Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191928
J. M. Gathof, J.B. Bassich
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operates a fleet of eight multidisciplinary survey ships deployed throughout the world dedicated to collecting hydrographic and oceanographic data. Leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) communication, network, enterprise management, and system integration technologies, NAVOCEANO Survey Operations Center (SOC) focused on the continuous improvement of survey quality and reduction of the time required to deliver products to clients. The COTS components include rsync as a file replication system, IBM MQSeries as a real-time message bus, and Computer Associates Unicenter as an enterprise management system. In addition, Perl is used as an integration language, and various web/visualization and database technologies are incorporated into the design. The SOC infrastructure was initially developed to support a continuous asymmetrical high bandwidth (2.048-Mbit ship to shore/384-Kbit shore to ship). It was subsequently adapted to support dial-up symmetrical low bandwidth (64-Kbit) communication links. This paper presents a technical overview infrastructure to be implemented into the environment in 2002. It concentrates on the COTS technologies that were assembled into a unified system, how the system was connected to the existing ship data acquisition systems, and information transport mechanisms. It also covers the use of enterprise management, network management tools, and Web and other technologies to make the information available to the scientists throughout NAVOCEANO.
{"title":"Developing an infrastructure for the Naval Oceanographic Office Survey Operations Center","authors":"J. M. Gathof, J.B. Bassich","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191928","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operates a fleet of eight multidisciplinary survey ships deployed throughout the world dedicated to collecting hydrographic and oceanographic data. Leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) communication, network, enterprise management, and system integration technologies, NAVOCEANO Survey Operations Center (SOC) focused on the continuous improvement of survey quality and reduction of the time required to deliver products to clients. The COTS components include rsync as a file replication system, IBM MQSeries as a real-time message bus, and Computer Associates Unicenter as an enterprise management system. In addition, Perl is used as an integration language, and various web/visualization and database technologies are incorporated into the design. The SOC infrastructure was initially developed to support a continuous asymmetrical high bandwidth (2.048-Mbit ship to shore/384-Kbit shore to ship). It was subsequently adapted to support dial-up symmetrical low bandwidth (64-Kbit) communication links. This paper presents a technical overview infrastructure to be implemented into the environment in 2002. It concentrates on the COTS technologies that were assembled into a unified system, how the system was connected to the existing ship data acquisition systems, and information transport mechanisms. It also covers the use of enterprise management, network management tools, and Web and other technologies to make the information available to the scientists throughout NAVOCEANO.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125671822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192078
G. Peggion, D. Fox, C. Barron
MODAS-NRLPOM is a scalable, portable, and rapidly relocatable system for nowcasting and short-term (2-day) forecasting in support of real-time naval operations. The analyses and forecasts can be available within an hour or two of a request, making the system useful in emergency situations. The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) combines remote sensed data (altimetry and sea surface temperature) with in situ measurements to produce an analysis of the ocean that can be considerably more accurate than conventional climatology. Geostrophic velocities are derived from the T and S distributions, and the barotropic transport is computed from the computed dynamic height. The MODAS nowcast field provides initial and boundary condition for NRLPOM, a version of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) that has been implemented at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for real-time naval applications. We will present the results from real-time exercises in coastal domains. The goals are: 1) to determine the network of observations necessary for accurate dynamical and acoustic prediction in coastal waters, 2) to verify the accuracy of the operational datasets available for the MODAS nowcast, and 3) to evaluate the nowcast and forecast capabilities using model-data comparisons.
{"title":"A rapidly relocatable prediction system: operational implementation and validation","authors":"G. Peggion, D. Fox, C. Barron","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192078","url":null,"abstract":"MODAS-NRLPOM is a scalable, portable, and rapidly relocatable system for nowcasting and short-term (2-day) forecasting in support of real-time naval operations. The analyses and forecasts can be available within an hour or two of a request, making the system useful in emergency situations. The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) combines remote sensed data (altimetry and sea surface temperature) with in situ measurements to produce an analysis of the ocean that can be considerably more accurate than conventional climatology. Geostrophic velocities are derived from the T and S distributions, and the barotropic transport is computed from the computed dynamic height. The MODAS nowcast field provides initial and boundary condition for NRLPOM, a version of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) that has been implemented at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for real-time naval applications. We will present the results from real-time exercises in coastal domains. The goals are: 1) to determine the network of observations necessary for accurate dynamical and acoustic prediction in coastal waters, 2) to verify the accuracy of the operational datasets available for the MODAS nowcast, and 3) to evaluate the nowcast and forecast capabilities using model-data comparisons.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193275
Y. Pétillot, S. Reed, J. Bell
Robust pipeline tracking is critical for AUV technology to succeed in the commercial sector. The paper presents two techniques for reliably detecting and tracking pipelines using multi-beam echo-sounder and side-scan sonar systems. Because of the specific nature of the problem, a lot of prior knowledge can be used. Our algorithms use a model-based Bayesian approach. They are both efficient and robust to variations of the model and noise. Results are shown on real data sets in both cases. The algorithms are compatible with real-time implementation.
