M. Michalides, Š. Čorňák, J. Jelínek, R. Janoušková, L. Hujo, J. Nosian
Abstract The presented work investigates the degradation of an ecological energy carrier in the form of changes in its properties, which was subjected to dynamic loading through a test device in laboratory conditions. The primary goal was to describe the degradation process itself in terms of obtained data through the analysis of kinematic viscosity, water content, acidity number, and X-ray spectrometry. The process was focused on monitoring the values of increase in contaminants and monitoring the values of changes that occurred in case of additives. The ecological energy carrier in the form of transmission-hydraulic fluid was cyclically loaded in a time interval of 200 working hours, while a time interval of every 25 working hours was used when a sample was taken and subsequently analysed. From the obtained data, it can be concluded that during the degradation process, there were no significant changes in the observed properties of the liquid, chemical composition, or additives. For this reason, further measurements of the ecological energy carrier were subsequently carried out. The influence of the given energy carrier on the change in the flow rate of a new type of hydraulic pump with external gearing was also monitored.
{"title":"Degradation of Ecological Energy Carriers Under Cyclic Pressure Loading","authors":"M. Michalides, Š. Čorňák, J. Jelínek, R. Janoušková, L. Hujo, J. Nosian","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presented work investigates the degradation of an ecological energy carrier in the form of changes in its properties, which was subjected to dynamic loading through a test device in laboratory conditions. The primary goal was to describe the degradation process itself in terms of obtained data through the analysis of kinematic viscosity, water content, acidity number, and X-ray spectrometry. The process was focused on monitoring the values of increase in contaminants and monitoring the values of changes that occurred in case of additives. The ecological energy carrier in the form of transmission-hydraulic fluid was cyclically loaded in a time interval of 200 working hours, while a time interval of every 25 working hours was used when a sample was taken and subsequently analysed. From the obtained data, it can be concluded that during the degradation process, there were no significant changes in the observed properties of the liquid, chemical composition, or additives. For this reason, further measurements of the ecological energy carrier were subsequently carried out. The influence of the given energy carrier on the change in the flow rate of a new type of hydraulic pump with external gearing was also monitored.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"173 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, we evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of materials based on polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using the thermogravimetric analysis and impulse excitation technique. The results show that even if the melted input material together with the pressure of ~4 MPa was used to produce the samples, we can find small cavities around the sand grains in the samples. In case of thermal stability, the results show that in case of HDPE + PET combination, higher temperature should be used. Besides that, the results show that sand should increase the Young’s modulus of the samples from recycled materials.
{"title":"Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Materials with Adverse Effect on the Environment","authors":"Ladislav Smutný, I. Vitázek, J. Mareček","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of materials based on polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using the thermogravimetric analysis and impulse excitation technique. The results show that even if the melted input material together with the pressure of ~4 MPa was used to produce the samples, we can find small cavities around the sand grains in the samples. In case of thermal stability, the results show that in case of HDPE + PET combination, higher temperature should be used. Besides that, the results show that sand should increase the Young’s modulus of the samples from recycled materials.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"79 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article deals with the adjustment of the flow rate of milk and water by a plate heat exchanger, which is used for precooling milk. First, measurements of the parameters of the device in the stable were carried out. Subsequently, the plate heat exchanger was measured in the laboratory. Water at 35 °C was used instead of milk. Different flow ratios of cooling water and cooled water (instead of milk) were set. From the measured values, changes in the temperature of cooled water were calculated depending on its flow rate at a constant ratio of cooling water and cooled water. It was found that in the measured range, there are flow values at which temperature change is maximal. This dependence applies to all selected cooling water and cooled water flow ratios: (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2.). The results show that with the same amount of cooling water, it is possible to achieve greater cooling of milk by 0.7 to 1.6 °C, or to achieve a reduction in water consumption. The device on the farm was modified to allow the flow of milk and cooling water to be changed. The optimal values found were set, and verification measurements were performed. The saving of 4.8% of cooling water was confirmed.
