-0.16, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=85%). There was a significant difference between obese and non-obese children in both α-tocopherol (pooled mean difference respectively: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.04-0.96, P<0.001 ) with non-significant heterogeneity (P>0.05, I2=0.0% ) and α-tocopherol per lipoid (pooled mean difference: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.28-0.55, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P=0.048, I2=58.8%). There was no significant association between vitamin E level and obesity (pooled mean difference: 0.40, 95%CI: -0.05-0.85, P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=84.5%). There was significant association between zinc, magnesium, copper, and selenium level and obesity (P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001). Conclusions: This review revealed a significant inverse relationship between childhood obesity and serum antioxidant levels. More studies are necessary to find the underlying mechanisms and clinical impacts of this finding. Data Sources: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed among English language articles published until September 2020 without any time limit. An electronic search was conducted in international databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane. Study Selection: First, 1255 papers were found. After removing duplicates and quality assessment, 46 were used in the systemic review, and 19 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. Data Extraction: Two researchers independently searched the following keywords in the databases: “Vitamin C”, “Vitamin E”, “Vitamin A”, “Carotenoids”, “Antioxidants”, “Selenium”, “Magnesium”, “Copper”, “Zinc”, “Ascorbic acid”, “Tocopherol”, “Obesity”, “Overweight”, “Childhood”, “Pediatric”, and “Adolescence”. Articles that examined the association between obesity and antioxidant status were included in the study. The research on animals, interventional studies, case studies, case reports, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The research team determined the quality of studies using the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using index (I2) and probability of diffusion bias by funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests.
背景:儿童肥胖及其并发症的患病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势。肥胖，加上抗氧化剂缺乏(由于不健康的饮食)，可能会改变平衡，有利于氧化应激。目的:本研究旨在通过系统回顾和荟萃分析对肥胖与抗氧化状态关系的文献进行评估。结果:肥胖儿童β-胡萝卜素水平显著低于非肥胖儿童(平均差异为0.13,95%CI: 0.09-0.16, P0.05, I2=0.0%)， α-生育酚/脂质水平显著低于非肥胖儿童(汇总平均差异为0.42,95%CI: 0.28-0.55, P0.05)，异质性显著(P0.05)，异质性显著(P<0.001)。结论:本综述揭示了儿童肥胖与血清抗氧化水平之间的显著负相关关系。需要更多的研究来发现这一发现的潜在机制和临床影响。数据来源:本系统综述和荟萃分析是在2020年9月之前发表的英文文章中进行的，没有任何时间限制。在b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Medline和Cochrane等国际数据库中进行电子检索。研究选择:首先，共找到1255篇论文。在剔除重复和质量评估后，46篇纳入系统评价，19篇纳入meta分析。数据提取:两位研究人员在数据库中独立搜索了以下关键词:“维生素C”、“维生素E”、“维生素A”、“类胡萝卜素”、“抗氧化剂”、“硒”、“镁”、“铜”、“锌”、“抗坏血酸”、“生育酚”、“肥胖”、“超重”、“儿童”、“儿科”和“青春期”。研究中包括了研究肥胖和抗氧化状态之间关系的文章。排除了动物研究、介入性研究、病例研究、病例报告和无关研究。研究小组使用STROBE(加强流行病学观察性研究报告)检查表确定研究质量。采用指数(I2)评价研究的异质性，采用漏斗图和Begg’s和Egger’s检验评价扩散偏倚概率。
{"title":"The Association Between Antioxidant Status and Excess Weight in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Bahareh Vard, Maryam Mahdieh, Roya Riahi, M. Heidari-Beni, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.962.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.962.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity with its complications has increased in the world. Obesity, along with antioxidants deficiency (due to an unhealthy diet), might change the balance in favor of oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the literature on the relationship between obesity and antioxidant status through a systematic review and meta-analysis Results: β-Carotene levels was significantly lower in obese children than non-obese ones (mean difference: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.09-0.16, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=85%). There was a significant difference between obese and non-obese children in both α-tocopherol (pooled mean difference respectively: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.04-0.96, P<0.001 ) with non-significant heterogeneity (P>0.05, I2=0.0% ) and α-tocopherol per lipoid (pooled mean difference: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.28-0.55, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P=0.048, I2=58.8%). There was no significant association between vitamin E level and obesity (pooled mean difference: 0.40, 95%CI: -0.05-0.85, P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=84.5%). There was significant association between zinc, magnesium, copper, and selenium level and obesity (P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001). Conclusions: This review revealed a significant inverse relationship between childhood obesity and serum antioxidant levels. More studies are necessary to find the underlying mechanisms and clinical impacts of this finding. Data Sources: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed among English language articles published until September 2020 without any time limit. An electronic search was conducted in international databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane. Study Selection: First, 1255 papers were found. After removing duplicates and quality assessment, 46 were used in the systemic review, and 19 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. Data Extraction: Two researchers independently searched the following keywords in the databases: “Vitamin C”, “Vitamin E”, “Vitamin A”, “Carotenoids”, “Antioxidants”, “Selenium”, “Magnesium”, “Copper”, “Zinc”, “Ascorbic acid”, “Tocopherol”, “Obesity”, “Overweight”, “Childhood”, “Pediatric”, and “Adolescence”. Articles that examined the association between obesity and antioxidant status were included in the study. The research on animals, interventional studies, case studies, case reports, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The research team determined the quality of studies using the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using index (I2) and probability of diffusion bias by funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Golbabaei, Sara Memarian, M. Naemi, A. Rastgar, B. Gharib, Mohamad Taghi Majnoon
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations (VGAMs) are severe and rare congenital brain vasculature anomalies, which causes high mortality and morbidity in fetuses, neonates, and infants. It can be identified in the pregnancy period with fetal echocardiography. We report a case of VGAMs with severe cardiac manifestations in the fetus of a pregnant woman at the 28th week of gestational age.
{"title":"Cardiac Involvement in a Fetus With Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Case Report","authors":"A. Golbabaei, Sara Memarian, M. Naemi, A. Rastgar, B. Gharib, Mohamad Taghi Majnoon","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.880.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.880.1","url":null,"abstract":"Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations (VGAMs) are severe and rare congenital brain vasculature anomalies, which causes high mortality and morbidity in fetuses, neonates, and infants. It can be identified in the pregnancy period with fetal echocardiography. We report a case of VGAMs with severe cardiac manifestations in the fetus of a pregnant woman at the 28th week of gestational age.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-514536/V1
T. Chahkandi, B. Bijari, Niloofar Hamidi Laeen, Sayed Shaban, Emad Asgari Jafarabadi
Background: Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in phenylalanine metabolism with a global prevalence of 1 in 10000. Delayed initiation of dietary modification leads to brain injury and cognitive and behavioral problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the demographic and social factors affecting metabolic control of patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytic study which was performed during summer 2019, 32 out of 37 known children and adolescents having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province were assessed. The age of patients, the gender of patients, parents` marital status, parents` occupational status, parents` educational level, the distance between home and phenylketonuria clinic, and the number of affected siblings having phenylketonuria were documented. We were not able to contact five patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was considered as p <0.05.Results: 32 patients with a mean age of 6.6±4.7 years were enrolled in this study. 23 of them were male (71.9%) and 9 patients were females (28.1%). The mean phenylalanine level in this study group was 8.1±5.2 mg/dl. The disease was optimally controlled in 14 patients (43.3%) and poorly controlled in 18 of them (56.3%). There was not any statistically significant relation between the metabolic control of the disease and any of the assessed social and demographic factors.Conclusion: The disease was properly controlled in 43.3% of the assessed population, and 56.3% had poor metabolic control. There was not any statistically significant relation between the metabolic control of patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province and assessed demographic and social. As the number of known cases in South Khorasan province is limited, small sample size could be one of the main limitations of our study.