{"title":"Real time AUV pipeline detection and tracking using side scan sonar and multi-beam echo-sounder","authors":"Y. Pétillot, S. Reed, J. Bell","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193275","url":null,"abstract":"Robust pipeline tracking is critical for AUV technology to succeed in the commercial sector. The paper presents two techniques for reliably detecting and tracking pipelines using multi-beam echo-sounder and side-scan sonar systems. Because of the specific nature of the problem, a lot of prior knowledge can be used. Our algorithms use a model-based Bayesian approach. They are both efficient and robust to variations of the model and noise. Results are shown on real data sets in both cases. The algorithms are compatible with real-time implementation.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"65 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113988518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193332
J. S. Dhanoa, R. Ormondroyd
This paper describes a new system architecture for high data rate digital acoustic communication over a shallow underwater channel that is subject to severe Doppler and time delay spread. The method uses high-resolution channel characterization in the time and frequency domains to resolve the main multipath components. This is followed by successive interference cancellation using the Doppler and time delay information for each of the multipaths independently. Directional antennas are not required to spatially filter the multipath components and the simulation results presented are for an omnidirectional receiver. The method works at SNRs as low as 5dB.
{"title":"Combined differential Doppler and time delay compensation for an underwater acoustic communication system","authors":"J. S. Dhanoa, R. Ormondroyd","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193332","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new system architecture for high data rate digital acoustic communication over a shallow underwater channel that is subject to severe Doppler and time delay spread. The method uses high-resolution channel characterization in the time and frequency domains to resolve the main multipath components. This is followed by successive interference cancellation using the Doppler and time delay information for each of the multipaths independently. Directional antennas are not required to spatially filter the multipath components and the simulation results presented are for an omnidirectional receiver. The method works at SNRs as low as 5dB.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131452934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192111
N.E. Perugini
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is producing a suite of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) that will cover the coastal waters of the United States, the Great Lakes and U.S. territories. NOAA ENCs are produced in the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) format as defined in edition 3.1 of publication S-57: IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data. ENCs are compiled from original source materials where appropriate to provide the most accurate data available. The ENC database will be kept in continual maintenance (i.e. updated on a weekly basis), allowing ENC users to obtain vector data sets that contain the most up to date and accurate information. By the conclusion of fiscal year 2002, NOAA shall have completed 215 ENCs. These ENCs, in large part will cover the 40 major commercial ports in the U.S. NOAA also has plans to have a monthly updating service in place by October 1, 2002.
{"title":"NOAA's Electronic Navigational Chart program","authors":"N.E. Perugini","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192111","url":null,"abstract":"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is producing a suite of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) that will cover the coastal waters of the United States, the Great Lakes and U.S. territories. NOAA ENCs are produced in the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) format as defined in edition 3.1 of publication S-57: IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data. ENCs are compiled from original source materials where appropriate to provide the most accurate data available. The ENC database will be kept in continual maintenance (i.e. updated on a weekly basis), allowing ENC users to obtain vector data sets that contain the most up to date and accurate information. By the conclusion of fiscal year 2002, NOAA shall have completed 215 ENCs. These ENCs, in large part will cover the 40 major commercial ports in the U.S. NOAA also has plans to have a monthly updating service in place by October 1, 2002.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128054357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193338
Jiang-Yao Chen, Shun-Hsyung Chang
A modified back propagation (BP) neural network based PN code acquisition system is presented. Conventional neural network based acquisition systems are usually trained on PN code, but this system is based on training a back propagation neural network at all possible phase of the output of correlation detector which is modified by a recursive accumulator. The recursive accumulator can converge the input of neural network into a limited sample space, and BP neural network will acquire the phase of received PN code from the converged data. The advantages of this system are that the gain of the system is controllable and the sample space of the training data is limited. The BP neural network is used to distinguish the transmitted signal and noise. Computer simulations show that the proposed system can acquire the phase of the received PN code correctly at very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) in an AWGN channel and underwater acoustic channel.
