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Poverty Effects of Remittances: Evidence in CEE Countries 汇款对贫困的影响:中东欧国家的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.24
Mindaugas Butkus, Kristina Matuzevičiūtė, Kotryna Raupytė
The countries with a transition economy in the EU have experienced rapid growth of labour migration and remittance flows during the last two decades. Remittances are improving household economic welfare, so it is important to evaluate how these financial flows may affect the poverty situation, as CEE countries are facing levels of poverty and inequality way above the EU average. The paper examines the impact of remittances on poverty, using the panel of seven CEE countries considered as advanced transition economies over the period of 2006-2015. Pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and 3-stage least squared estimators are used to estimate the poverty effects of remittances. The results show that remittances have a significant impact on three out of four poverty measures. Taking into consideration the endogeneity problem, it is estimated that a 10-per cent increase in remittances to GDP ratio will lead to a decline, on average, by 5.5 per cent in poverty headcount, and also by 3.7 per cent in poverty gap and 0.6 per cent in the risk of poverty. These results can be important for defining the policy measures on providing more efficient management of remittances.
在过去二十年中,欧盟经济转型国家经历了劳动力移民和汇款流动的快速增长。汇款正在改善家庭经济福利,因此评估这些资金流动如何影响贫困状况很重要,因为中东欧国家面临的贫困和不平等程度远高于欧盟平均水平。本文利用2006-2015年期间被视为发达转型经济体的七个中东欧国家组成的小组,研究了汇款对贫困的影响。综合OLS、固定效应、随机效应和三阶段最小二乘估计量用于估计汇款的贫困效应。结果表明,汇款对四分之三的贫困衡量标准产生了重大影响。考虑到内生性问题,估计汇款与国内生产总值之比增加10%将导致贫困人口平均减少5.5%,贫困差距减少3.7%,贫困风险减少0.6%。这些结果对于确定更有效地管理汇款的政策措施具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Development, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth: Evidence from ECOWAS Countries 金融发展、制度质量与经济增长——来自西非经共体国家的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.20
Michael Appiah, Fanglin Li, Doreen Idan Frowne
Most of the literature that explored the relationship between financial development and economic growth taking into consideration the roles played by institutional quality in the ECOWAS region still debates on the roles of institutional quality on economic growth. This study used data from 1996-2017 for 15 emerging economies within the ECOWAS by applying two-step SYS GMM (SGMM) estimators. The following conclusions were developed: first, the study discovered that financial development has no significant and positive impact on economic growth in the ECOWAS region. Secondly, regulatory quality and control of corruption, which are considered as institutional quality variables, have opposing results with control of corruption reducing growth as well as regulatory quality variable increasing growth. Again, the results indicate that capital formation has a positive association with growth and labor force influencing growth negatively. Finally, due to a lack of proper corruption control systems in the region and poor financial sector development, growth cannot improve.
在西非经共体地区,大多数探讨金融发展与经济增长之间关系的文献都考虑了制度质量对经济增长的作用,但仍在讨论制度质量对经济增长的作用。本研究使用了西非经共体内15个新兴经济体1996-2017年的数据,采用了两步SYS GMM (SGMM)估计器。研究得出以下结论:第一,研究发现金融发展对西非经共体地区经济增长没有显著的正向影响。其次,作为制度质量变量的监管质量和对腐败的控制,其结果是相反的,腐败控制抑制增长,而监管质量变量促进增长。结果再次表明,资本形成与经济增长呈正相关,而劳动力对经济增长的影响为负。最后,由于该地区缺乏适当的腐败控制系统和金融部门发展不佳,增长无法改善。
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引用次数: 18
Equilibrium and the Adjustment Process in the Number and Scope of Co-operatives in Morocco 摩洛哥合作社数量和范围的平衡和调整过程
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.27
Adil Outla, M. Hamzaoui
The paper discusses the government policy that encourages the emergence of co-operatives and analyzes the co-operatives in light of their growth in number. It establishes a static equilibrium and highlights the co-operatives’ adjustment process (dynamic equilibrium).The methodology/approach consists of the development of a theoretical model, using the Nash equilibrium for the co-operative market, and the determination of a static equilibrium. It presents the data which includes variable measurements for the adjustment process for agricultural, artisanal, and fishery co-operatives in order to analyze the stochastic process of entry-and-exit flow of co-operatives. Accordingly, the paper estimates the co-operatives’ growth index speed of adjustment (SOA) as a function of the mean-reversion Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process.The theoretical results indicate that co-operatives’ earnings depend on the number of co-operatives, market-demand, and the capacity constraint. They also show that the margin for new entrants is a dynamic gap that especially depends on demand, capacity constraint and the profits. The empirical results indicate that co-operatives growth-index process is significantly mean reverting for all sectors, and the speed of adjustment for artisanal co-operatives is significantly higher than for those in agriculture and the fisheries.
