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"There is No Reliable Evidence to Pass Moral Judgment on Frauwallner." : Erich Frauwallner, Jakob Stuchlik, Walter Slaje, and the Whitewashing of Austrian Indology During the Time of National Socialism. “没有可靠的证据可以对Frauwallner进行道德评判。”:Erich Frauwaller、Jakob Stuchlik、Walter Slaje和国家社会主义时期奥地利室内学的洗白。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00366-x
Eli Franco

This paper engages with a little-known controversy between Jakob Stuchlik and Walter Slaje on the involvement of Erich Frauwallner, the renowned scholar of Indian philosophy (1898-1974), with NS institutions. It sheds new light on this controversy and highlights the Aryan-supremacist ideology that is reflected in Frauwallner's division of the history of Indian philosophy into an Aryan and non-Aryan period. On the whole, the paper sides with Stuchlik and exposes Slaje's attempt to whitewash Frauwallner and certain aspects of his work, despite his adoption of NS ideology and involvement with NS institutions such as the Gestapo and SA. Moreover, the paper dwells on Frauwallner's adherence to antisemitism and Aryan-supremacist ideology even after the WWII and as late as the 1960s.

本文探讨了Jakob Stuchlik和Walter Slaje之间关于著名印度哲学学者Erich Frauwallner(1898-1974)参与NS机构的鲜为人知的争议。它为这一争议提供了新的视角,并突出了雅利安人至上主义意识形态,这反映在弗劳沃纳将印度哲学史划分为雅利安人和非雅利安人时期。总的来说,这篇论文站在Stuchlik一边,揭露了Slaje试图粉饰Frauwallner及其作品的某些方面,尽管他采用了NS意识形态,并参与了盖世太保和SA等NS机构。此外,这篇文章详细阐述了Frauwaller即使在二战后,直到20世纪60年代,仍然坚持反犹太主义和雅利安至上主义意识形态。
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引用次数: 0
Manoeuvring Across Academia in National Socialist Germany: The Life and Work of Devendra Nath Bannerjea. 国家社会主义德国的学术活动:Devendra Nath Bannerjea的生活和工作。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00363-0
Maria Framke

The article investigates the possibilities and limits for the academic Devendra Nath Bannerjea to find employment in National Socialist Germany by producing-what he imagined to be-useful knowledge for the state. Bannerjea, who came from the Punjab in northwestern India via London, Geneva and Rome to Berlin, defies neat categorization. He was neither a National Socialist scholar, nor can he be solely understood as an Indian anticolonial nationalist. In the more than four decades he spent in Europe, Bannerjea appeared in many different roles-as an anticolonial rebel, false diplomat, researcher, and endeavouring professor. Despite his employment in different educational institutions, his publications, and his political and academic networks, he remained a second row intellectual and political activist. His activities led to repeated conflicts, first with British and later Nazi authorities, because of his radical ideas and claims to intellectual egalitarianism on the one hand, and, even more often, because of his 'creative' efforts to improve his precarious living conditions on the other.The article explores the relationship between knowledge production and National Socialist state politics through the lens of Bannerjea's life, focussing on the exchange of resources between Bannerjea and the National Socialist apparatus. Against the backdrop of the social circumstances of his livelihood, it investigates the knowledge produced by Bannerjea and the rewards he received from the National Socialist regime in return.

本文探讨了学者德文德拉·纳特·班纳赫亚通过创造他认为对国家有用的知识,在国家社会主义德国找到工作的可能性和局限性。Bannerjea来自印度西北部的旁遮普邦,途经伦敦、日内瓦和罗马,来到柏林。他既不是国家社会主义学者,也不能仅仅被理解为印度的反殖民民族主义者。在他在欧洲度过的40多年里,Bannerjea扮演了许多不同的角色,如反殖民反叛者、虚假外交官、研究员和努力工作的教授。尽管他在不同的教育机构、出版物以及政治和学术网络工作,但他仍然是第二排的知识分子和政治活动家。他的活动导致了反复的冲突,首先是与英国和后来的纳粹当局的冲突,一方面是因为他的激进思想和对知识平等主义的主张,另一方面是由于他为改善不稳定的生活条件所做的“创造性”努力。本文从班纳让的生平视角,探讨了知识生产与国家社会主义国家政治的关系,着重探讨了班纳让与国家社会主义机构之间的资源交换。在Bannerjea生活的社会环境的背景下,它调查了Banner jea产生的知识以及他从国家社会主义政权获得的回报。
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引用次数: 0
"Exotic Sensation" or "Völkisch Art"? Press Reviews of the Indisches Ballett Menaka (Menaka Indian Ballet) on Tour Through Germany, 1936-1938. “异国情调”还是“Völkisch艺术”?米纳卡芭蕾舞团(米纳卡印度芭蕾舞团)在德国巡回演出的新闻评论,1936-1938年。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00362-1
Isabella Schwaderer

