Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00366-x
Eli Franco
This paper engages with a little-known controversy between Jakob Stuchlik and Walter Slaje on the involvement of Erich Frauwallner, the renowned scholar of Indian philosophy (1898-1974), with NS institutions. It sheds new light on this controversy and highlights the Aryan-supremacist ideology that is reflected in Frauwallner's division of the history of Indian philosophy into an Aryan and non-Aryan period. On the whole, the paper sides with Stuchlik and exposes Slaje's attempt to whitewash Frauwallner and certain aspects of his work, despite his adoption of NS ideology and involvement with NS institutions such as the Gestapo and SA. Moreover, the paper dwells on Frauwallner's adherence to antisemitism and Aryan-supremacist ideology even after the WWII and as late as the 1960s.
{"title":"\"There is No Reliable Evidence to Pass Moral Judgment on Frauwallner.\" : Erich Frauwallner, Jakob Stuchlik, Walter Slaje, and the Whitewashing of Austrian Indology During the Time of National Socialism.","authors":"Eli Franco","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00366-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00366-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper engages with a little-known controversy between Jakob Stuchlik and Walter Slaje on the involvement of Erich Frauwallner, the renowned scholar of Indian philosophy (1898-1974), with NS institutions. It sheds new light on this controversy and highlights the Aryan-supremacist ideology that is reflected in Frauwallner's division of the history of Indian philosophy into an Aryan and non-Aryan period. On the whole, the paper sides with Stuchlik and exposes Slaje's attempt to whitewash Frauwallner and certain aspects of his work, despite his adoption of NS ideology and involvement with NS institutions such as the Gestapo and SA. Moreover, the paper dwells on Frauwallner's adherence to antisemitism and Aryan-supremacist ideology even after the WWII and as late as the 1960s.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"245-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10516249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00363-0
Maria Framke
The article investigates the possibilities and limits for the academic Devendra Nath Bannerjea to find employment in National Socialist Germany by producing-what he imagined to be-useful knowledge for the state. Bannerjea, who came from the Punjab in northwestern India via London, Geneva and Rome to Berlin, defies neat categorization. He was neither a National Socialist scholar, nor can he be solely understood as an Indian anticolonial nationalist. In the more than four decades he spent in Europe, Bannerjea appeared in many different roles-as an anticolonial rebel, false diplomat, researcher, and endeavouring professor. Despite his employment in different educational institutions, his publications, and his political and academic networks, he remained a second row intellectual and political activist. His activities led to repeated conflicts, first with British and later Nazi authorities, because of his radical ideas and claims to intellectual egalitarianism on the one hand, and, even more often, because of his 'creative' efforts to improve his precarious living conditions on the other.The article explores the relationship between knowledge production and National Socialist state politics through the lens of Bannerjea's life, focussing on the exchange of resources between Bannerjea and the National Socialist apparatus. Against the backdrop of the social circumstances of his livelihood, it investigates the knowledge produced by Bannerjea and the rewards he received from the National Socialist regime in return.
{"title":"Manoeuvring Across Academia in National Socialist Germany: The Life and Work of Devendra Nath Bannerjea.","authors":"Maria Framke","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00363-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00363-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article investigates the possibilities and limits for the academic Devendra Nath Bannerjea to find employment in National Socialist Germany by producing-what he imagined to be-useful knowledge for the state. Bannerjea, who came from the Punjab in northwestern India via London, Geneva and Rome to Berlin, defies neat categorization. He was neither a National Socialist scholar, nor can he be solely understood as an Indian anticolonial nationalist. In the more than four decades he spent in Europe, Bannerjea appeared in many different roles-as an anticolonial rebel, false diplomat, researcher, and endeavouring professor. Despite his employment in different educational institutions, his publications, and his political and academic networks, he remained a second row intellectual and political activist. His activities led to repeated conflicts, first with British and later Nazi authorities, because of his radical ideas and claims to intellectual egalitarianism on the one hand, and, even more often, because of his 'creative' efforts to improve his precarious living conditions on the other.The article explores the relationship between knowledge production and National Socialist state politics through the lens of Bannerjea's life, focussing on the exchange of resources between Bannerjea and the National Socialist apparatus. Against the backdrop of the social circumstances of his livelihood, it investigates the knowledge produced by Bannerjea and the rewards he received from the National Socialist regime in return.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"307-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10284164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00362-1
Isabella Schwaderer
The tour of the Indian Ballet Menaka through hundreds of German cities between 1936 and 1938 left a large footprint in the form of theatre reviews. This article focuses on the role of these performances in actualizing a specific knowledge about India that was, firstly, based on the assumption of the consanguinity of Indo-German peoples and, secondly, on a vision of history as a realization of the utopian ideal of cultural regeneration through art. This article thus hopes to articulate the ways in which the unique experience of this Indian theatre event served as an instrument for consolidating a völkisch/racialized perception of art in general, and of music in particular.