本文论述了政府鼓励合作社发展的政策,并从合作社发展的角度对合作社进行了分析。它建立了一个静态均衡,突出了合作社的调整过程(动态均衡)。方法论/方法包括开发一个理论模型,使用合作市场的纳什均衡,以及确定静态均衡。本文通过对农业、手工业和渔业合作社调整过程的变量测量数据,分析了合作社进出流动的随机过程。据此,本文估计合作社的成长指数调整速度(SOA)是均值回归Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU)过程的函数。理论结果表明,合作社的收益取决于合作社数量、市场需求和能力约束。它们还表明,新进入者的利润率是一个动态差距,尤其取决于需求、产能约束和利润。实证结果表明,所有行业的合作社增长指数过程均显著均值回归,且个体合作社的调整速度显著高于农业和渔业合作社。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic Orientation of Mexican Family-owned Businesses and Its Influence on Corporate Social Responsibility Practices 墨西哥家族企业的战略取向及其对企业社会责任实践的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.26
J. L. Aguilar, Argentina Soto Maciel, José Luis Zapata Sánchez, María de Jesús Pérez Hervert
The aim of this article was to determine whether the strategic orientation of family-owned businesses influences Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 245 family-owned businesses in the southern part of the southeastern Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Variables attributed to CSR measurements were environment, society, employees, and customers, as well as business-level strategies of prospector, analyzer, defender, and reactor as defined by Miles and Snow. Results showed that family-owned businesses with a strategic orientation as prospector and analyzer have higher development levels of CSR practices, reactor businesses demonstrated lower development levels of CSR practices. Prospector and analyzer businesses tend to be product developers and innovators in their respective markets.
本文的目的是确定家族企业的战略取向是否会影响企业社会责任实践。为此,对墨西哥东南部金塔纳罗奥州南部245家家族企业的样本进行了问卷调查。CSR测量的变量包括环境、社会、员工和客户,以及Miles和Snow定义的探矿者、分析者、捍卫者和反应者的业务层面策略。结果表明,具有战略导向的家族企业作为探矿者和分析者,其企业社会责任实践的发展水平较高,反应堆企业的企业社会责任行为的发展水平较低。勘探和分析企业往往是各自市场的产品开发人员和创新者。
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引用次数: 0
Does Corruption Act as a Deterrent to Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries? 腐败是否对发展中国家的外国直接投资起到威慑作用?
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.21
Sanjib Guha, Niazur Rahim, B. Panigrahi, A. Ngo
Developing countries institute policies to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) that promotes growth and development. Corruption disrupts and complicates the implementation of policies that govern the inflows of FDI and the operations of foreign firms; such interference with policies is more than likely to disrupt and lower the inflows of FDI. This paper evaluates whether or not corruption reduces inflows of FDI into each and every developing country. Our study shows that developing countries with high growth rate (> 6% annual GDP growth) attract more FDI than countries with low growth rates although they are both steeped in corruption. Multi-national Corporations (MNCs) seem willing to cope with corruption in countries with high growth rates.
