Abstract:AbstractHistorically, Ireland has not been associated with dining excellence. However, in 2011, the editor of Le Guide du Routard, Pierre Josse, noted that the Irish dining experience was as good, if not better, than anywhere in the world. This was a signal achievement for, as Josse also observed the disastrous nature of Irish public dining thirty years ago, when they first started the Irish edition. Thus it may come as a surprise to many that Ireland had a previous ‘golden age’ of haute cuisine—the benchmark for which was set by Restaurant Jammet which traded in Dublin between 1901 and 1967. Indeed, Ireland experienced an influx of gastro-tourists during ‘the Emergency’ (1939–45), and in the 1950s, The Russell Restaurant joined Restaurant Jammet as one of the most outstanding restaurants in Europe. In addition, both Dublin and Shannon airports housed two of Ireland's finest restaurants in the early 1960s. Cashel, Co. Tipperary, had two Michelin-starred restaurants during the early 1980s. From 1975 to 1988 Cork was the centre of fine dining in Ireland. The opening of Roscoffs in Belfast in 1989 spawned a cluster of Michelin-starred restaurants in Northern Ireland. Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud in Dublin was awarded its first Michelin star also in 1989, signalling a rebirth of fine-dining restaurants in the capital. This paper will discuss the history of Ireland's haute cuisine restaurants, identifying the various phases that led to our current standing: equal to if not better than any global competitors.
摘要:从历史上看，爱尔兰并没有与卓越的餐饮联系在一起。然而，2011年，《旅行指南》(Le Guide du Routard)的编辑皮埃尔·约塞(Pierre Josse)指出，爱尔兰的用餐体验与世界上任何地方一样好，甚至更好。这是一个标志性的成就，因为30年前，当他们第一次创办爱尔兰版公共餐饮时，乔斯也注意到了爱尔兰公共餐饮的灾难性。因此，很多人可能会感到惊讶，爱尔兰之前有一个高级烹饪的“黄金时代”，其基准是由1901年至1967年在都柏林经营的Jammet餐厅设定的。事实上，爱尔兰在“紧急情况”(1939-45)期间经历了大量美食游客的涌入。在20世纪50年代，罗素餐厅(the Russell Restaurant)与Jammet餐厅(Restaurant Jammet)一起成为欧洲最杰出的餐厅之一。此外，在20世纪60年代初，都柏林和香农机场都有两家爱尔兰最好的餐馆。在20世纪80年代初，蒂珀雷里的Cashel Co.有两家米其林星级餐厅。从1975年到1988年，科克是爱尔兰高级餐饮的中心。1989年，Roscoffs在贝尔法斯特开业，在北爱尔兰催生了一批米其林星级餐厅。都柏林的Patrick Guilbaud餐厅也在1989年获得了第一颗米其林星，标志着首都高级餐厅的重生。本文将讨论爱尔兰高级美食餐厅的历史，确定导致我们目前地位的各个阶段:等于，如果不是比任何全球竞争对手更好。
{"title":"Haute cuisine restaurants in nineteenth and twentieth century Ireland","authors":"Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire","doi":"10.1353/ria.2015.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ria.2015.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:AbstractHistorically, Ireland has not been associated with dining excellence. However, in 2011, the editor of Le Guide du Routard, Pierre Josse, noted that the Irish dining experience was as good, if not better, than anywhere in the world. This was a signal achievement for, as Josse also observed the disastrous nature of Irish public dining thirty years ago, when they first started the Irish edition. Thus it may come as a surprise to many that Ireland had a previous ‘golden age’ of haute cuisine—the benchmark for which was set by Restaurant Jammet which traded in Dublin between 1901 and 1967. Indeed, Ireland experienced an influx of gastro-tourists during ‘the Emergency’ (1939–45), and in the 1950s, The Russell Restaurant joined Restaurant Jammet as one of the most outstanding restaurants in Europe. In addition, both Dublin and Shannon airports housed two of Ireland's finest restaurants in the early 1960s. Cashel, Co. Tipperary, had two Michelin-starred restaurants during the early 1980s. From 1975 to 1988 Cork was the centre of fine dining in Ireland. The opening of Roscoffs in Belfast in 1989 spawned a cluster of Michelin-starred restaurants in Northern Ireland. Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud in Dublin was awarded its first Michelin star also in 1989, signalling a rebirth of fine-dining restaurants in the capital. This paper will discuss the history of Ireland's haute cuisine restaurants, identifying the various phases that led to our current standing: equal to if not better than any global competitors.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"8 1","pages":"371 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76025664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/priac.2019.119.03
Colum Kenny
Abstract:From 1542 until 1885 any person wishing to practise at the Irish bar was obliged by law first to attend an inn of court in London. The unionist Edward Carson is said to have described the requirement as ‘one of the badges of servitude of the Irish nation’. This paper offers an overview of the long relationship between the four English inns of court and Ireland, charting its impact by reference to the number and types of persons attending them and highlighting individuals who were admitted there. The paper contextualises the related role of King's Inns, Dublin, as well as the political developments that formed a backdrop to the presence of Irish people at the inns of court in London. Given the prominent role of lawyers in Irish political life, the requirement had an impact well beyond the legal sphere.