{"title":"Optimization of the Plate Heat Exchanger Used for Milk Precooling","authors":"J. Fryč, J. Kudělka, J. Los, T. Koutny, V. Kebo","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with the adjustment of the flow rate of milk and water by a plate heat exchanger, which is used for precooling milk. First, measurements of the parameters of the device in the stable were carried out. Subsequently, the plate heat exchanger was measured in the laboratory. Water at 35 °C was used instead of milk. Different flow ratios of cooling water and cooled water (instead of milk) were set. From the measured values, changes in the temperature of cooled water were calculated depending on its flow rate at a constant ratio of cooling water and cooled water. It was found that in the measured range, there are flow values at which temperature change is maximal. This dependence applies to all selected cooling water and cooled water flow ratios: (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2.). The results show that with the same amount of cooling water, it is possible to achieve greater cooling of milk by 0.7 to 1.6 °C, or to achieve a reduction in water consumption. The device on the farm was modified to allow the flow of milk and cooling water to be changed. The optimal values found were set, and verification measurements were performed. The saving of 4.8% of cooling water was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"115 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49583875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Digging holes for planting, which is a minimal tillage method, is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular hole diggers operate intermittently to give low productivity, and this problem can be solved by continuous hole digging machine with active tillage unit. On the basis of established principles, the kinematics of machine and its optimal parameters have been studied and determined. This paper presents the results of the study on dynamics of a tractor combined with a continuous excavator, as a basis for determining the combination’s working parameters, such as the speed of the unit and the number of rows. The experimental data on digger’s drag torque and the characteristics of Kubota B2530 tractor are the basis for simulating the working process at different speeds. The inequality of rotation speed and the moment of engine crankshaft is determined. Aggregates with single-row digger work stably in gears P1 to P6, while with double-row digger, stable operation is in gears P1 to P5. The productivity of a continuous operating digger is superior to that of an intermittent operating one. A continuous operating digger can reach 3500 pits·hour-1 with a double-row or 2400 pits·hour-1 with a single-row tractor aggregate.
{"title":"Dynamics of Tractor Aggregated with Continuously Operating Planting Hole Digger","authors":"H. Beloev, N. Long, Dau The Nhu","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digging holes for planting, which is a minimal tillage method, is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular hole diggers operate intermittently to give low productivity, and this problem can be solved by continuous hole digging machine with active tillage unit. On the basis of established principles, the kinematics of machine and its optimal parameters have been studied and determined. This paper presents the results of the study on dynamics of a tractor combined with a continuous excavator, as a basis for determining the combination’s working parameters, such as the speed of the unit and the number of rows. The experimental data on digger’s drag torque and the characteristics of Kubota B2530 tractor are the basis for simulating the working process at different speeds. The inequality of rotation speed and the moment of engine crankshaft is determined. Aggregates with single-row digger work stably in gears P1 to P6, while with double-row digger, stable operation is in gears P1 to P5. The productivity of a continuous operating digger is superior to that of an intermittent operating one. A continuous operating digger can reach 3500 pits·hour-1 with a double-row or 2400 pits·hour-1 with a single-row tractor aggregate.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"72 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48459379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research aims to study the effect of the number of harvest rows under two digging depths and cultivars on the quality of harvesting potatoes (damage and losses). The experiment was factorial, using a randomised complete block design with split-split plot design and three replications for each treatment. The two types of potatoes were placed in the main plot, the type of digger in the secondary split plot, and the depth of digging in the split-split plot. The results showed no significant differences between the potato diggers in most of the studied traits. However, the two-row potato digger recorded better results than the one-row potato digger, with 83.60% undamaged tubers (UD) for the two-row digger compared to 81.07% for the one-row digger. The potato cultivar Actras achieved the highest percentage of UD and total harvesting tubers with 85.18% and 98.22%, respectively, compared to the potato cultivar Arizona with 79.49% and 95.00%. The interaction of the Actras cultivar with the two-row potato digger and a depth of 25 cm was superior and recorded the lowest percentage of bruised tubers (3.99%) and total crop losses (7.88%).