{"title":"Application of BP neural network based PN code acquisition system in underwater DSSS acoustic communication","authors":"Jiang-Yao Chen, Shun-Hsyung Chang","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193338","url":null,"abstract":"A modified back propagation (BP) neural network based PN code acquisition system is presented. Conventional neural network based acquisition systems are usually trained on PN code, but this system is based on training a back propagation neural network at all possible phase of the output of correlation detector which is modified by a recursive accumulator. The recursive accumulator can converge the input of neural network into a limited sample space, and BP neural network will acquire the phase of received PN code from the converged data. The advantages of this system are that the gain of the system is controllable and the sample space of the training data is limited. The BP neural network is used to distinguish the transmitted signal and noise. Computer simulations show that the proposed system can acquire the phase of the received PN code correctly at very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) in an AWGN channel and underwater acoustic channel.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133339793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191849
A. Frankel, W. Ellison, J. Buchanan
Minimizing and mitigating the potential effect of sound upon the environment is an increasing concern for many activities. Naval operations, seismic exploration, vessel and aircraft operations, and scientific investigations now need to consider the potential effect of underwater acoustic sources. Marine mammals are usually the primary concern, due to their widespread distribution and excellent hearing. Predicting the exposure of marine mammals is complicated by their diving behavior, which causes them to 'sample' many depth strata within the water column. Acoustic propagation and sound received levels are a function of depth as well as range. The Acoustic Integration Model (AIM) addresses this specific complication. A principal component of the central engine of AIM is a movement simulator. Both sound sources and animals, collectively addressed as 'ANIMATS', are programmed to move in location and depth over time in a realistic function. Animal movement is based on documented regional and seasonal behavioral data for each species generated. Acoustic sources and receivers are programmed to move through a virtual acoustic environment based on external environmental databases and radiated sound fields created from a choice of several propagation models. The integration component of the AIM engine then predicts the exposure level of each simulated animal at successive operator-selected time steps. Furthermore, each animat can evaluate its environment at each time step, and can be programmed to alter direction or diving behavior in response to any variable, such as sound level or sea depth. The model therefore allows the user to predict the effects of different operational scenarios and animal response levels, thereby allowing the selection of the alternative that produces the least impact and still meets operation requirements.
{"title":"Application of the Acoustic Integration Model (AIM) to predict and minimize environmental impacts","authors":"A. Frankel, W. Ellison, J. Buchanan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191849","url":null,"abstract":"Minimizing and mitigating the potential effect of sound upon the environment is an increasing concern for many activities. Naval operations, seismic exploration, vessel and aircraft operations, and scientific investigations now need to consider the potential effect of underwater acoustic sources. Marine mammals are usually the primary concern, due to their widespread distribution and excellent hearing. Predicting the exposure of marine mammals is complicated by their diving behavior, which causes them to 'sample' many depth strata within the water column. Acoustic propagation and sound received levels are a function of depth as well as range. The Acoustic Integration Model (AIM) addresses this specific complication. A principal component of the central engine of AIM is a movement simulator. Both sound sources and animals, collectively addressed as 'ANIMATS', are programmed to move in location and depth over time in a realistic function. Animal movement is based on documented regional and seasonal behavioral data for each species generated. Acoustic sources and receivers are programmed to move through a virtual acoustic environment based on external environmental databases and radiated sound fields created from a choice of several propagation models. The integration component of the AIM engine then predicts the exposure level of each simulated animal at successive operator-selected time steps. Furthermore, each animat can evaluate its environment at each time step, and can be programmed to alter direction or diving behavior in response to any variable, such as sound level or sea depth. The model therefore allows the user to predict the effects of different operational scenarios and animal response levels, thereby allowing the selection of the alternative that produces the least impact and still meets operation requirements.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133664319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193326
E. N. Buckley, M. Fletcher, L. Pietrafesa, M. Moss
The Carolinas Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction System (Caro-COOPS) is a partnership between the University of South Carolina's Belle W. Baruch Institute, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington to establish the capacity to monitor and model estuarine and coastal ocean conditions in the Carolinas. The goal of Caro-COOPS is prediction. Caro-COOPS represents a wholly integrated system that provides three major advances in coastal ocean observing system capacities and capabilities in the region. First, it establishes an extensive array of instrumented moorings in the South Atlantic Bight. Second, it includes a comprehensive data management system, essential for access to, and integration of, high quality, real-time data. Third, it incorporates an advanced suite of integrated models that will markedly improve the predictive capacities of real-time physical data from coastal ocean instrumentation A number of steps are being taken to achieve the linkages among the various national and state organizations and institutions that will be necessary to provide marine scientific information to decision-makers. First, the Caro-COOPS architecture spans the atmosphere, oceans, and land interfaces and interactions. It includes the spatial density and temporal requirements of addressing high-frequency variability, the "weather", and the fine-scale resolution required to detect variations in low-frequency variability, the "climate". Second, the system is flexible in order to address a broad base of users and a wide spectrum of coastal issues. Third, attention is paid to the continuity of data and integrity of the observations, and data access is free and open. Long-term stewardship of the data and access to data archives has equal priority to that of making new measurements. Finally, the system builds on existing regional operational elements and will link to other state and federal observing systems nationally. Caro-COOPS predictive products and services will be able to address a number of integrative and cross-cutting issues, such as natural hazards mitigation, sustainable fisheries, water quality and transport of pollutants, human health, and national security. Early priority has been given to those measurements that are essential for real-time prediction and analyses of storm surge and flooding before and during landfall of coastal storms.