{"title":"‘Badge of servitude’? The Irish at England's inns of court","authors":"Colum Kenny","doi":"10.3318/priac.2019.119.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/priac.2019.119.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:From 1542 until 1885 any person wishing to practise at the Irish bar was obliged by law first to attend an inn of court in London. The unionist Edward Carson is said to have described the requirement as ‘one of the badges of servitude of the Irish nation’. This paper offers an overview of the long relationship between the four English inns of court and Ireland, charting its impact by reference to the number and types of persons attending them and highlighting individuals who were admitted there. The paper contextualises the related role of King's Inns, Dublin, as well as the political developments that formed a backdrop to the presence of Irish people at the inns of court in London. Given the prominent role of lawyers in Irish political life, the requirement had an impact well beyond the legal sphere.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"115 1","pages":"199 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79139700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:AbstractDetails of daily life such as food and drink can be difficult to capture in prehistory, especially on an island with a temperate climate and covered mainly by acidic soils: plant remains will only survive through charring or water-logging, whilst animal bone frequently dissolves unless calcined. At the molecular level, however, a host of biochemical and isotopic signatures exist indicating what our prehistoric antecedents ate and drank. The most robust of these biomarkers are lipids, commonly found absorbed into the clay matrix of pottery vessels—the residues of meals sometimes many thousands of years old. The wet, acidic conditions that accelerate the decay of so much prehistoric organic matter fortunately preserve these lipid residues exceedingly well. This paper details the results of a recent programme of molecular and compound-specific stable isotope analysis on lipids from nearly 500 Irish Neolithic vessels, providing unparalleled insights into the diet, and food procurement and processing activities of our earliest farming communities.
{"title":"The molecules of meals: new insight into Neolithic foodways","authors":"J. Smyth, R. Evershed","doi":"10.1353/ria.2015.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ria.2015.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:AbstractDetails of daily life such as food and drink can be difficult to capture in prehistory, especially on an island with a temperate climate and covered mainly by acidic soils: plant remains will only survive through charring or water-logging, whilst animal bone frequently dissolves unless calcined. At the molecular level, however, a host of biochemical and isotopic signatures exist indicating what our prehistoric antecedents ate and drank. The most robust of these biomarkers are lipids, commonly found absorbed into the clay matrix of pottery vessels—the residues of meals sometimes many thousands of years old. The wet, acidic conditions that accelerate the decay of so much prehistoric organic matter fortunately preserve these lipid residues exceedingly well. This paper details the results of a recent programme of molecular and compound-specific stable isotope analysis on lipids from nearly 500 Irish Neolithic vessels, providing unparalleled insights into the diet, and food procurement and processing activities of our earliest farming communities.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"24 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81682745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.08
S. Hegarty
Abstract:George Victor Du Noyer (1817–69) was among the surveyors employed by the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) shortly after its foundation in 1845. He was one of several men—antiquarians, artists, recorders of nineteenth century life— whose interest went beyond geology. This paper explores Du Noyer's development as a geologist, and his transformation from artist to geologist. It discusses Du Noyer's career in both the Ordnance and the Geological Surveys and considers his relationships with his superiors—relationships that were at times marked by a profound loyalty, while at other times involving a certain amount of tension, and always driven by the personalities involved. The paper also considers the motivation behind Du Noyer's presentation of albums of sketches to the Royal Irish Academy.