{"title":"Study of the Effect of Potato Lifter Line on Some Properties at Different Depths and Varieties of Potato Crop","authors":"O. M. Tofeq","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research aims to study the effect of the number of harvest rows under two digging depths and cultivars on the quality of harvesting potatoes (damage and losses). The experiment was factorial, using a randomised complete block design with split-split plot design and three replications for each treatment. The two types of potatoes were placed in the main plot, the type of digger in the secondary split plot, and the depth of digging in the split-split plot. The results showed no significant differences between the potato diggers in most of the studied traits. However, the two-row potato digger recorded better results than the one-row potato digger, with 83.60% undamaged tubers (UD) for the two-row digger compared to 81.07% for the one-row digger. The potato cultivar Actras achieved the highest percentage of UD and total harvesting tubers with 85.18% and 98.22%, respectively, compared to the potato cultivar Arizona with 79.49% and 95.00%. The interaction of the Actras cultivar with the two-row potato digger and a depth of 25 cm was superior and recorded the lowest percentage of bruised tubers (3.99%) and total crop losses (7.88%).","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45822592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khozhakeldi Tanbayev, S. Nukeshev, T. Engin, Bakhitbek Saktaganov
Abstract This paper deals with the investigation of the performance of a nozzle used for intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF), determination of the range of spray angle, fall angle, droplet size, spray distribution characteristics, and substantiation of its dependence on the nozzle design parameters. The proposed nozzle has a jet-impact channel and deflector slot design with very compact overall dimensions. It can be mounted on a deep tillage knife (wing) with a height of 12–14 mm and provides flat fan spray with a high spraying angle. The following range of effective parameters has been determined: the feed channel diameter is 1–1.6 mm, the slot height is 0.35–0.7 mm, and impact surface diameter 5–8 mm. The resultant spray angle is 170–175°, and the fall angle diapason is 5–10°. These parameters contribute to determination of the tillage knife design parameters such as knife height and the height of spray window, as well as the nozzle installation parameters such as t, n and m in future studies. The results can be useful for nozzle industries, particularly in developing the flat fan nozzles with wide spray angle. Overall, the nozzle design is applicable to use for intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizes with deep tillage knives.
{"title":"Flat Spray Nozzle for Intra-Soil Application of Liquid Mineral Fertilizers","authors":"Khozhakeldi Tanbayev, S. Nukeshev, T. Engin, Bakhitbek Saktaganov","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the investigation of the performance of a nozzle used for intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF), determination of the range of spray angle, fall angle, droplet size, spray distribution characteristics, and substantiation of its dependence on the nozzle design parameters. The proposed nozzle has a jet-impact channel and deflector slot design with very compact overall dimensions. It can be mounted on a deep tillage knife (wing) with a height of 12–14 mm and provides flat fan spray with a high spraying angle. The following range of effective parameters has been determined: the feed channel diameter is 1–1.6 mm, the slot height is 0.35–0.7 mm, and impact surface diameter 5–8 mm. The resultant spray angle is 170–175°, and the fall angle diapason is 5–10°. These parameters contribute to determination of the tillage knife design parameters such as knife height and the height of spray window, as well as the nozzle installation parameters such as t, n and m in future studies. The results can be useful for nozzle industries, particularly in developing the flat fan nozzles with wide spray angle. Overall, the nozzle design is applicable to use for intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizes with deep tillage knives.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"65 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mikuš, I. Kovač, J. Žarnovský, Juraj Baláži, Katarzyna Midor
Abstract The article deals with the process of surface remelting of steel 41CrAlMo7 by electric arc (TIG) in the presence of powders with a defined chemical composition. Commercially available powders Pulnierpulver based on calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) (source of nitrogen) and Durborit G based on boron carbide B4C (source of boron) were remelted. The effect of remelting on the change of microstructure in the remelted area was examined to achieve an increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear. The measurements of the hardness of HV 1 were carried out, as well as determination of resistance to abrasive wear on the abrasive cloth with Al2O3 particles. The microstructures of remelted layers were observed by LOM and details by SEM. By remelting the examined steel, a significant increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear was achieved to a depth of up to 1.5 mm from the surface. An almost four times increase in hardness and an almost two times increase in wear resistance was found when remelting the Pulnierpulver powder, or more than three times increase in hardness and more than 1.5 times increase in resistance to abrasive wear when remelting the Durborit G powder compared to steel without remelting. The presented procedure of TIG surface remelting of powders containing a certain element represents a cheap, accessible, and fast way of creating surface layers with increased hardness and wear resistance. The method is applicable for increasing the wear resistance of functional parts of machines for agriculture, earthmoving, etc.
