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[The Best Alcohol Prevention Is Anti-Emancipation : The Debate On Gender-Specific Alcohol Consumption and the Increasing Dependence of Women, 1950-1990]. [最好的酒精预防是反解放:1950-1990 年关于特定性别酒精消费和妇女日益依赖的辩论]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00407-z
Viola Balz

From a gender-historical perspective, this article deals with the history of and discussions around an observed increase in female alcoholism. Since the 1950s, psychiatric, pedagogical and psychological discourses have lamented the increasing consumption of alcohol by women, and identified women's emancipation as its cause. The article examines the male-dominated debates on female alcoholism up to 1968 and the emerging feminist counter-movement that followed. It analyzes the shifts in the social role of women as expressed in the discussions about 'the drinking woman' as well as simultaneous scientific-patriarchal counter-movements. On the one hand, the article shows how a classic concept of addiction is eroding due to the failure of medical treatment attempts and is being replaced by new psychosocial explanatory knowledge. On the other hand, it illustrates how women's self-help is appropriating and reinterpreting this knowledge.

本文从性别历史的角度,论述了女性酗酒现象增加的历史和相关讨论。自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,精神病学、教育学和心理学的论述都对女性饮酒量的增加表示遗憾,并认为女性解放是导致女性饮酒量增加的原因。文章研究了 1968 年以前由男性主导的关于女性酗酒的辩论,以及随后兴起的女权主义反运动。文章分析了在关于 "酗酒妇女 "的讨论中表现出的妇女社会角色的转变,以及同时出现的科学-宗法反运动。一方面,文章展示了由于医学治疗尝试的失败,经典的成瘾概念如何被侵蚀,并被新的社会心理解释知识所取代。另一方面,文章说明了妇女自助如何利用和重新解释这些知识。
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引用次数: 0
["To go mad". The Generation of Feminist Criticism of Psychiatry: The Example of the Magazine Courage, 1978-1980]. ["发疯"。精神病学的女性主义批评时代:勇气》杂志的例子,1978-1980 年]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00405-1
Susanne Doetz

Using the example of the feminist magazine Courage, the article shows how its participatory production process enabled a psy-feminist knowledge generation that also included women with psychiatric experience. The magazine makers combined the women's observations, perceptions and interpretations with visual representations and a canon of literature that extended far beyond the field of psychiatry (criticism). Instead of medical psychopathologies, the women of Courage implemented writing styles and visual languages, which emphasised the experience of mental suffering and alterity and related it to the social position of women. At the same time, Courage also presented alternative feminist treatments and therapies. The Courage's critique of psychiatry was characterised by a multi-perspective approach that removed the topic of "women in psychiatry" from the narrow field of psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy and expanded it to include artistic, patient- and experience-oriented and socio-critical perspectives.

文章以女权主义杂志《勇气》为例,展示了其参与式的制作过程是如何促成心理女权主义知识的产生,其中也包括具有精神病学经验的女性。杂志制作者将女性的观察、感知和解释与视觉表现以及远远超出精神病学(批评)领域的文学作品相结合。勇气》杂志的女性采用的写作风格和视觉语言并不是医学上的精神病理学,而是强调精神痛苦和改变的体验,并将其与女性的社会地位联系起来。同时,《勇气》还提出了另类的女权主义治疗方法和疗法。勇气派 "对精神病学的批判以多视角方法为特征,将 "精神病学中的女性 "这一主题从狭隘的精神病学、心理学和心理疗法领域中剥离出来,扩展到艺术、以患者和经验为导向的社会批判视角。
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引用次数: 0
[Taking critique of psychiatry to the streets. Mad Pride parades and the Blue Caravan as work on multiplicity]. [把对精神病学的批判带到街头。疯狂骄傲游行和蓝色大篷车作为多重性的作品]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00404-2
Ronda Ramm, Beate Binder, Francis Seeck

This article focuses on performative articulations of critiques of psychiatry, with two forms of demonstration in particular: First, the Mad Pride Parades, which have been held in various German cities since 2013, and second actions by the "Blaue Karawane" in Bremen, a movement that emerged in the 1980s in the wake of the dissolution of a psychiatric clinic. Although they are situated in different temporal and local contexts, both rely on forms of street protest to question the demarcation between 'normal' and 'mad' and to promote the equal recognition of mental alterity. A detailed examination of the forms of action highlights the importance of carnivalesque celebration, provocation and spectacle for both forms of psychiatric critique. We argue that these forms allow experiencing this critique and, at the same time, make drafts of a different-better-society tangible. To elaborate on these aspects, we draw on queer and gender theoretical considerations as well as on approaches from performance studies. Looking at Mad Pride parades and the Blaue Karawane in their respective contexts reveals similarities in the way in which critique of the exclusion of mental alterity is articulated, but also highlights differences in terms of affectedness, participation and argumentation.

