Renske M. Verweij, Gert Stulp, H. Snieder, M. Mills
Abstract:Although there are well-established relationships between women's higher education, labour force participation (LFP), and occupation on the one hand and childlessness on the other hand in the US, the underlying reasons and the role that childlessness desires and expectations play remain unclear. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in the United States (N=4,198 women) and apply both logistic regression models to examine the role of childlessness desires early in life, and multilevel models for repeated measures to examine the role of childlessness expectations throughout the life course. We find that higher educational attainment and LFP are positively associated with childlessness. We do not find, however, that higher educated and working women more often desire or expect to remain childless. In contrast, we find that among women who ultimately remain childless, those women who work fulltime and have higher status occupations have higher expectations to have children throughout their life course. These results suggest that education and occupation produce constraints, resulting in the postponement of childbearing which hinders women in realizing their desires and expectations. Since many working women remain childless despite the desire and expectation to become a mother, our findings stress the importance of work-life reconciliation. It furthermore highlights the importance of increasing public awareness regarding the decrease in fecundity with age.
{"title":"Explaining the Associations of Education and Occupation with Childlessness: The Role of Desires and Expectations to Remain Childless","authors":"Renske M. Verweij, Gert Stulp, H. Snieder, M. Mills","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although there are well-established relationships between women's higher education, labour force participation (LFP), and occupation on the one hand and childlessness on the other hand in the US, the underlying reasons and the role that childlessness desires and expectations play remain unclear. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in the United States (N=4,198 women) and apply both logistic regression models to examine the role of childlessness desires early in life, and multilevel models for repeated measures to examine the role of childlessness expectations throughout the life course. We find that higher educational attainment and LFP are positively associated with childlessness. We do not find, however, that higher educated and working women more often desire or expect to remain childless. In contrast, we find that among women who ultimately remain childless, those women who work fulltime and have higher status occupations have higher expectations to have children throughout their life course. These results suggest that education and occupation produce constraints, resulting in the postponement of childbearing which hinders women in realizing their desires and expectations. Since many working women remain childless despite the desire and expectation to become a mother, our findings stress the importance of work-life reconciliation. It furthermore highlights the importance of increasing public awareness regarding the decrease in fecundity with age.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"166 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88174810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nusrat Jafrin, Rulia Akhtar, M. M. Masud, Deboshree Ghosh
Abstract:The demographic dividend contributes to a nation’s economic performance by increasing its per capita income, savings and investments. In recent decades, Bangladesh, like other South Asian countries, is passing through its demographic dividend phase, which can promote overall sustainable socioeconomic development of the country. This window of opportunity has a dynamic comparative advantage for Bangladesh compared to its corresponding countries vis-à-vis the youth labour force. This paper conducts a situational analysis of the demographic dividend in Bangladesh by examining data on labour market, savings rate and human capital from different national and international sources. The results from the situational analysis indicate that Bangladesh is yet to realize the demographic bonus. Currently, the country is suffering from higher youth unemployment, lower human capital development, shortage of skilled labour force, lower female labour force participation and fluctuating savings rate, all of which impedes the favorable impact of the demographic dividend on economic growth. The findings of this study depict a path for policymakers and stakeholders to prioritise to fully reap the benefits of the demographic dividend and achieve long-term socioeconomic development of the country.
{"title":"Cashing in on the Demographic Dividend: Is Bangladesh Moving in the Right Direction?","authors":"Nusrat Jafrin, Rulia Akhtar, M. M. Masud, Deboshree Ghosh","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The demographic dividend contributes to a nation’s economic performance by increasing its per capita income, savings and investments. In recent decades, Bangladesh, like other South Asian countries, is passing through its demographic dividend phase, which can promote overall sustainable socioeconomic development of the country. This window of opportunity has a dynamic comparative advantage for Bangladesh compared to its corresponding countries vis-à-vis the youth labour force. This paper conducts a situational analysis of the demographic dividend in Bangladesh by examining data on labour market, savings rate and human capital from different national and international sources. The results from the situational analysis indicate that Bangladesh is yet to realize the demographic bonus. Currently, the country is suffering from higher youth unemployment, lower human capital development, shortage of skilled labour force, lower female labour force participation and fluctuating savings rate, all of which impedes the favorable impact of the demographic dividend on economic growth. The findings of this study depict a path for policymakers and stakeholders to prioritise to fully reap the benefits of the demographic dividend and achieve long-term socioeconomic development of the country.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"142 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper explores the process of transition into adulthood from the foster care system in Poland in the context of the legal and institutional regulations shaping early adulthood. Despite the paradigm shift and the rule of moving away from institutional forms of foster care towards a diverse range of family based forms of care, the transition to adulthood from foster care is still highly institutionalised in Poland. The paper explains how the state, through its legal and institutional means, shapes biographies of care leavers towards the form of adulthood understood as the stage of reaching economic autonomy and starting a family. The paper draws on original qualitative research conducted with care leavers in Poland which was part of the Public policies for completed adulthood. The case of Poland project, which was conducted in 2015–2020 and funded by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN). The results show that the transition from care to adulthood is both accelerated and compressed and is perceived as rapid and chaotic by care leavers, and that the abrupt withdrawal of support makes the Polish care system less effective.