{"title":"Creating Wear-Resistant Layers on 41CrAlMo7 Steel Using Tig Surface Remelting","authors":"R. Mikuš, I. Kovač, J. Žarnovský, Juraj Baláži, Katarzyna Midor","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with the process of surface remelting of steel 41CrAlMo7 by electric arc (TIG) in the presence of powders with a defined chemical composition. Commercially available powders Pulnierpulver based on calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) (source of nitrogen) and Durborit G based on boron carbide B4C (source of boron) were remelted. The effect of remelting on the change of microstructure in the remelted area was examined to achieve an increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear. The measurements of the hardness of HV 1 were carried out, as well as determination of resistance to abrasive wear on the abrasive cloth with Al2O3 particles. The microstructures of remelted layers were observed by LOM and details by SEM. By remelting the examined steel, a significant increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear was achieved to a depth of up to 1.5 mm from the surface. An almost four times increase in hardness and an almost two times increase in wear resistance was found when remelting the Pulnierpulver powder, or more than three times increase in hardness and more than 1.5 times increase in resistance to abrasive wear when remelting the Durborit G powder compared to steel without remelting. The presented procedure of TIG surface remelting of powders containing a certain element represents a cheap, accessible, and fast way of creating surface layers with increased hardness and wear resistance. The method is applicable for increasing the wear resistance of functional parts of machines for agriculture, earthmoving, etc.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"84 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant is derived from a centrifugal chiller air conditioning system as an alternative to a diesel replacement modular power plant due to its low cost compared to ORC’s manufacture. Biomass is used as a heat source for the power plant to utilize a vast amount of biomass in Indonesia. Research is performed by designing an ORC with biomass that produces around 200 kWe. Simulation done by Microsoft Excel and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Lemmon et al., 2013) add-on from the National Institute of Standard Technology (NIST) is used to simulate operating conditions and performance parameters to find a suitable specification of an HVAC system to be modified as an ORC with biomass fuel. Furthermore, based on input from the simulation result and assumptions, other simulation is performed to define operating conditions and types of working fluids, giving the lowest purchase equipment cost. The operating condition analysis of working fluids shows that R123 and R245fa are suitable to be utilized as a potential working fluid for ORC power plants with biomass fuel.
有机朗肯循环(ORC)电厂是由离心式冷水机组空调系统发展而来的，由于其制造成本较低，可以替代柴油替代的模块化电厂。在印度尼西亚，生物质被用作发电厂的热源，以利用大量的生物质。研究是通过设计一个产生约200千瓦时生物质的ORC来进行的。使用Microsoft Excel和参考流体热力学和传输特性数据库(Lemmon et al.， 2013)以及国家标准技术研究所(NIST)的附加组件进行模拟，以模拟操作条件和性能参数，以找到合适的HVAC系统规格，将其修改为使用生物质燃料的ORC。此外，根据模拟结果和假设的输入，进行其他模拟以确定操作条件和工作流体类型，从而获得最低的购买设备成本。工质工况分析表明，R123和R245fa适合作为生物质燃料ORC电厂的潜在工质。
{"title":"Thermoeconomic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle From Napier Grass Biomass","authors":"D. Permana, D. Rusirawan, I. Farkas","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant is derived from a centrifugal chiller air conditioning system as an alternative to a diesel replacement modular power plant due to its low cost compared to ORC’s manufacture. Biomass is used as a heat source for the power plant to utilize a vast amount of biomass in Indonesia. Research is performed by designing an ORC with biomass that produces around 200 kWe. Simulation done by Microsoft Excel and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Lemmon et al., 2013) add-on from the National Institute of Standard Technology (NIST) is used to simulate operating conditions and performance parameters to find a suitable specification of an HVAC system to be modified as an ORC with biomass fuel. Furthermore, based on input from the simulation result and assumptions, other simulation is performed to define operating conditions and types of working fluids, giving the lowest purchase equipment cost. The operating condition analysis of working fluids shows that R123 and R245fa are suitable to be utilized as a potential working fluid for ORC power plants with biomass fuel.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"99 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43630359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper is focused on steel surface processing to ensure an improved adhesion of applied powder layer. Mechanical pre-treatment, chemical pre-treatment and their combination were used to compare their results with each other and to find out the pre-treatment that affected the final outcome the most. The final score was determined by the grid method. The outcome displayed a huge mutual dependency between the result and a kind of various surface treatments. The method with no pre-treatment was by far the worst, followed by the mechanical pre-treatment only, followed by the chemical pre-treatment only, and finally by their combination. The time of blasting affects the final outcome. Through the grid method, coating thickness, and aesthetic test it was confirmed that an optimal blasting time of 5 min provides the best outcome.