发展中国家制定吸引外国直接投资的政策,促进增长和发展。腐败破坏和复杂化了管理外国直接投资流入和外国公司业务的政策的执行;这种对政策的干预很可能会扰乱和降低外国直接投资的流入。本文评估了腐败是否会减少流入每个发展中国家的外国直接投资。我们的研究表明,高增长率的发展中国家(GDP年增长率为6%)比低增长率的国家吸引了更多的外国直接投资,尽管它们都深陷腐败。跨国公司(MNCs)似乎愿意应对高增长率国家的腐败问题。
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引用次数: 2
Pricing Efficiency of Exchange Traded Funds in India 印度交易所交易基金的定价效率
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.33
Y. Reddy, P. Dhabolkar, Vidya Prabhodini
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have two prices, the market price and the net asset value (NAV) price. ETFs NAV price gets determined by the net value of the constituent assets, whereas the market price of ETFs depends upon the number of units bought or sold on the stock exchange during trading hours. As per the law of one price, the NAV and market price of the ETF should be the same. However, due to demand and supply forces, the market price may divert from its NAV. This price difference may have significant repercussions to investors, as it represents a cost if they buy overvalued ETF shares or sell undervalued ETF shares. Pricing efficiency is the speed at which the market makers correct the deviations between ETFs NAV and market price. The present study attempts to investigate the pricing efficiency of Indian equity ETFs employing an autoregression model over its price deviation, and also attempts to understand the lead-lag relationship between the price and NAV using the vector error correction model (VECM).
交易所交易基金(ETF)有两种价格,市场价格和资产净值(NAV)价格。ETF的NAV价格由组成资产的净值决定,而ETF的市场价格取决于交易时间内在证券交易所买卖的单位数量。根据一个价格定律,ETF的资产净值和市场价格应该是相同的。然而,由于需求和供应的力量,市场价格可能会偏离其NAV。这种价格差异可能会对投资者产生重大影响,因为如果他们购买估值过高的ETF股票或出售估值过低的ETF股票,这将是一种成本。定价效率是指做市商纠正ETF NAV和市场价格之间偏差的速度。本研究试图使用自回归模型研究印度股票ETF的定价效率及其价格偏差,并试图使用向量误差校正模型(VECM)了解价格与NAV之间的超前-滞后关系。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Organizational Characteristics, CEO Education, and Firm Ownership on the Adoption and Effectiveness of High Performance Work System in Vietnam 组织特征、CEO教育、企业所有权对越南高绩效工作系统采用与有效性的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2020.11.25
T. Phuong
In spite of tremendous research on the relationship between HPWS and firm performance, a paucity of them has examined the antecedent of HPWS. Data were collected from CEOs and HRM managers from 311 firms including state-owned, private and foreign invested enterprises. Multiple regression analysis suggests that (1) firm characteristics (firm capital, firm age) and CEO’s education were positively associated with the adoption of Ability-Motivation-Opportunity bundles of HPWS, (2) HPWS were positively associated with firm performance, and (3) ownership style moderates the relationship between HPWS and firm performance in different manners. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
尽管对HPWS与企业绩效之间的关系进行了大量的研究,但很少有人研究HPWS的前因。数据来自311家公司的首席执行官和人力资源管理经理,包括国有、私营和外资企业。多元回归分析表明:(1)企业特征(企业资本、企业年龄)和CEO教育程度与HPWS能力-动机-机会捆绑包的采用呈正相关;(2)HPWS与企业绩效呈正相关。讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 7
The Role of Trust in Mexican Companies in Relation to the Human Factor 信任在墨西哥公司中与人的因素有关的作用
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2019.10.13
María Teresa De la Garza Carranza, Jorge Armando López-Lemus, Eugenio Guzmán Soria, Delfino Vargas Chanes
The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of trust in Mexican companies in relation to organizational factors, the leadership and career satisfaction of employees. To achieve this objective, a quantitative method of structural model equations was used. The sample consisted of 181 individuals working in service businesses, manufacturing and public service mainly. The study was done in the central part of Mexico. The study results show a positive correlation of trust of employees towards their managers related with benevolence and integrity. With regard to the relation with organizational factors, a strong relationship was found between trust and leadership but not with the policies related to management of employees. Finally, a weak relationship between leadership and career satisfaction of employees was confirmed. Through the model analyzed, it can be stated that the culture plays an important role for the development of trust in organizations. Also, recommendations for policy makers, such as ways of increasing feedback through employees, are presented.