{"title":"The Transition from Foster Care to Adulthood in Poland","authors":"J. Grotowska-Leder, Iwona Kudlińska-Chróścicka","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper explores the process of transition into adulthood from the foster care system in Poland in the context of the legal and institutional regulations shaping early adulthood. Despite the paradigm shift and the rule of moving away from institutional forms of foster care towards a diverse range of family based forms of care, the transition to adulthood from foster care is still highly institutionalised in Poland. The paper explains how the state, through its legal and institutional means, shapes biographies of care leavers towards the form of adulthood understood as the stage of reaching economic autonomy and starting a family. The paper draws on original qualitative research conducted with care leavers in Poland which was part of the Public policies for completed adulthood. The case of Poland project, which was conducted in 2015–2020 and funded by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN). The results show that the transition from care to adulthood is both accelerated and compressed and is perceived as rapid and chaotic by care leavers, and that the abrupt withdrawal of support makes the Polish care system less effective.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"118 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73311254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the 60th Anniversary Issue of Population Review","authors":"W. Haller","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Diter, Claude Martin, Julia Buzaud, Zoé Perron
Abstract:Over the past fifty years, the topic of children’s well-being has garnered attention in political and academic debates. In recent decades, the extensive literature on the topic has documented the numerous determinants of children’s life satisfaction, as well as their relative importance according to cultural contexts. This increasing attention paid to children’s subjective well-being includes consideration of school environments (see for example the ISCWeB study, HBSC study, the advancements of Positive Education, World Happiness Report 2015, etc). Until recently, the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys were mainly focused on well-being as linked with academic and professional achievement. Since 2015, PISA has documented ongoing levels of children’s well-being, and how well-being is influenced by school environments, the quality of children’s relationships with their peers and teachers at school, as well as parental involvement in the lives of their children. This article aims to highlight the impact of school-related determinants on children’s life satisfaction and its variations across social classes. Based on the French part of the PISA 2015 Survey (n=4804), we have identified a two steps expression of inequalities. We begin by showing that class differences influence children’s probability of having both a school environment and peer and parental relationships that enhance their level of life satisfaction. We go on to point out that social inequalities also appear when examining the impact of school-related factors on children’s overall life satisfaction. It seems that school bullying, anxiety and parental involvement in school impact children differently depending on their social background.
{"title":"The Socially Differentiated Impact of School-related Factors on Children’s Life Satisfaction: The French Example","authors":"Kevin Diter, Claude Martin, Julia Buzaud, Zoé Perron","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Over the past fifty years, the topic of children’s well-being has garnered attention in political and academic debates. In recent decades, the extensive literature on the topic has documented the numerous determinants of children’s life satisfaction, as well as their relative importance according to cultural contexts. This increasing attention paid to children’s subjective well-being includes consideration of school environments (see for example the ISCWeB study, HBSC study, the advancements of Positive Education, World Happiness Report 2015, etc). Until recently, the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys were mainly focused on well-being as linked with academic and professional achievement. Since 2015, PISA has documented ongoing levels of children’s well-being, and how well-being is influenced by school environments, the quality of children’s relationships with their peers and teachers at school, as well as parental involvement in the lives of their children. This article aims to highlight the impact of school-related determinants on children’s life satisfaction and its variations across social classes. Based on the French part of the PISA 2015 Survey (n=4804), we have identified a two steps expression of inequalities. We begin by showing that class differences influence children’s probability of having both a school environment and peer and parental relationships that enhance their level of life satisfaction. We go on to point out that social inequalities also appear when examining the impact of school-related factors on children’s overall life satisfaction. It seems that school bullying, anxiety and parental involvement in school impact children differently depending on their social background.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"117 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80464393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Many macro- and micro-level factors affect the spread of an infectious disease. Among them are sociodemographic, socioeconomic, sociocultural, health care system infrastructure, use of alcohol or substances, level of life disruptions because of chronic illnesses. Because of accuracy and timeliness issues, officials are often forced to make one-size-fits-all decisions across all regions. This paper offers a framework to analyze and quantify the interrelationships between a wide set of sociodemographic factors and the transmission speed of the pandemic to facilitate custom-fitted regional containment measures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of a comprehensive set of sociodemographic factors in the diffusion of COVID-19 analytically. Our findings suggest that diverse sets of sociodemographic factors drive the transmission during different stages of the pandemic. In specific, we show that variables such as gender, age groups, daily commuting distances, modes of employment, poverty and transportation means are found to be statistically significant in the transmission speed of COVID-19. Our results do not suggest a statistically significant relationship between transmission speed and migration-related variables. We also find that the importance levels for the statistically significant variables vary across different stages of the pandemic. Our results point out a variety of public policy insights and implications.