{"title":"Determining the Suitability of Various Surface Treatment Methods with the Control of Blasting Time with Respect to the Quality of Powder Coating","authors":"Michal Neškudla, Lukáš Jeníček, J. Malaťák","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper is focused on steel surface processing to ensure an improved adhesion of applied powder layer. Mechanical pre-treatment, chemical pre-treatment and their combination were used to compare their results with each other and to find out the pre-treatment that affected the final outcome the most. The final score was determined by the grid method. The outcome displayed a huge mutual dependency between the result and a kind of various surface treatments. The method with no pre-treatment was by far the worst, followed by the mechanical pre-treatment only, followed by the chemical pre-treatment only, and finally by their combination. The time of blasting affects the final outcome. Through the grid method, coating thickness, and aesthetic test it was confirmed that an optimal blasting time of 5 min provides the best outcome.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"92 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Dudar, I. Shuvar, H. Korpita, V. Balkovskyi, Bogdan Shuvar, A. Shuvar, R. Kropyvnytskyi
Abstract The article presents the results of studying the influence of tillage methods on the number of bacteria and fungi in the arable soil layer, nutrient indicators, and, consequently, the yield of Trifolium pratense. The purpose of the study is to determine how tillage affects the feeding regime and yield of Trifolium pratense. The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Educational and Scientific Research Center of Lviv National Environmental University. For the study of microorganisms in the arocenosis of meadow clover, soil samples were taken using a cylindrical drill from arable (0–20 cm) and sub-soil (20–40 cm) layers with an average weight of an individual sample of 300 g. For microbiological analysis, average samples from five individual samples were prepared. The isolation of the main agronomically useful groups of microorganisms from the soil was carried out by the method of microbiological sowing of soil extracts on solid nutrient media: for fungi – wort-agar, for bacteria – meat-peptone agar (MPA). The dilution of the soil extract for fungi and bacteria was, respectively, 1 : 1000; 1 : 100000. Microbiological seeding was performed in triplicate. The calculation of the total number of microorganisms in the soil was carried out by Tepper´s method. The yield of crops and the results of laboratory studies were processed by the method of variance analysis. The application of a tiered tillage allowed to increase the yield of Trifolium pratense green mass by 4.5 t·ha−1 (+17.0%) compared to the control (conventional plowing). It is established that tier ploughing with the PYA-4-40 plough promotes uniform distribution of nutrients in the arable soil layer and formation of homogeneous soil fertility. In such a soil environment, much more favorable conditions are created for the development of microflora and more intensive microbiological processes compared to the options of chisel and conventional (control) tillage, and, consequently, the formation of high yields of green Trifolium pratense.
{"title":"The Effect of Tillage Method on the Nutrient Regime of Soil during the Growing of Trifolium pratense","authors":"I. Dudar, I. Shuvar, H. Korpita, V. Balkovskyi, Bogdan Shuvar, A. Shuvar, R. Kropyvnytskyi","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of studying the influence of tillage methods on the number of bacteria and fungi in the arable soil layer, nutrient indicators, and, consequently, the yield of Trifolium pratense. The purpose of the study is to determine how tillage affects the feeding regime and yield of Trifolium pratense. The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Educational and Scientific Research Center of Lviv National Environmental University. For the study of microorganisms in the arocenosis of meadow clover, soil samples were taken using a cylindrical drill from arable (0–20 cm) and sub-soil (20–40 cm) layers with an average weight of an individual sample of 300 g. For microbiological analysis, average samples from five individual samples were prepared. The isolation of the main agronomically useful groups of microorganisms from the soil was carried out by the method of microbiological sowing of soil extracts on solid nutrient media: for fungi – wort-agar, for bacteria – meat-peptone agar (MPA). The dilution of the soil extract for fungi and bacteria was, respectively, 1 : 1000; 1 : 100000. Microbiological seeding was performed in triplicate. The calculation of the total number of microorganisms in the soil was carried out by Tepper´s method. The yield of crops and the results of laboratory studies were processed by the method of variance analysis. The application of a tiered tillage allowed to increase the yield of Trifolium pratense green mass by 4.5 t·ha−1 (+17.0%) compared to the control (conventional plowing). It is established that tier ploughing with the PYA-4-40 plough promotes uniform distribution of nutrients in the arable soil layer and formation of homogeneous soil fertility. In such a soil environment, much more favorable conditions are created for the development of microflora and more intensive microbiological processes compared to the options of chisel and conventional (control) tillage, and, consequently, the formation of high yields of green Trifolium pratense.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"26 1","pages":"29 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：