The tour of the Indian Ballet Menaka through hundreds of German cities between 1936 and 1938 left a large footprint in the form of theatre reviews. This article focuses on the role of these performances in actualizing a specific knowledge about India that was, firstly, based on the assumption of the consanguinity of Indo-German peoples and, secondly, on a vision of history as a realization of the utopian ideal of cultural regeneration through art. This article thus hopes to articulate the ways in which the unique experience of this Indian theatre event served as an instrument for consolidating a völkisch/racialized perception of art in general, and of music in particular.

1936年至1938年间,印度芭蕾舞团梅纳卡在数百个德国城市的巡演以戏剧评论的形式留下了巨大的足迹。本文重点讨论了这些表演在实现关于印度的特定知识方面的作用,该知识首先基于对印德民族血缘关系的假设,其次基于历史的愿景,即通过艺术实现文化复兴的乌托邦理想。因此,本文希望阐明这场印度戏剧活动的独特体验如何成为巩固对艺术,尤其是音乐的völkisch/种族化感知的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge of India as an Instrument of Nazi Politics: Ludwig Alsdorf, German Indology and Indian Anti-Colonialism. 将印度视为纳粹政治的工具:路德维希·阿尔斯多夫,《德国室内学与印度反殖民主义》。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00364-z
Baijayanti Roy

Ludwig Alsdorf (1904-1978) is primarily remembered as a scholar of ancient and medieval India. This paper examines a little known aspect of Alsdorf's career: his role as an expert of modern India in Nazi Germany. Alsdorf, who was in India from 1930 to 1932, joined the NSDAP and a few of its subsidiaries after 1933. Political contacts as well as his claims of having "first-hand experience" of India secured Alsdorf writing assignments that aimed to fulfil the regime's political objectives. In return, he gained professional advancement and the reputation of being an authority on modern India. This paper reviews Alsdorf's trajectory within the NS state by focussing on the following aspects: the ways in which Alsdorf offered his knowledge of India to the Nazi regime; the material and symbolic resources that he received in return; the relative importance of political affiliations, professional networks and academic accomplishments for Alsdorf's career; the "politics of the past" practised by Alsdorf and some of peers after 1945; and the (re)presentation of the "uses" of Indology in the "Third Reich" and in the Federal Republic of Germany by Alsdorf and his colleagues.

路德维希·阿尔斯多夫(1904-1978)是一位研究古代和中世纪印度的学者。本文探讨了阿尔斯多夫职业生涯中一个鲜为人知的方面:他在纳粹德国时期作为现代印度问题专家的角色。Alsdorf于1930年至1932年在印度,1933年后加入了NSDAP及其一些子公司。政治接触以及他声称对印度有“第一手经验”,确保了阿尔斯多夫的写作任务,旨在实现该政权的政治目标。作为回报,他获得了职业发展和现代印度权威的声誉。本文通过以下几个方面回顾了阿尔斯多夫在NS州的发展轨迹:阿尔斯多夫向纳粹政权提供印度知识的方式;他得到的物质和象征性资源作为回报;政治背景、专业网络和学术成就对阿尔斯多夫职业生涯的相对重要性;阿尔斯多夫和一些同行在1945年后推行的“过去的政治”;以及Alsdorf及其同事对“第三帝国”和德意志联邦共和国室内学“用途”的(重新)介绍。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Indology and Aryanism: Knowledge of India in Nazi Germany-An Invitation for New Research. 引言:《印度学与雅利安主义:纳粹德国的印度知识——新研究的邀请》。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00367-w
Moritz Epple, Maria Framke, Eli Franco, Horst Junginger, Baijayanti Roy

The introduction to our special issue offers a brief survey of the historical literature on knowledge about India in Nazi Germany and distinguishes three different, but interrelated layers of such knowledge: disciplinary knowledge of Indology as an academic field, knowledge fulfilling the needs of state agencies, and popular knowledge (and beliefs) about India.