{"title":"The Role of Sociodemographic Factors During a Pandemic Outbreak: Aggravators and Mitigators","authors":"Masoud Shahmanzari, E. Eryarsoy","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Many macro- and micro-level factors affect the spread of an infectious disease. Among them are sociodemographic, socioeconomic, sociocultural, health care system infrastructure, use of alcohol or substances, level of life disruptions because of chronic illnesses. Because of accuracy and timeliness issues, officials are often forced to make one-size-fits-all decisions across all regions. This paper offers a framework to analyze and quantify the interrelationships between a wide set of sociodemographic factors and the transmission speed of the pandemic to facilitate custom-fitted regional containment measures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of a comprehensive set of sociodemographic factors in the diffusion of COVID-19 analytically. Our findings suggest that diverse sets of sociodemographic factors drive the transmission during different stages of the pandemic. In specific, we show that variables such as gender, age groups, daily commuting distances, modes of employment, poverty and transportation means are found to be statistically significant in the transmission speed of COVID-19. Our results do not suggest a statistically significant relationship between transmission speed and migration-related variables. We also find that the importance levels for the statistically significant variables vary across different stages of the pandemic. Our results point out a variety of public policy insights and implications.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"386 1","pages":"66 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83303306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper proposes another approach to estimation of adult mortality in developing countries based on the variable-r method. The method derives estimates of adult mortality from the age distributions of two censuses. It is similar to Preston-Bennett method, but uses a slightly different approach to obtain estimates of person-years lived and expectation of life at age x. The proposed method is very simple and estimates from it compare favorably well with estimates from other related methods.
{"title":"Estimation of Adult Mortality in Developing Countries Using an Application Based on the Variable-r Method","authors":"E. C. Nwogu, C. Okoro","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper proposes another approach to estimation of adult mortality in developing countries based on the variable-r method. The method derives estimates of adult mortality from the age distributions of two censuses. It is similar to Preston-Bennett method, but uses a slightly different approach to obtain estimates of person-years lived and expectation of life at age x. The proposed method is very simple and estimates from it compare favorably well with estimates from other related methods.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85949795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Limited information exists on life satisfaction and hope of internally displaced children in conflict-affected areas. Using both the ecological and resilience frameworks on children's well-being, this study investigates the associations between age, gender, parent-child relationship and livelihood support on life satisfaction and hope of conflict affected children. The study focuses on children aged 7-18 years (n=384) within two states in Northeast Nigeria using regression analysis. The children completed a self-report survey addressing diverse questions, such as age, gender, parent-child relationship, family type, relationship to household head, livelihood support, life satisfaction and hope. Parent-child relationship and living within an extended family system were positively associated with higher life satisfaction and higher levels of hope. Economic stress negatively influenced life satisfaction while livelihood support was positively associated with hope. Our findings suggest that intervention programs should focus on both livelihood factors as well as a positive parent-child relationship in order to produce a positive impact on the life satisfaction and hope of displaced children.
{"title":"Life Satisfaction and Hope in Conflict-Displaced Children: Influence of Individual Factors, Microsystem Factors and Humanitarian Interventions","authors":"Esther Ariyo, D. Mortelmans, E. Wouters","doi":"10.1353/prv.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Limited information exists on life satisfaction and hope of internally displaced children in conflict-affected areas. Using both the ecological and resilience frameworks on children's well-being, this study investigates the associations between age, gender, parent-child relationship and livelihood support on life satisfaction and hope of conflict affected children. The study focuses on children aged 7-18 years (n=384) within two states in Northeast Nigeria using regression analysis. The children completed a self-report survey addressing diverse questions, such as age, gender, parent-child relationship, family type, relationship to household head, livelihood support, life satisfaction and hope. Parent-child relationship and living within an extended family system were positively associated with higher life satisfaction and higher levels of hope. Economic stress negatively influenced life satisfaction while livelihood support was positively associated with hope. Our findings suggest that intervention programs should focus on both livelihood factors as well as a positive parent-child relationship in order to produce a positive impact on the life satisfaction and hope of displaced children.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"23 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84744704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of participation right of children in Estonian society from the perspective of adults and children by taking into consideration their sociodemographic background. The study draws on data from Estonia's Second Children's Rights and Parenting Survey (2018; a sample of 1,063 children at age 10–17, and 1,083 adults in the age range of 18–74). The study focused on children's and adults' attitudes, knowledge and experiences concerning children's involvement in decision-making in matters related to children's lives, as expressions of the right of participation. The findings demonstrate the generational and gender differences between children and adults in their perceptions. The study confirms the association between the awareness of children's rights and support to children's possibilities to participate in decision-making in different aspects of life. Furthermore, the analysis shows the importance of the children's own experiences of involvement: children who have more experiences with having a say in issues related to their everyday matters tend to be supportive of the involvement of children.