{"title":"George Victor Du Noyer's career in the Ordnance and Geological Surveys (1835–69): geologist by profession, artist by temperament","authors":"S. Hegarty","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:George Victor Du Noyer (1817–69) was among the surveyors employed by the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) shortly after its foundation in 1845. He was one of several men—antiquarians, artists, recorders of nineteenth century life— whose interest went beyond geology. This paper explores Du Noyer's development as a geologist, and his transformation from artist to geologist. It discusses Du Noyer's career in both the Ordnance and the Geological Surveys and considers his relationships with his superiors—relationships that were at times marked by a profound loyalty, while at other times involving a certain amount of tension, and always driven by the personalities involved. The paper also considers the motivation behind Du Noyer's presentation of albums of sketches to the Royal Irish Academy.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"44 5-6","pages":"271 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72482575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/PRIAC.2021.121.01
Bhreathnach, Dowling
Abstract:This paper is a case study of the medieval settlement of Ferns, Co. Wexford, in the south-east of Ireland, with particular reference to the twelfth-century Augustinian foundation of St Mary's Abbey. The study explores an interdisciplinary approach to Ferns in which the evidence of archaeology, geophysical surveys and historical sources are combined to produce a comprehensive profile of the canons' foundation and its environs. Ferns was chosen for various reasons. Historical references associated with an existing early medieval church are relatively wide-ranging with the survival of three versions of the life of St Máedóc, its patron saint. The place's secular importance as the chief seat of an important dynasty, the Uí Chennselaig, probably began in the tenth century but is notably evident in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It is one of the very few twelfth-century Irish foundations for which the transcript of an original charter survives, that of Diarmait mac Murchada, king of Leinster's charter to the Augustinian canons of St Mary's dating to 1160/2. In addition, the site's archaeology and history suggests that reorganisation of ecclesiastical settlements formed an essential part of the transformation of the Irish church during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and that planning this reorganisation was to the forefront of royal and church politics alike.
摘要:本文以爱尔兰东南部韦克斯福德郡(Ferns, Co. Wexford)的中世纪定居点为例，特别参考了12世纪奥古斯丁(augustine)建立的圣玛丽修道院(St Mary’s Abbey)。该研究探索了一种跨学科的方法来研究蕨类植物，其中考古证据，地球物理调查和历史资料相结合，产生了一个关于经典基础及其周边地区的综合概况。选择蕨类植物有多种原因。与现存的中世纪早期教堂相关的历史参考文献相对广泛，其守护神圣Máedóc的生活有三个版本。作为一个重要王朝Uí Chennselaig的主要所在地，这个地方的世俗重要性可能始于10世纪，但在11世纪和12世纪尤为明显。这是12世纪爱尔兰为数不多的保留了原始宪章文本的基金会之一，这是伦斯特国王Diarmait mac Murchada的宪章，该宪章可追溯到1160/2年的圣玛丽的奥古斯丁教义。此外，该遗址的考古和历史表明，教会定居点的重组是12世纪和13世纪爱尔兰教会转型的重要组成部分，而这一重组的规划是皇室和教会政治的前沿。
{"title":"Forming an episcopal see and an Augustinian foundation in medieval Ireland: the case of Ferns, Co. Wexford","authors":"Bhreathnach, Dowling","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2021.121.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2021.121.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper is a case study of the medieval settlement of Ferns, Co. Wexford, in the south-east of Ireland, with particular reference to the twelfth-century Augustinian foundation of St Mary's Abbey. The study explores an interdisciplinary approach to Ferns in which the evidence of archaeology, geophysical surveys and historical sources are combined to produce a comprehensive profile of the canons' foundation and its environs. Ferns was chosen for various reasons. Historical references associated with an existing early medieval church are relatively wide-ranging with the survival of three versions of the life of St Máedóc, its patron saint. The place's secular importance as the chief seat of an important dynasty, the Uí Chennselaig, probably began in the tenth century but is notably evident in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It is one of the very few twelfth-century Irish foundations for which the transcript of an original charter survives, that of Diarmait mac Murchada, king of Leinster's charter to the Augustinian canons of St Mary's dating to 1160/2. In addition, the site's archaeology and history suggests that reorganisation of ecclesiastical settlements formed an essential part of the transformation of the Irish church during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and that planning this reorganisation was to the forefront of royal and church politics alike.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"126 1","pages":"191 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72576609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/PRIAC.2011.111.253
R. McManus
Abstract:Ireland experienced dramatic political, social and economic change in the twentieth century, of which the shift from a majority rural to a majority urban population was one of the most notable. These changes are reflected in the nature and form of the built environment. In this essay, the evolution of urban and suburban housing during Ireland's first urban century is considered. Existing patterns of unplanned middleclass suburban expansion were supplemented, from the 1920s, by a programme of planned working-class suburbanization. State intervention thus impacted on the location and form of new housing estates, while layouts owed much to the early British town-planning movement. High levels of owner-occupation in Ireland, the combined result of government policy and individual preference, were also reflected in a preference for particular housing forms. The predominance of the standardised three-or four-bedroom, semi-detached or detached house, was not challenged until the 1990s when there was a surge in apartment provision, largely driven by tax incentives. Changing norms in terms of housing size, facilities and design were shaped by the standards adopted by government and local authorities, as well as to the pressures of the speculative building process.