本研究的目的是分析信任在墨西哥公司中与组织因素、员工的领导和职业满意度有关的作用。为了实现这一目标,采用了结构模型方程的定量方法。样本包括181名主要在服务业、制造业和公共服务行业工作的个人。这项研究是在墨西哥中部进行的。研究结果表明,员工对管理者的信任程度与管理者的仁慈和诚信呈正相关。在与组织因素的关系方面,信任与领导的关系较强,而与员工管理相关的政策关系不强。最后,证实了领导力与员工职业满意度之间存在微弱的关系。通过模型分析,可以看出文化对组织信任的发展起着重要的作用。此外,还向政策制定者提出了建议,例如通过员工增加反馈的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Agency Costs on Firm Performance: Evidence from Vietnam 代理成本对企业绩效的影响:来自越南的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2019.10.15
Le Duc Hoang, T. M. Tuan, Pham Van Nha, T. T. Phuong
An assumption in agency costs theory is that agency costs can exert a negative impact on firm performance. In this study, we examine the impact of agency costs on firm performance of Vietnamese listed companies. Our sample includes 736 companies in Vietnam during the period om 2010 to 2015. We find that agency costs exert a negative impact on firm performance. Our results are robust to alternative econometric models, including an instrumental variables technique and a system generalized method of moment model. In addition, we show that a debt instrument can be a useful tool to reduce the negative impact of agency costs on firm performance.
代理成本理论中的一个假设是,代理成本会对企业绩效产生负面影响。本文研究了代理成本对越南上市公司绩效的影响。我们的样本包括2010年至2015年期间在越南的736家公司。我们发现代理成本对企业绩效有负向影响。我们的结果对其他计量模型具有鲁棒性,包括工具变量技术和系统广义矩模型方法。此外,我们表明债务工具可以是一个有用的工具,以减少代理成本对企业绩效的负面影响。
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引用次数: 13
It is Domestic, it Must Be Healthy: How Health Consciousness and Consumer Ethnocentrism Shape Healthiness Perception and Purchase Intentions of Domestic Food 是国产的,必须是健康的:健康意识和消费者民族中心主义如何塑造国产食品的健康认知和购买意愿
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15388/omee.2019.10.10
Elze Uzdavinyte, Martin Aubel, Justina Gineikienė
Consumer ethnocentrism (CET), healthiness perception and health consciousness have been extensively researched in regard to consumer food choices. Literature on domestic food choices provides evidence that CET positively affects consumer preferences toward domestic food. However, the effect of health consciousness on domestic food choices has not yet received a ention. Our online study (N=227, convenience sample from Lithuanian population) closes this gap by showing that health consciousness is an important individual trait in domestic food choices beyond consumer ethnocentrism and represents the first study to analyze CET in light of food healthiness perception. All constructs were measured using established self-report scales. Empirical results obtained through structural equation modelling show that (1) health consciousness increases healthiness perception and willingness to buy domestic food. Moreover, (2) health consciousness is an important individual trait in domestic food choices beyond CET; (3) healthiness perception of domestic food has an impact on consumer purchase decisions; (4) CET has a positive impact on domestic food healthiness perception. The study provides managerial implications for domestic and foreign producers.
消费者民族中心主义(CET)、健康感知和健康意识在消费者食品选择方面得到了广泛的研究。关于国内食品选择的文献提供了证据,证明CET积极影响消费者对国内食品的偏好。然而,健康意识对国内食品选择的影响尚未得到重视。我们的在线研究(N=227,来自立陶宛人口的便利样本)缩小了这一差距,表明健康意识是消费者民族中心主义之外的重要个体特征,是根据食品健康感知分析CET的第一项研究。所有构念均采用既定的自我报告量表进行测量。通过结构方程建模得到的实证结果表明:(1)健康意识增加了健康感知和购买国产食品的意愿。此外,(2)健康意识是CET以外国内食品选择的重要个体特征;(3)国产食品健康感知对消费者购买决策有影响;(4) CET对国内食品健康感知有正向影响。该研究为国内外生产商提供了管理启示。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies
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