{"title":"The Carolinas Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction System","authors":"E. N. Buckley, M. Fletcher, L. Pietrafesa, M. Moss","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193326","url":null,"abstract":"The Carolinas Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction System (Caro-COOPS) is a partnership between the University of South Carolina's Belle W. Baruch Institute, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington to establish the capacity to monitor and model estuarine and coastal ocean conditions in the Carolinas. The goal of Caro-COOPS is prediction. Caro-COOPS represents a wholly integrated system that provides three major advances in coastal ocean observing system capacities and capabilities in the region. First, it establishes an extensive array of instrumented moorings in the South Atlantic Bight. Second, it includes a comprehensive data management system, essential for access to, and integration of, high quality, real-time data. Third, it incorporates an advanced suite of integrated models that will markedly improve the predictive capacities of real-time physical data from coastal ocean instrumentation A number of steps are being taken to achieve the linkages among the various national and state organizations and institutions that will be necessary to provide marine scientific information to decision-makers. First, the Caro-COOPS architecture spans the atmosphere, oceans, and land interfaces and interactions. It includes the spatial density and temporal requirements of addressing high-frequency variability, the \"weather\", and the fine-scale resolution required to detect variations in low-frequency variability, the \"climate\". Second, the system is flexible in order to address a broad base of users and a wide spectrum of coastal issues. Third, attention is paid to the continuity of data and integrity of the observations, and data access is free and open. Long-term stewardship of the data and access to data archives has equal priority to that of making new measurements. Finally, the system builds on existing regional operational elements and will link to other state and federal observing systems nationally. Caro-COOPS predictive products and services will be able to address a number of integrative and cross-cutting issues, such as natural hazards mitigation, sustainable fisheries, water quality and transport of pollutants, human health, and national security. Early priority has been given to those measurements that are essential for real-time prediction and analyses of storm surge and flooding before and during landfall of coastal storms.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133740683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193248
K.P. Hemsteter, D. DelBalzo
A genetic algorithm is used in non-homogeneous and anisotropic environments to nearly optimize sonar search tracks. The optimization metric is maximum cumulative detection probability for a specified sonar (passive or active) against a target with specified characteristics (acoustic and tactical) during a fixed time period. This application for search planning is named GRASP, for Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning. A validation of GRASP solutions in various ocean environments is shown under benchmark conditions, i.e., fairly simple synthetic environments and a simple target distribution. Directional, range-dependent sonar performance (signal excess) is estimated from parabolic equation calculations of transmission loss. The search tracks produced by the genetic algorithm are generally intuitive; they usually remain in high detection areas. When track solutions are counter-intuitive, we explain unexpected behavior (e.g., zigzag turns, tracks offset from symmetric features, and occasional departures from high detection areas) in terms of details in the acoustic field.