{"title":"Suburban and urban housing in the twentieth century","authors":"R. McManus","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2011.111.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2011.111.253","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ireland experienced dramatic political, social and economic change in the twentieth century, of which the shift from a majority rural to a majority urban population was one of the most notable. These changes are reflected in the nature and form of the built environment. In this essay, the evolution of urban and suburban housing during Ireland's first urban century is considered. Existing patterns of unplanned middleclass suburban expansion were supplemented, from the 1920s, by a programme of planned working-class suburbanization. State intervention thus impacted on the location and form of new housing estates, while layouts owed much to the early British town-planning movement. High levels of owner-occupation in Ireland, the combined result of government policy and individual preference, were also reflected in a preference for particular housing forms. The predominance of the standardised three-or four-bedroom, semi-detached or detached house, was not challenged until the 1990s when there was a surge in apartment provision, largely driven by tax incentives. Changing norms in terms of housing size, facilities and design were shaped by the standards adopted by government and local authorities, as well as to the pressures of the speculative building process.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"253 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/PRIC.2002.102.1.47
J. Holmes
Abstract:Open-aır preaching was a familiar sight on the streets of mid-nıneteenth-century Belfast and was conducted by all of the town's main Protestant denominations. While ıt was generally tolerated, ın the early autumn of 1857 an open-air sermon preached by the Reverend Hugh Hanna provoked a large-scale rıot. Why was this? Earlıer in the summer the parades and services surrounding the Twelfth of July Orange Order celebrations had provoked extensıve rioting and forced magistrates to cancel several open-air services. Hanna's service was quickly subsumed withın these existing community tensions. The attıtudes of the two major protagonısts only exacerbated the situation. To Hanna and hıs supporters, open-air preaching was evidence of the right of Protestants to practise their faith freely; to Catholics it was an intolerable nuisance, designed to harass them. Thus, the 1857 riots should be explained as the result not only of a battle for territorıal control of Belfast, but also of conflicting opınıons concernıng the acceptability of public manıfestations of religious belief wıthin divided communities.
{"title":"The Role of Open-Air Preaching in the Belfast Riots of 1857","authors":"J. Holmes","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2002.102.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2002.102.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Open-aır preaching was a familiar sight on the streets of mid-nıneteenth-century Belfast and was conducted by all of the town's main Protestant denominations. While ıt was generally tolerated, ın the early autumn of 1857 an open-air sermon preached by the Reverend Hugh Hanna provoked a large-scale rıot. Why was this? Earlıer in the summer the parades and services surrounding the Twelfth of July Orange Order celebrations had provoked extensıve rioting and forced magistrates to cancel several open-air services. Hanna's service was quickly subsumed withın these existing community tensions. The attıtudes of the two major protagonısts only exacerbated the situation. To Hanna and hıs supporters, open-air preaching was evidence of the right of Protestants to practise their faith freely; to Catholics it was an intolerable nuisance, designed to harass them. Thus, the 1857 riots should be explained as the result not only of a battle for territorıal control of Belfast, but also of conflicting opınıons concernıng the acceptability of public manıfestations of religious belief wıthin divided communities.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"76 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80790050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/priac.2021.121.09
B. Coghlan, B. Randell, Paul Hockie, Trish Gonzalez, David McQuillan, Reddy O'Regan
Abstract:A greatly expanded treatment is presented of the history of the family, life and work of Percy Ludgate, nearly 50 years after the 1971 and 1982 papers by Brian Randell revealed his work on a mechanical computer, and almost 100 years after Ludgate's death. The new material that has recently been obtained about this successor of Charles Babbage includes two very significant discoveries. The first is of a hitherto unknown contemporary published description of Ludgate's Analytical Machine, incorporating the only surviving drawing of it yet found; the second is of American descendants of Ludgate's niece, who have been allowed to erect a commemorative headstone on his previously unmarked grave.This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License. Open Access funding provided by IReL.