本文的重点是精神病学批判的表演性表达,尤其是两种形式的示威:第一种是自2013年以来在德国多个城市举行的 "疯狂骄傲游行",第二种是不莱梅 "蓝色卡拉瓦内"(Blaue Karawane)的行动,这是一场在20世纪80年代精神病诊所解散后兴起的运动。尽管它们所处的时代和地方背景不同,但都依靠街头抗议的形式来质疑 "正常 "与 "疯狂 "的界限,并促进对精神改变的平等承认。对行动形式的详细研究突出了狂欢庆祝、挑衅和奇观对于这两种精神病学批判形式的重要性。我们认为,这些形式可以让人们体验到这种批判,同时也让不同的、更好的社会草案变得具体。为了阐述这些方面,我们借鉴了同性恋和性别理论以及表演研究的方法。通过对 "疯狂骄傲 "游行和 "Blaue Karawane "在各自背景下的观察,我们可以发现两者在表达对精神异质性排斥的批判方式上有相似之处,但同时也凸显了两者在影响性、参与性和论证方面的差异。
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引用次数: 0
[Psychological Women's Liberation: Feminist Therapy Between Psychology and the Women's Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s]. [心理上的妇女解放:20 世纪 70 年代德意志联邦共和国心理学与妇女运动之间的女权主义疗法]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00403-3
Vera Luckgei

From the late 1960s onwards, the early second women's movement encompassed all areas of West German society. This included debates about how women's healthcare could be improved in a self-determined, women-friendly way and in line with feminist ideals. These debates were also held with regard to the general boom in psychotherapy at the time. This article explores the question of how debates around feminist therapy emerged in the Federal Republic of Germany. It also looks at the tense relationship between psychology and psychotherapy. While feminist women's counselling and therapy centers became a widespread part of a psychosocial care network from the late 1970s onwards, scientific psychology in German speaking countries remained largely closed to feminist influences. The article traces how this imbalance between feminist therapeutic practice and psychological women's research came about. Therefore, the article sets out from 1974, when psychologists tried to introduce feminist impulses into academic psychology and feminist activists made psychotherapeutic approaches usable for the women's movement. Many female psychologists shifted their commitment from the academic to the therapeutic field. It is argued, that this was due to the less than conducive conditions that feminist-oriented psychologists found in German-speaking academic psychology.

从 20 世纪 60 年代末开始,早期的第二次妇女运动涵盖了西德社会的所有领域。其中包括关于如何以一种自主的、对妇女友好的方式并按照女权主义理想改善妇女医疗保健的辩论。这些辩论也与当时心理治疗的普遍繁荣有关。本文探讨了德意志联邦共和国如何出现围绕女性主义疗法的争论这一问题。文章还探讨了心理学与心理疗法之间的紧张关系。从 20 世纪 70 年代末开始,女性主义妇女咨询和治疗中心已成为社会心理治疗网络的一个重要组成部分,但德语国家的科学心理学在很大程度上仍然不受女性主义的影响。文章追溯了女性主义治疗实践与女性心理学研究之间的这种不平衡是如何形成的。因此,文章从 1974 年开始,心理学家试图将女性主义的冲动引入心理学学术领域,而女性主义活动家则将心理治疗方法用于妇女运动。许多女性心理学家将她们的工作重心从学术领域转向了治疗领域。本文认为,这是由于以女性主义为导向的心理学家在德语学术心理学中发现的不利条件所致。
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引用次数: 0
[Bad-Mad-Female. Scientific Analyses of Female Violent Crime from the 1960s to the 1990s]. [Bad-Mad-Female.20 世纪 60 年代至 90 年代女性暴力犯罪的科学分析]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00406-0
Chantal Marazia, Uta Hinz, Heiner Fangerau