{"title":"Assessing Phenylalanine Blood Level in Children Having Phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province, and Determining the Affecting Social and Demographic Factors","authors":"T. Chahkandi, B. Bijari, Niloofar Hamidi Laeen, Sayed Shaban, Emad Asgari Jafarabadi","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-514536/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-514536/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in phenylalanine metabolism with a global prevalence of 1 in 10000. Delayed initiation of dietary modification leads to brain injury and cognitive and behavioral problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the demographic and social factors affecting metabolic control of patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytic study which was performed during summer 2019, 32 out of 37 known children and adolescents having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province were assessed. The age of patients, the gender of patients, parents` marital status, parents` occupational status, parents` educational level, the distance between home and phenylketonuria clinic, and the number of affected siblings having phenylketonuria were documented. We were not able to contact five patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was considered as p <0.05.Results: 32 patients with a mean age of 6.6±4.7 years were enrolled in this study. 23 of them were male (71.9%) and 9 patients were females (28.1%). The mean phenylalanine level in this study group was 8.1±5.2 mg/dl. The disease was optimally controlled in 14 patients (43.3%) and poorly controlled in 18 of them (56.3%). There was not any statistically significant relation between the metabolic control of the disease and any of the assessed social and demographic factors.Conclusion: The disease was properly controlled in 43.3% of the assessed population, and 56.3% had poor metabolic control. There was not any statistically significant relation between the metabolic control of patients having phenylketonuria in Southern Khorasan Province and assessed demographic and social. As the number of known cases in South Khorasan province is limited, small sample size could be one of the main limitations of our study.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45012004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Pegah Nasiri, Azam Nahvi
Context: Stainless Steel Crowns (SSC) are stable and durable restorations and a valuable technique in repairing deciduous teeth with extensive caries. Nickel and chromium are the main composing elements of SSCs, i.e. released in the oral environment; they can cause allergic reactions, especially in nickel-sensitive children. The symptoms of these reactions include gingival edema and the loss of alveolar bone. Evidence Acquisition: The required data used in our review were searched from articles published until 2020 and collected from online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using “Nickel, Allergy, and SSCs” keywords. Articles concerning SSCs and their application, nickel allergy released from crowns, and their symptoms were included in this study. After the abstract screening, we recalled relevant studies for full-text review. Results: We are exposed to nickel every day in various forms; some individuals present hypersensitivity reactions when exposed to the slightest amounts of this metal. Nickel is a base metal and among the elements used in SSCs. Nickel is released from SSCs during the corrosion process in the oral environment. Excessively released nickel ions cause chronic fatigue syndrome, sensitive lymph nodes, muscle aches, and headaches. Conclusions: The amount of nickel released from SSCs is less than the number of other sources; thus, the immunological reactions of a large percentage of the population to this excess amount of nickel ions in the bloodstream are normal and cause no severe problems.
{"title":"Nickel Sensitivity in Children Due to Using Stainless Steel Crowns: A Narrative Review","authors":"Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Pegah Nasiri, Azam Nahvi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.2.870.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.2.870.2","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Stainless Steel Crowns (SSC) are stable and durable restorations and a valuable technique in repairing deciduous teeth with extensive caries. Nickel and chromium are the main composing elements of SSCs, i.e. released in the oral environment; they can cause allergic reactions, especially in nickel-sensitive children. The symptoms of these reactions include gingival edema and the loss of alveolar bone. Evidence Acquisition: The required data used in our review were searched from articles published until 2020 and collected from online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using “Nickel, Allergy, and SSCs” keywords. Articles concerning SSCs and their application, nickel allergy released from crowns, and their symptoms were included in this study. After the abstract screening, we recalled relevant studies for full-text review. Results: We are exposed to nickel every day in various forms; some individuals present hypersensitivity reactions when exposed to the slightest amounts of this metal. Nickel is a base metal and among the elements used in SSCs. Nickel is released from SSCs during the corrosion process in the oral environment. Excessively released nickel ions cause chronic fatigue syndrome, sensitive lymph nodes, muscle aches, and headaches. Conclusions: The amount of nickel released from SSCs is less than the number of other sources; thus, the immunological reactions of a large percentage of the population to this excess amount of nickel ions in the bloodstream are normal and cause no severe problems.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47340316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mojibi, Shabnam Ghazanfari-Sarabi, S. M. B. Hashemi-Soteh
Context: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism, in which newborns cannot metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Increased phenylalanine in untreated patients with PKU can cause serious intellectual disability; its onerous financial burden also falls on societies. This review study aimed to systematically indicate the frequency of PKU worldwide. We also intended to highlight the global prevalence of PKU, which might shed light on better clinical management and screening programs. Methods: In this systematic review, two electronic databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for the related literature using relevant keywords: “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU” and “Prevalence” or “Incidence” and “Iran” or “Middle East” or “Europe” or “America” or “Asia.” Accordingly, 4306 reports conducted on PKU from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrieved. With the removal of 44 duplicated publications, 44 reports were included in the current systematic review. Prevalence and incidence rates were categorized based on different continents in which nations used various NBS programs to report the incidence and prevalence of PKU. Non-English, non-eligible, duplicated, animal, and in vitro studies are excluded. Results: Based on the reported quantitative data, the prevalence of PKU diagnosed worldwide ranged from 0.00044% to 0.02736% in which Italy possessed the highest prevalence; however, Thailand manifested the lowest prevalence rate. However, for some countries, such as India or Finland, either the related data to the frequency of PKU was outdated or overlooked applying any newborn screening programs respecting PKU. Conclusions: The current study revealed an elevated prevalence of PKU in Iran, compared with other Asian countries; thus, it demands a more serious management program. Moreover, the high prevalence of PKU in European countries should not be underestimated.