{"title":"\"Exotic Sensation\" or \"Völkisch Art\"? Press Reviews of the Indisches Ballett Menaka (Menaka Indian Ballet) on Tour Through Germany, 1936-1938.","authors":"Isabella Schwaderer","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00362-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00362-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tour of the Indian Ballet Menaka through hundreds of German cities between 1936 and 1938 left a large footprint in the form of theatre reviews. This article focuses on the role of these performances in actualizing a specific knowledge about India that was, firstly, based on the assumption of the consanguinity of Indo-German peoples and, secondly, on a vision of history as a realization of the utopian ideal of cultural regeneration through art. This article thus hopes to articulate the ways in which the unique experience of this Indian theatre event served as an instrument for consolidating a völkisch/racialized perception of art in general, and of music in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"333-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00364-z
Baijayanti Roy
Ludwig Alsdorf (1904-1978) is primarily remembered as a scholar of ancient and medieval India. This paper examines a little known aspect of Alsdorf's career: his role as an expert of modern India in Nazi Germany. Alsdorf, who was in India from 1930 to 1932, joined the NSDAP and a few of its subsidiaries after 1933. Political contacts as well as his claims of having "first-hand experience" of India secured Alsdorf writing assignments that aimed to fulfil the regime's political objectives. In return, he gained professional advancement and the reputation of being an authority on modern India. This paper reviews Alsdorf's trajectory within the NS state by focussing on the following aspects: the ways in which Alsdorf offered his knowledge of India to the Nazi regime; the material and symbolic resources that he received in return; the relative importance of political affiliations, professional networks and academic accomplishments for Alsdorf's career; the "politics of the past" practised by Alsdorf and some of peers after 1945; and the (re)presentation of the "uses" of Indology in the "Third Reich" and in the Federal Republic of Germany by Alsdorf and his colleagues.
{"title":"Knowledge of India as an Instrument of Nazi Politics: Ludwig Alsdorf, German Indology and Indian Anti-Colonialism.","authors":"Baijayanti Roy","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00364-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00364-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ludwig Alsdorf (1904-1978) is primarily remembered as a scholar of ancient and medieval India. This paper examines a little known aspect of Alsdorf's career: his role as an expert of modern India in Nazi Germany. Alsdorf, who was in India from 1930 to 1932, joined the NSDAP and a few of its subsidiaries after 1933. Political contacts as well as his claims of having \"first-hand experience\" of India secured Alsdorf writing assignments that aimed to fulfil the regime's political objectives. In return, he gained professional advancement and the reputation of being an authority on modern India. This paper reviews Alsdorf's trajectory within the NS state by focussing on the following aspects: the ways in which Alsdorf offered his knowledge of India to the Nazi regime; the material and symbolic resources that he received in return; the relative importance of political affiliations, professional networks and academic accomplishments for Alsdorf's career; the \"politics of the past\" practised by Alsdorf and some of peers after 1945; and the (re)presentation of the \"uses\" of Indology in the \"Third Reich\" and in the Federal Republic of Germany by Alsdorf and his colleagues.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"275-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10284161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00367-w
Moritz Epple, Maria Framke, Eli Franco, Horst Junginger, Baijayanti Roy
The introduction to our special issue offers a brief survey of the historical literature on knowledge about India in Nazi Germany and distinguishes three different, but interrelated layers of such knowledge: disciplinary knowledge of Indology as an academic field, knowledge fulfilling the needs of state agencies, and popular knowledge (and beliefs) about India.