{"title":"Acoustic benchmark validation of GRASP ASW search plans","authors":"K.P. Hemsteter, D. DelBalzo","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193248","url":null,"abstract":"A genetic algorithm is used in non-homogeneous and anisotropic environments to nearly optimize sonar search tracks. The optimization metric is maximum cumulative detection probability for a specified sonar (passive or active) against a target with specified characteristics (acoustic and tactical) during a fixed time period. This application for search planning is named GRASP, for Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning. A validation of GRASP solutions in various ocean environments is shown under benchmark conditions, i.e., fairly simple synthetic environments and a simple target distribution. Directional, range-dependent sonar performance (signal excess) is estimated from parabolic equation calculations of transmission loss. The search tracks produced by the genetic algorithm are generally intuitive; they usually remain in high detection areas. When track solutions are counter-intuitive, we explain unexpected behavior (e.g., zigzag turns, tracks offset from symmetric features, and occasional departures from high detection areas) in terms of details in the acoustic field.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133901694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191876
D. Wakeham, J. Fabre, D. Builder, M. Earle, J. Wilson
The Neptune Sciences, Inc. (NSI), Renewable Energy Group has developed a project management plan to develop "Power from the Sea" technologies in well defined phases. Using a multi-phase process, NSI will first provide renewable power solutions to military bases and then to residential communities, state and local businesses. The NSI Renewable Energy Group has focused their project management expertise in three types of renewable energy: Off-shore Wind Turbines (OSWTs); Current/Tide Energy Converters (C/TECs); and Wave Energy Converters (WECs). Solar energy is an area of planned expansion for the group. This paper includes an outline of the NSI Renewable Energy Group project management approach for WEC projects, a discussion of various wave energy technologies, including their states of development and commercialization potential, non-grid connected applications for WECs are discussed including distributed generation, power desalination plants, hydrogen generation, and beach erosion abatement. The NSI Wave Renewable Energy Group consists of experts in weather and wave modeling, environmental permitting, WEC performance modeling for project specific siting plans, and economic modeling, to determine an accurate forecast of the project cost of energy and internal rate of return. NSI uses the Distributed Integrated Ocean Prediction System (DIOPS) to estimate the wave energy in the customer's area of interest, to determine the ocean wave energy resource potential available for a particular customer. DIOPS allows for deep-water waves to be propagated across ocean basins, using the WAve Model (WAM), over the shelf, using a variety of nearshore wave models including Delft Hydraulics Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), the Steady-state WAVE model (STWAVE), and the REFraction/DIFfraction model (REF/DIF). DIOPS can also propagate the resultant wave spectra into the surf zone, via the Navy Standard Surf Model (NSSM). Using an extensive database of WEC developers, NSI is able to determine the optimum performing and economically efficient WECs, which can be employed in the customer's operating area. At the same time, NSI has personnel experienced in obtaining the necessary environmental permits for installing the best performing WEC that conforms to the environmental sensitivities of the area. By using existing commercial technologies, and applying them to the customer's need, NSI is able to develop "green energy" solutions, which meet both the customer's power requirements and monetary budgets.
Neptune Sciences, Inc. (NSI)可再生能源集团制定了一项项目管理计划，以在明确的阶段开发“海上发电”技术。采用多阶段流程，NSI将首先为军事基地提供可再生能源解决方案，然后为住宅社区、州和当地企业提供解决方案。NSI可再生能源集团将其项目管理专业知识集中在三种类型的可再生能源上:海上风力涡轮机(oswt);电流/潮汐能转换器(C/ tec);和波浪能量转换器(WECs)。太阳能是该集团计划扩张的一个领域。本文概述了NSI可再生能源集团对WEC项目的项目管理方法，讨论了各种波浪能技术，包括其发展状态和商业化潜力，讨论了WEC的非电网连接应用，包括分布式发电、电力淡化厂、制氢和海滩侵蚀减少。NSI波浪可再生能源小组由天气和波浪建模、环境许可、项目具体选址计划的WEC性能建模和经济建模专家组成，以确定项目能源成本和内部回报率的准确预测。NSI使用分布式综合海洋预测系统(DIOPS)来估计客户感兴趣区域的海浪能量，以确定特定客户可用的海浪能量资源潜力。DIOPS允许深水波通过海洋盆地传播，使用波浪模型(WAM)，越过大陆架，使用各种近岸波模型，包括代尔夫特水力学模拟近岸波(SWAN)，稳态波模型(STWAVE)和折射/衍射模型(REF/DIF)。DIOPS还可以通过海军标准冲浪模型(NSSM)将合成的波浪谱传播到冲浪区。利用WEC开发人员的广泛数据库，NSI能够确定性能最佳且经济高效的WEC，这些WEC可以在客户的操作区域中使用。同时，NSI拥有经验丰富的人员，可以获得必要的环境许可，以安装符合该地区环境敏感性的最佳性能WEC。通过使用现有的商业技术，并将其应用于客户的需求，NSI能够开发“绿色能源”解决方案，既满足客户的电力需求，又满足客户的资金预算。
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