{"title":"The Prevalence and Incidence of Congenital Phenylketonuria in 59 Countries: A Systematic Review","authors":"N. Mojibi, Shabnam Ghazanfari-Sarabi, S. M. B. Hashemi-Soteh","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.2.826.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.2.826.2","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism, in which newborns cannot metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Increased phenylalanine in untreated patients with PKU can cause serious intellectual disability; its onerous financial burden also falls on societies. This review study aimed to systematically indicate the frequency of PKU worldwide. We also intended to highlight the global prevalence of PKU, which might shed light on better clinical management and screening programs. Methods: In this systematic review, two electronic databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for the related literature using relevant keywords: “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU” and “Prevalence” or “Incidence” and “Iran” or “Middle East” or “Europe” or “America” or “Asia.” Accordingly, 4306 reports conducted on PKU from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrieved. With the removal of 44 duplicated publications, 44 reports were included in the current systematic review. Prevalence and incidence rates were categorized based on different continents in which nations used various NBS programs to report the incidence and prevalence of PKU. Non-English, non-eligible, duplicated, animal, and in vitro studies are excluded. Results: Based on the reported quantitative data, the prevalence of PKU diagnosed worldwide ranged from 0.00044% to 0.02736% in which Italy possessed the highest prevalence; however, Thailand manifested the lowest prevalence rate. However, for some countries, such as India or Finland, either the related data to the frequency of PKU was outdated or overlooked applying any newborn screening programs respecting PKU. Conclusions: The current study revealed an elevated prevalence of PKU in Iran, compared with other Asian countries; thus, it demands a more serious management program. Moreover, the high prevalence of PKU in European countries should not be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41636635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Heidari-Beni, Roya Riahi, Fatemeh Mohebpour, M. Khademian, R. Kelishadi
Context: There has been an increasing interest in epidemiological and clinical studies concerning the role of uric acid in cardiometabolic diseases, especially in children and adolescents. However, these potential relationships remain undiscovered; accordingly, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unrecognized. This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The data of 595 individuals aged 7-18 years were assessed in this research. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed according to standardized protocols. Results: The Mean±SD age of the 595 explored students was 12.39±3.07 years. The overall Mean±SD SUA level of the study participants was measured as 4.22±1.13 mg/dL, with significant gender-wise differences (4.04±0.97 mg/dL vs 4.38±1.24 mg/dL, respectively; P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperuricemia based on the 90th percentile of SUA levels was equal to 10.6%. There was a positive association between SUA levels and abdominal obesity (waist circumference: ≥90th percentile) [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.26 to 1.86] and general obesity [gender-specific Body Mass Index (BMI) for >95th percentile] (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.74 to 3.11). Conclusions: This study suggested BMI and waist circumference as cardiometabolic risk factors, i.e. significantly associated with SUA levels in children and adolescents.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Iranian Children and Adolescents","authors":"M. Heidari-Beni, Roya Riahi, Fatemeh Mohebpour, M. Khademian, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.2.950.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.2.950.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: There has been an increasing interest in epidemiological and clinical studies concerning the role of uric acid in cardiometabolic diseases, especially in children and adolescents. However, these potential relationships remain undiscovered; accordingly, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unrecognized. This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The data of 595 individuals aged 7-18 years were assessed in this research. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed according to standardized protocols. Results: The Mean±SD age of the 595 explored students was 12.39±3.07 years. The overall Mean±SD SUA level of the study participants was measured as 4.22±1.13 mg/dL, with significant gender-wise differences (4.04±0.97 mg/dL vs 4.38±1.24 mg/dL, respectively; P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperuricemia based on the 90th percentile of SUA levels was equal to 10.6%. There was a positive association between SUA levels and abdominal obesity (waist circumference: ≥90th percentile) [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.26 to 1.86] and general obesity [gender-specific Body Mass Index (BMI) for >95th percentile] (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.74 to 3.11). Conclusions: This study suggested BMI and waist circumference as cardiometabolic risk factors, i.e. significantly associated with SUA levels in children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47994867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Karami, Mohammad Naderisorki, M. Ghasemi, Mobin Ghazaiean
One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.
{"title":"Pancytopenia as a Presentation of Iron Deficiency: A Case Report","authors":"H. Karami, Mohammad Naderisorki, M. Ghasemi, Mobin Ghazaiean","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.2.786.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.2.786.2","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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