{"title":"Introduction: Indology and Aryanism: Knowledge of India in Nazi Germany-An Invitation for New Research.","authors":"Moritz Epple, Maria Framke, Eli Franco, Horst Junginger, Baijayanti Roy","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00367-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00367-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction to our special issue offers a brief survey of the historical literature on knowledge about India in Nazi Germany and distinguishes three different, but interrelated layers of such knowledge: disciplinary knowledge of Indology as an academic field, knowledge fulfilling the needs of state agencies, and popular knowledge (and beliefs) about India.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10258224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00368-9
Vera Wolff
{"title":"W. Patrick McCray 2020: Making Art Work. How Cold War Engineers and Artists Forged a New Creative Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, geb., 384 S., 52 Abb., 45 US $, ISBN: 9780262044257.","authors":"Vera Wolff","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00368-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-023-00368-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s00048-021-00320-9
Alexander Mayer
{"title":"Petra Terhoeven und Dirk Schumann 2021: Strategien der Selbstbehauptung. Vergangenheitspolitische Kommunikation an der Universität Göttingen (1945–1965) (= Veröffentlichungen des Zeitgeschichtlichen Arbeitskreises Niedersachsen, Bd. 36) und Christa Klein 2020: Elite und Krise. Expansion und „Selbstbehauptung“ der Philosophischen Fakultät Freiburg 1945–1967 (= Wissenschaftskulturen. Reihe III: Pallas Athene, Bd. 54).","authors":"Alexander Mayer","doi":"10.1007/s00048-021-00320-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-021-00320-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":"31 2","pages":"213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9643867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00357-y
Aybike Alkan
In the postwar era, the preferred approach to harnessing rivers was through integrated river basin planning (IRBP), which required a holistic focus on the river basin for multipurpose development. While the river basin is taken for granted as the natural unit of development in the definitions of the IRBP concept, this article problematizes the river basin idea and reveals the politics behind what has been deemed natural (scientific), with a specific focus on Turkey's experience with IRBP. It explores geopolitical and national motivations and challenges in the context of the scaling of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. By approaching IRBP as a process of scale-making, it draws from discussions of the politics of scale in the literature on political ecology, but also incorporates a historical dimension to these discussions with attention to the political and environmental histories of Southeastern Turkey, which became home to Turkey's first and most extensive IRBP project, the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).The article stretches the chronological boundaries of GAP to the decades prior to the 1970s, when the project was initiated, by analyzing archival materials, including the proceedings of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the archives of a daily newspaper, and the expert reports on GAP. The analysis highlights the politics of scale as a powerful constituent of the politics of technological development, and shows the significance of historical analysis to delineate the politics of river basin planning into different layers, including the level of geopolitics, territorial disputes, and international conflicts.
在战后时期,利用河流的首选方法是流域综合规划(IRBP),这要求从整体上关注流域的多用途发展。虽然在 IRBP 概念的定义中,流域理所当然地被视为发展的自然单位,但本文对流域理念提出了质疑,并揭示了被视为自然(科学)理念背后的政治因素,特别关注土耳其在 IRBP 方面的经验。文章以幼发拉底河-底格里斯河流域的规模为背景,探讨了地缘政治和国家动机及挑战。通过将 IRBP 作为一个制定规模的过程,文章借鉴了政治生态学文献中关于规模政治的讨论,同时还将这些讨论纳入了历史维度,关注土耳其东南部的政治和环境历史,该地区是土耳其第一个也是规模最大的 IRBP 项目--安纳托利亚东南部项目 (GAP) 的所在地。文章通过分析档案资料,包括土耳其大国民议会的会议记录、一份日报的档案资料以及有关 GAP 的专家报告,将 GAP 的时间界限延伸至 20 世纪 70 年代项目启动之前的几十年。分析强调了规模政治是技术发展政治的一个强有力的组成部分,并表明了历史分析在将河流流域规划政治划分为不同层面(包括地缘政治、领土争端和国际冲突层面)方面的重要意义。
{"title":"Technopolitical Construction of a River Basin: Turkey's Encounters and Adventures with the \"TVA Idea\".","authors":"Aybike Alkan","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00357-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00357-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the postwar era, the preferred approach to harnessing rivers was through integrated river basin planning (IRBP), which required a holistic focus on the river basin for multipurpose development. While the river basin is taken for granted as the natural unit of development in the definitions of the IRBP concept, this article problematizes the river basin idea and reveals the politics behind what has been deemed natural (scientific), with a specific focus on Turkey's experience with IRBP. It explores geopolitical and national motivations and challenges in the context of the scaling of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. By approaching IRBP as a process of scale-making, it draws from discussions of the politics of scale in the literature on political ecology, but also incorporates a historical dimension to these discussions with attention to the political and environmental histories of Southeastern Turkey, which became home to Turkey's first and most extensive IRBP project, the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).The article stretches the chronological boundaries of GAP to the decades prior to the 1970s, when the project was initiated, by analyzing archival materials, including the proceedings of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the archives of a daily newspaper, and the expert reports on GAP. The analysis highlights the politics of scale as a powerful constituent of the politics of technological development, and shows the significance of historical analysis to delineate the politics of river basin planning into different layers, including the level of geopolitics, territorial disputes, and international conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":"31 2","pages":"111-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10271898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9648174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00358-x
Maximilian Haars
This article examines the role of taste perception in Galen's research on simple drugs in relation to the acquisition of knowledge. To this end, 1.) I make it plausible through an examination of sources that the sometimes increased, more detailed and divergent indications of taste compared to his predecessors, especially Dioscorides and Sextius Niger, are based on Galen's own research, 2.) reconstruct Galen's research practice and 3.) examine the presentation of his results in linguistic and logical terms and explain the differences to traditional pharmacology. I argue that a) gustatory perception has a special significance in Galen's work that goes far beyond its traditional descriptive function and b) that, starting from the realisation that taste and drug action are interrelated, he assigns to taste qualities an indicator function for a much more fundamental principle that causes drug action and thus c) has prepared the ground for a pharmacognosy that also classifies according to taste principles, which was to reach its climax much later. With a view to a practice of gustatory testing of herbal drugs that is still practised today in pharmacy, which, like any other natural science discipline, has otherwise largely lost the sensory reference to its subject matter, the article would therefore like to provide an encouragement to study the "history of pharmaceutical-medical tasting".