{"title":"Percy Ludgate (1883–1922), Ireland's first computer designer","authors":"B. Coghlan, B. Randell, Paul Hockie, Trish Gonzalez, David McQuillan, Reddy O'Regan","doi":"10.3318/priac.2021.121.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/priac.2021.121.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A greatly expanded treatment is presented of the history of the family, life and work of Percy Ludgate, nearly 50 years after the 1971 and 1982 papers by Brian Randell revealed his work on a mechanical computer, and almost 100 years after Ludgate's death. The new material that has recently been obtained about this successor of Charles Babbage includes two very significant discoveries. The first is of a hitherto unknown contemporary published description of Ludgate's Analytical Machine, incorporating the only surviving drawing of it yet found; the second is of American descendants of Ludgate's niece, who have been allowed to erect a commemorative headstone on his previously unmarked grave.This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License. Open Access funding provided by IReL.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"14 1","pages":"303 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/PRIC.2003.103.1.191
Garrett FitzGerald
Abstract:The object of this paper is to provide detailed geographical data on the level of Irish-speaking amongst those who were aged 60 or more in 1911, these being survivors of the generation born during or not long before the Famine. Whilst some of those born during this period who were brought up as Irish-speakers in areas within which subsequent generations no longer spoke the language will have lost their command of Irish later in life, these data are presented as offering at least a minimum figure for Irish-speaking in each area in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. The use of data from the 1911 census in respect of dispensary districts and the smaller district electoral divisions provides a much more detailed indication of the geographical spread of the language during the period in question than could be provided by my earlier paper on this subject. That paper, offering data in respect of those born in each of the decades between 1770 and 1870, was based on age data for Irish-speaking from the 1851 to 1881 censuses of population-and those earlier censuses provided data only in respect of much larger geographical areas, viz. baronies. The validity of the 1911 census 60+ data as a method of deriving estimates of Irish-speaking in the period before the Famine is discussed. The pattern and scale of monoglot Irish-speaking in 1911 amongst those aged 60 and over is also presented.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/pric.2004.104.1.131
P. Harbison
Abstract:This is a partial reconstruction of an antiquarian sketching tour of counties Wicklow and Wexford undertaken in 1780 by the artists John James Barralet and Gabriel Beranger at the behest of William Burton Conyngham who, on behalf of the Hibernian Antiquarian Society, wanted to have their work engraved in a series of volumes intended to highlight Irish antiquities. Its literary base includes excerpts from Beranger's diary already recorded by Sir William Wilde in the 1870s, and a hitherto unrecognised descriptive Catalogue of places visited. Visually, it uses engravings from Grose's Antiquities of Ireland based on artwork from the tour, as well as drawings, copies and plans from the Cooper Collection acquired by the National Library of Ireland in 1994. The collection includes some original Barralet watercolours published here for the first time.
摘要:这是艺术家John James Barralet和Gabriel Beranger在William Burton Conyngham的委托下，于1780年对Wicklow和Wexford郡进行的古文物素描之旅的部分重建，William Burton Conyngham代表爱尔兰古文物协会，希望将他们的作品刻在一系列旨在突出爱尔兰古文物的卷中。它的文学基础包括威廉·王尔德爵士在19世纪70年代记录的贝兰杰日记的摘录，以及迄今为止未被认可的访问地点的描述性目录。从视觉上看，它使用了格罗斯的《爱尔兰古物》(Antiquities of Ireland)中的版画，这些版画是根据这次旅行中的艺术品制作的，还有1994年爱尔兰国家图书馆(National Library of Ireland)收购的库珀收藏(Cooper Collection)中的图纸、副本和平面图。该系列包括一些原始的Barralet水彩画首次在这里出版。
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