{"title":"The Perspective of Estonian Children and Adults on Children's Right to Participate in Society","authors":"Andra Reinomägi","doi":"10.1353/PRV.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/PRV.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of participation right of children in Estonian society from the perspective of adults and children by taking into consideration their sociodemographic background. The study draws on data from Estonia's Second Children's Rights and Parenting Survey (2018; a sample of 1,063 children at age 10–17, and 1,083 adults in the age range of 18–74). The study focused on children's and adults' attitudes, knowledge and experiences concerning children's involvement in decision-making in matters related to children's lives, as expressions of the right of participation. The findings demonstrate the generational and gender differences between children and adults in their perceptions. The study confirms the association between the awareness of children's rights and support to children's possibilities to participate in decision-making in different aspects of life. Furthermore, the analysis shows the importance of the children's own experiences of involvement: children who have more experiences with having a say in issues related to their everyday matters tend to be supportive of the involvement of children.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89239156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Children experience poverty differently from adults. This is the fundamental premise of the work to design specific, child-focused policies to eliminate child poverty. Devising, planning, and monitoring the impact of these policies without a proper measure of child poverty is almost impossible. However, most attempts to measure and analyze child poverty are challenged by the steps needed to measure it properly. In this article a solution is offered in this regard. In the context of global efforts, including by governments, to eliminate child poverty, UNICEF has developed a position on how to measure child poverty, based on a few simple and clear principles. These principles are meant to guide the measurement of child poverty. The main objective of this article is to explain and provide a rationale for this position as well as its relationship to related debates on child poverty measurement. Child poverty should be measured at the level of the individual child, not just as a disaggregation by age of household-level or adult-centered measurement. The measurement should be based on constitutive rights of poverty (i.e., those crucially and directly determined by access to material resources) and not on all possible problems children may face. As all rights are equally important, all dimensions should be equally weighted. The measurement should provide the prevalence as well as the depth/breadth/severity of child poverty. There are various groups of children who require different or special goods and services to fulfill the same rights constitutive of poverty as all other children. These needs ought to be incorporated into the measurement (e.g., children with disabilities may require assistive devices or indigenous children may require culturally appropriate learning materials). Implications and opportunities for flexibility and adjustment of such measures at the country level (while applying the principles) are also addressed in this article as well as a description of the most recent estimates of child poverty across developing countries using the same dimensions, indicators and thresholds.
{"title":"Child Rights, Poverty, and Well-being: Measurement Debates and Empirical Advances","authors":"E. Delamónica","doi":"10.1353/PRV.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/PRV.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Children experience poverty differently from adults. This is the fundamental premise of the work to design specific, child-focused policies to eliminate child poverty. Devising, planning, and monitoring the impact of these policies without a proper measure of child poverty is almost impossible. However, most attempts to measure and analyze child poverty are challenged by the steps needed to measure it properly. In this article a solution is offered in this regard. In the context of global efforts, including by governments, to eliminate child poverty, UNICEF has developed a position on how to measure child poverty, based on a few simple and clear principles. These principles are meant to guide the measurement of child poverty. The main objective of this article is to explain and provide a rationale for this position as well as its relationship to related debates on child poverty measurement. Child poverty should be measured at the level of the individual child, not just as a disaggregation by age of household-level or adult-centered measurement. The measurement should be based on constitutive rights of poverty (i.e., those crucially and directly determined by access to material resources) and not on all possible problems children may face. As all rights are equally important, all dimensions should be equally weighted. The measurement should provide the prevalence as well as the depth/breadth/severity of child poverty. There are various groups of children who require different or special goods and services to fulfill the same rights constitutive of poverty as all other children. These needs ought to be incorporated into the measurement (e.g., children with disabilities may require assistive devices or indigenous children may require culturally appropriate learning materials). Implications and opportunities for flexibility and adjustment of such measures at the country level (while applying the principles) are also addressed in this article as well as a description of the most recent estimates of child poverty across developing countries using the same dimensions, indicators and thresholds.","PeriodicalId":43131,"journal":{"name":"Population Review","volume":"84 1 1","pages":"141 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83561177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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