{"title":"[De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum : On the Epistemological Status of Taste Perception in Galen's Specific Pharmacology].","authors":"Maximilian Haars","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00358-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00358-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the role of taste perception in Galen's research on simple drugs in relation to the acquisition of knowledge. To this end, 1.) I make it plausible through an examination of sources that the sometimes increased, more detailed and divergent indications of taste compared to his predecessors, especially Dioscorides and Sextius Niger, are based on Galen's own research, 2.) reconstruct Galen's research practice and 3.) examine the presentation of his results in linguistic and logical terms and explain the differences to traditional pharmacology. I argue that a) gustatory perception has a special significance in Galen's work that goes far beyond its traditional descriptive function and b) that, starting from the realisation that taste and drug action are interrelated, he assigns to taste qualities an indicator function for a much more fundamental principle that causes drug action and thus c) has prepared the ground for a pharmacognosy that also classifies according to taste principles, which was to reach its climax much later. With a view to a practice of gustatory testing of herbal drugs that is still practised today in pharmacy, which, like any other natural science discipline, has otherwise largely lost the sensory reference to its subject matter, the article would therefore like to provide an encouragement to study the \"history of pharmaceutical-medical tasting\".</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":"31 2","pages":"143-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00359-w
Anne Kwaschik
During the 1970s, feminist activists reappropriated the figure of the witch in various ways as a symbol of alterity, political radicalism, feminist revolt or victimhood, or the presentation of subversive (healing or bodily) knowledge. The article investigates these witch constructions with a focus on its experiential foundations drawing on appropriations in Western Germany within a larger transatlantic history. First, it provides a brief overview of witch discourses in the 1970s, highlighting radical feminist, health-political and artistic milieus, based on representative Western European journals and movement literature. The article emphasizes the variety of witch images and its epistemic foci, showing that however different these approaches may appear, they all created women's alterity. Second, the article examines alternative practices of knowledge production, focusing on health guides and advice literature, as well as on approaches to experience in consciousness-raising groups. This section demonstrates how witch discourses both enabled the movement's knowledge empowerment, but were also part of complex boundary work within the milieus, such as in the debates about the relationship between experiential knowledge and theory. The last section shows how closely and in what ways spiritualist approaches were linked to this boundary work. The article argues that feminist milieus constituted themselves within the framework of feminist epistemologies against and within established knowledge cultures, thereby drawing further boundaries within the movement. In analyzing the "evidence of experience" (Scott) produced by witch discourses its overarching aim is to demonstrate that their historical relevance initially laid in its standpoint-creating character.
{"title":"\"We Witches.\" Knowledge Wars, Experience and Spirituality in the Women's Movement During the 1970s.","authors":"Anne Kwaschik","doi":"10.1007/s00048-023-00359-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-023-00359-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the 1970s, feminist activists reappropriated the figure of the witch in various ways as a symbol of alterity, political radicalism, feminist revolt or victimhood, or the presentation of subversive (healing or bodily) knowledge. The article investigates these witch constructions with a focus on its experiential foundations drawing on appropriations in Western Germany within a larger transatlantic history. First, it provides a brief overview of witch discourses in the 1970s, highlighting radical feminist, health-political and artistic milieus, based on representative Western European journals and movement literature. The article emphasizes the variety of witch images and its epistemic foci, showing that however different these approaches may appear, they all created women's alterity. Second, the article examines alternative practices of knowledge production, focusing on health guides and advice literature, as well as on approaches to experience in consciousness-raising groups. This section demonstrates how witch discourses both enabled the movement's knowledge empowerment, but were also part of complex boundary work within the milieus, such as in the debates about the relationship between experiential knowledge and theory. The last section shows how closely and in what ways spiritualist approaches were linked to this boundary work. The article argues that feminist milieus constituted themselves within the framework of feminist epistemologies against and within established knowledge cultures, thereby drawing further boundaries within the movement. In analyzing the \"evidence of experience\" (Scott) produced by witch discourses its overarching aim is to demonstrate that their historical relevance initially laid in its standpoint-creating character.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":"31 2","pages":"171-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10271903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9651540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}