我们特刊的引言简要介绍了纳粹德国时期关于印度知识的历史文献,并区分了这些知识的三个不同但相互关联的层次:作为学术领域的印度学学科知识、满足国家机构需求的知识以及关于印度的流行知识(和信仰)。
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引用次数: 0
W. Patrick McCray 2020: Making Art Work. How Cold War Engineers and Artists Forged a New Creative Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, geb., 384 S., 52 Abb., 45 US $, ISBN: 9780262044257. W. Patrick McCray 2020:制作艺术作品。冷战时期的工程师和艺术家如何打造一种新的创意文化。马萨诸塞州剑桥:麻省理工学院出版社,geb。, 384 S., 52 Abb., 45 US . $,ISBN: 9780262044257。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00368-9
Vera Wolff
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引用次数: 0
Petra Terhoeven und Dirk Schumann 2021: Strategien der Selbstbehauptung. Vergangenheitspolitische Kommunikation an der Universität Göttingen (1945–1965) (= Veröffentlichungen des Zeitgeschichtlichen Arbeitskreises Niedersachsen, Bd. 36) und Christa Klein 2020: Elite und Krise. Expansion und „Selbstbehauptung“ der Philosophischen Fakultät Freiburg 1945–1967 (= Wissenschaftskulturen. Reihe III: Pallas Athene, Bd. 54). Petra Terhoeven和德克。舒曼2021:自信战略。卡尔·格拉纳(1945 ~ 1965年)大学相关政策交流(=下萨克森州历史工作小组成果,第36册)和Christa Klein 2020年:精英与危机。扩张和"自信"弗莱堡哲学学院李奥纳荷马,亨利大街小巷
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-021-00320-9
Alexander Mayer
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引用次数: 0
Technopolitical Construction of a River Basin: Turkey's Encounters and Adventures with the "TVA Idea". 河流流域的技术政治建设:土耳其与 "TVA 理念 "的邂逅与历险。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00357-y
Aybike Alkan

In the postwar era, the preferred approach to harnessing rivers was through integrated river basin planning (IRBP), which required a holistic focus on the river basin for multipurpose development. While the river basin is taken for granted as the natural unit of development in the definitions of the IRBP concept, this article problematizes the river basin idea and reveals the politics behind what has been deemed natural (scientific), with a specific focus on Turkey's experience with IRBP. It explores geopolitical and national motivations and challenges in the context of the scaling of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. By approaching IRBP as a process of scale-making, it draws from discussions of the politics of scale in the literature on political ecology, but also incorporates a historical dimension to these discussions with attention to the political and environmental histories of Southeastern Turkey, which became home to Turkey's first and most extensive IRBP project, the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).The article stretches the chronological boundaries of GAP to the decades prior to the 1970s, when the project was initiated, by analyzing archival materials, including the proceedings of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the archives of a daily newspaper, and the expert reports on GAP. The analysis highlights the politics of scale as a powerful constituent of the politics of technological development, and shows the significance of historical analysis to delineate the politics of river basin planning into different layers, including the level of geopolitics, territorial disputes, and international conflicts.

在战后时期,利用河流的首选方法是流域综合规划(IRBP),这要求从整体上关注流域的多用途发展。虽然在 IRBP 概念的定义中,流域理所当然地被视为发展的自然单位,但本文对流域理念提出了质疑,并揭示了被视为自然(科学)理念背后的政治因素,特别关注土耳其在 IRBP 方面的经验。文章以幼发拉底河-底格里斯河流域的规模为背景,探讨了地缘政治和国家动机及挑战。通过将 IRBP 作为一个制定规模的过程,文章借鉴了政治生态学文献中关于规模政治的讨论,同时还将这些讨论纳入了历史维度,关注土耳其东南部的政治和环境历史,该地区是土耳其第一个也是规模最大的 IRBP 项目--安纳托利亚东南部项目 (GAP) 的所在地。文章通过分析档案资料,包括土耳其大国民议会的会议记录、一份日报的档案资料以及有关 GAP 的专家报告,将 GAP 的时间界限延伸至 20 世纪 70 年代项目启动之前的几十年。分析强调了规模政治是技术发展政治的一个强有力的组成部分,并表明了历史分析在将河流流域规划政治划分为不同层面(包括地缘政治、领土争端和国际冲突层面)方面的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
[De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum : On the Epistemological Status of Taste Perception in Galen's Specific Pharmacology]. [De Gustibus Non-Est Disputandum:论味觉在盖伦特定药理学中的认识论地位]。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00358-x
Maximilian Haars

This article examines the role of taste perception in Galen's research on simple drugs in relation to the acquisition of knowledge. To this end, 1.) I make it plausible through an examination of sources that the sometimes increased, more detailed and divergent indications of taste compared to his predecessors, especially Dioscorides and Sextius Niger, are based on Galen's own research, 2.) reconstruct Galen's research practice and 3.) examine the presentation of his results in linguistic and logical terms and explain the differences to traditional pharmacology. I argue that a) gustatory perception has a special significance in Galen's work that goes far beyond its traditional descriptive function and b) that, starting from the realisation that taste and drug action are interrelated, he assigns to taste qualities an indicator function for a much more fundamental principle that causes drug action and thus c) has prepared the ground for a pharmacognosy that also classifies according to taste principles, which was to reach its climax much later. With a view to a practice of gustatory testing of herbal drugs that is still practised today in pharmacy, which, like any other natural science discipline, has otherwise largely lost the sensory reference to its subject matter, the article would therefore like to provide an encouragement to study the "history of pharmaceutical-medical tasting".