While female capital offences have repeatedly caused a stir since the beginning of the modern era at the latest, female violent crime has remained a marginal phenomenon in statistical observations for a long time. Forensics, with its traditional core disciplines of psychiatry and law, also remained focused on the dangerous male perpetrator for a long time in its analysis and theory development beyond infanticide: male forensic scientists analysed male perpetrators of violence.Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing number of scientific contributions on female criminality and its causes in West Germany. Women were now also analysing female criminality from a professional as well as from a socially critical perspective; a development that gained significant momentum with the New Women's Movement and Critical Criminology.The article puts an emphasis on the discourse on female violent crime in the "old" Federal Republic of Germany. It starts out by framing the issue of women's violent crime in criminological discourse. Against this background, it examines how gender-specific constructions of criminality developed, especially in the discussion of the "dangerous mentally ill" in forensic discussion forums, how and to what extent which topoi were perpetuated and which were subject to changes. Did the analyses of female scientists differ from those of their male colleagues? What significance did critical or feminist currents or actors have?In view of social change processes (emancipation, psychiatric reform, criminal law reform), the article examines the interpretation of female violence and the connection between gender, dangerousness and mental illness. It focuses on the question of persistence, dynamisation or diversification of gender-specific constructions and normative concepts of normal/crazy in the forensic conflation of "bad and mad".

虽然女性死罪最迟在现代开始时就屡屡引起轰动,但在统计观察中,女性暴力犯罪长期以来仍然是一个边缘现象。以精神病学和法学为传统核心学科的法医学,在其分析和理论发展中,除了杀婴之外,长期以来也一直关注危险的男性犯罪者:男性法科学家分析男性暴力犯罪者。现在,女性也开始从专业和社会批判的角度分析女性犯罪问题;这一发展随着新妇女运动和批判犯罪学的兴起而获得了巨大的动力。文章首先从犯罪学的角度阐述了女性暴力犯罪问题。在此背景下,它研究了犯罪的性别建构是如何发展的,尤其是在法医讨论论坛上关于 "危险的精神病人 "的讨论中,研究了哪些概念是如何以及在多大程度上得以延续的,哪些概念是会发生变化的。女科学家的分析是否与男同事不同?考虑到社会变革进程(解放、精神病学改革、刑法改革),文章研究了对女性暴力的解释以及性别、危险性和精神病之间的联系。文章重点探讨了在法医将 "坏人和疯子 "混为一谈的过程中,特定性别的建构和正常/疯狂的规范性概念的持续性、动态化或多样化问题。
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引用次数: 0
Anja Laukötter 2021: Sex – richtig! Körperpolitik und Gefühlserziehung im Kino des 20. Jahrhunderts und Christian Sammer 2020: Gesunde Menschen machen. Die deutsch-deutsche Geschichte der Gesundheitsaufklärung, 1945–1967 (Ordnungssysteme 57). Anja Laukötter 2021: 性--正确的方式!20 世纪电影中的身体政治与情感教育》和 Christian Sammer 2020 年:《打造健康人》。德德健康教育史,1945-1967 年(Ordnungssysteme 57)。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00408-y
Stefan Offermann
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引用次数: 0
Das Unsichtbare in der Elektrizitätsgeschichte: Zu Stromzählern und Wasserkraftemotionen. 电力史上的隐形:关于电表和水电情感。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00401-5
Odinn Melsted
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引用次数: 0
["It's the history, stupid!" A plea for a historicisation of structures in the German university and science sector (and for conclusions to be drawn)]. ["这是历史,笨蛋!"呼吁对德国大学和科学领域的结构进行历史化(并得出结论)]。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00391-4
Matthias Berg
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引用次数: 0
Paulina S. Gennermann 2023: Eine Geschichte mit Geschmack. Die Natur synthetischer Aromastoffe im 20. Jahrhundert am Beispiel Vanillin und Lisa Haushofer 2022: Wonder Foods: The Science and Commerce of Nutrition. Paulina S. Gennermann 2023:香料的历史。2022 年:神奇食品:营养科学与商业。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00384-3
Heiko Stoff
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引用次数: 0
[Stable Subordination Relationships. The Rise and Fall of the Mid-level Faculty in University Medicine in the 1960s]. [稳定的从属关系。20 世纪 60 年代大学医学中层教师的兴衰》。]
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-024-00392-3
Heiko Stoff
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引用次数: 0
期刊
NTM
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