本文考察了味觉在盖伦对简单药物的研究中与知识获取的关系。为此,1。)我通过对来源的审查,认为与他的前任相比,口味的指示有时会增加、更详细、更不同,尤其是Dioscorides和Sextius Niger,这是基于盖伦自己的研究,2.)重建盖伦的研究实践;3.)从语言学和逻辑学的角度审视其研究成果的呈现,并解释其与传统药理学的差异。我认为,a)味觉在盖伦的作品中有着特殊的意义,远远超出了其传统的描述功能;b)从意识到味觉和药物作用是相互关联开始,他为味觉赋予了一个指示函数,用于一个更基本的原理,该原理导致药物作用,因此c)为同样根据味觉原理进行分类的生药学奠定了基础,该生药学在很久之后达到了顶峰。鉴于药学中至今仍在进行的草药味觉测试,与任何其他自然科学学科一样,药学在很大程度上已经失去了对其主题的感官参考,因此,本文希望鼓励研究“药物医学品尝史”。
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引用次数: 0
"We Witches." Knowledge Wars, Experience and Spirituality in the Women's Movement During the 1970s. "我们女巫"。20 世纪 70 年代妇女运动中的知识战争、经验与灵性》。
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-023-00359-w
Anne Kwaschik

During the 1970s, feminist activists reappropriated the figure of the witch in various ways as a symbol of alterity, political radicalism, feminist revolt or victimhood, or the presentation of subversive (healing or bodily) knowledge. The article investigates these witch constructions with a focus on its experiential foundations drawing on appropriations in Western Germany within a larger transatlantic history. First, it provides a brief overview of witch discourses in the 1970s, highlighting radical feminist, health-political and artistic milieus, based on representative Western European journals and movement literature. The article emphasizes the variety of witch images and its epistemic foci, showing that however different these approaches may appear, they all created women's alterity. Second, the article examines alternative practices of knowledge production, focusing on health guides and advice literature, as well as on approaches to experience in consciousness-raising groups. This section demonstrates how witch discourses both enabled the movement's knowledge empowerment, but were also part of complex boundary work within the milieus, such as in the debates about the relationship between experiential knowledge and theory. The last section shows how closely and in what ways spiritualist approaches were linked to this boundary work. The article argues that feminist milieus constituted themselves within the framework of feminist epistemologies against and within established knowledge cultures, thereby drawing further boundaries within the movement. In analyzing the "evidence of experience" (Scott) produced by witch discourses its overarching aim is to demonstrate that their historical relevance initially laid in its standpoint-creating character.

20 世纪 70 年代,女权主义活动家以各种方式重新利用女巫的形象,将其作为另类、政治激进主义、女权反抗或受害者身份的象征,或作为颠覆性(治疗或身体)知识的呈现。文章研究了这些女巫形象的构建,重点关注其经验基础,并在更广阔的跨大西洋历史中借鉴了西德对女巫形象的利用。首先,文章以西欧代表性期刊和运动文献为基础,简要概述了 20 世纪 70 年代的女巫论述,突出强调了激进女权主义、健康政治和艺术环境。文章强调了女巫形象的多样性及其认识论焦点,表明无论这些方法看起来多么不同,它们都创造了女性的改变性。其次,文章研究了知识生产的另类实践,重点关注健康指南和建议性文献,以及提高意识团体的经验方法。这一部分展示了巫术话语是如何使运动的知识赋权得以实现的,同时也是环境中复杂的边界工作的一部分,例如在关于经验知识与理论之间关系的辩论中。最后一部分展示了灵修方法与这种边界工作的密切联系和联系方式。文章认为,女性主义环境在女性主义认识论的框架内构成了自己,并与既有的知识文化相对抗,从而在运动内部划定了更多的界限。在分析女巫话语所产生的 "经验证据"(斯科特语)时,文章的首要目的是证明女巫话语的历史意义最初在于其创造立场的特性。
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引用次数: 0
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NTM
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