Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191948
R. Swanson, S. C. Cash, W.C. Pettway, C. Peterson, K. Sharp
The Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO's) Ocean Projects Department's unique and highly specialized roll-on/roll-off unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) deployed worldwide are used to collect data and information for the U. S. Navy. The Towed Ocean Survey System (TOSS) package is a fine-scale survey system, capable of surveying in water depths down to 6000 meters, which includes a comprehensive suite of data collection equipment (video, digital images, side scan, and sub-bottom profiler, et al.), suitable for a variety of mission objectives. TOSS is comprised of two complete systems; each system consists of a UUV and 5 support vans. Semi-Autonomous Mapping System (SAMS) is a new adjunct to the TOSS system. SAMS operates within an acoustic tether to the ship and will support high-speed, broad area characterization. The SEAMAP consists of two complete systems and collects large-scale, high-resolution side scan data in 20-km swaths as well as bathymetric data. The SEAHORSE system, NAVOCEANO's state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle, currently consists of two complete systems (with a third on the way), and is an evolving system, designed to perform its mission objectives considering a variety of site specific data collection requirements. The flexibility of all of these systems gives the Ocean Collections Division an essential role in the community of data collection activities that provide the U. S. Navy with essential information.
{"title":"A current overview of NAVOCEANO's Ocean Projects Department's roll-on/roll-off data collection vehicles and support systems","authors":"R. Swanson, S. C. Cash, W.C. Pettway, C. Peterson, K. Sharp","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191948","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO's) Ocean Projects Department's unique and highly specialized roll-on/roll-off unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) deployed worldwide are used to collect data and information for the U. S. Navy. The Towed Ocean Survey System (TOSS) package is a fine-scale survey system, capable of surveying in water depths down to 6000 meters, which includes a comprehensive suite of data collection equipment (video, digital images, side scan, and sub-bottom profiler, et al.), suitable for a variety of mission objectives. TOSS is comprised of two complete systems; each system consists of a UUV and 5 support vans. Semi-Autonomous Mapping System (SAMS) is a new adjunct to the TOSS system. SAMS operates within an acoustic tether to the ship and will support high-speed, broad area characterization. The SEAMAP consists of two complete systems and collects large-scale, high-resolution side scan data in 20-km swaths as well as bathymetric data. The SEAHORSE system, NAVOCEANO's state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle, currently consists of two complete systems (with a third on the way), and is an evolving system, designed to perform its mission objectives considering a variety of site specific data collection requirements. The flexibility of all of these systems gives the Ocean Collections Division an essential role in the community of data collection activities that provide the U. S. Navy with essential information.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134251508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840
K. Scarbrough, M. Revesz, M. Thompson
Sonar performance predictions often ignore the aspect dependence of target strength and echo return signal structure. In many cases, a single value is used to represent the target strength of a particular target or target type, or at best, a random fluctuation is attributed to the received target echo level on successive pings. Inclusion of the actual target aspect dependence is a straightforward procedure for a single ping sonar-mine encounter, given measured target strength over sufficient aspect angles. Estimation of multiping detector performance is somewhat more complicated when multiple looks at the target echo level and/or signal structure are available. This paper describes a procedure that uses measured target strength data to generate Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves describing expected sonar performance over a specified number of pings and arbitrary aspect angle sector width.
{"title":"Multiping detection performance against bottom mines","authors":"K. Scarbrough, M. Revesz, M. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840","url":null,"abstract":"Sonar performance predictions often ignore the aspect dependence of target strength and echo return signal structure. In many cases, a single value is used to represent the target strength of a particular target or target type, or at best, a random fluctuation is attributed to the received target echo level on successive pings. Inclusion of the actual target aspect dependence is a straightforward procedure for a single ping sonar-mine encounter, given measured target strength over sufficient aspect angles. Estimation of multiping detector performance is somewhat more complicated when multiple looks at the target echo level and/or signal structure are available. This paper describes a procedure that uses measured target strength data to generate Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves describing expected sonar performance over a specified number of pings and arbitrary aspect angle sector width.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130134513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193263
E. Dzielski, C. Tangirala, W. W. Moyer, D. L. Bradley
After an initial conceptual design phase, the Applied Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University (ARL/Penn State) began in April 1999 design and construction of an autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) to specifications provided by the Naval Oceanographic Office of the United States Navy (NAVOCEANO). The first Seahorse AUV was delivered for testing 13 months later. An additional vehicle has been delivered and a third is under construction for NAVOCEANO. This paper describes the requirements for which the vehicles were designed and the actual construction of the vehicle, and presents some examples of the types of missions that have been run.
{"title":"NAVOCEANO Seahorse AUV design, testing, and capabilities","authors":"E. Dzielski, C. Tangirala, W. W. Moyer, D. L. Bradley","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193263","url":null,"abstract":"After an initial conceptual design phase, the Applied Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University (ARL/Penn State) began in April 1999 design and construction of an autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) to specifications provided by the Naval Oceanographic Office of the United States Navy (NAVOCEANO). The first Seahorse AUV was delivered for testing 13 months later. An additional vehicle has been delivered and a third is under construction for NAVOCEANO. This paper describes the requirements for which the vehicles were designed and the actual construction of the vehicle, and presents some examples of the types of missions that have been run.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"240 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193314
S. Guyonic, M. Cellerier
The paper deals with the problem of buried mine detection and classification. GESMA (Groupe d'Etudes Sous-Marine de l'Atlantique) has been working on a new sonar concept for several months. A specific tool has been designed, made of a 2 m /spl times/ 2m frame mounted on four legs to support and track sonar to permit 2D scanning of the seafloor. First, a non linear source is used and gathers data at sea, over different buried objects up to 50 cm, highlighting the interest of this sonar concept. The 2D sonar scan permits a 3D data matrix to be collected from which the detection and classification operations may be done step by step using successive 1D data (one sonar shot), multiple 2D images then multiple 3D displays. Presented results demonstrate the ability to classify and almost identify the buried object. Unfortunately, the use of the non linear effect may be risky for greater burial depth because the technique does not have good power efficiency. To overcome this problem, the use of a direct low frequency is envisaged. The high resolution needed for buried object classification is then achieved with the application of SAS processing. Since 2D scanning of the seafloor is made, we show that 2D SAS processing is made possible. The paper describes the new algorithm and presents experiments and results obtained after processing. The first experiments and processes give encouraging results on buried targets up to 1 m. The technique seems ideally suited for detecting and classifying buried mines.
本文研究了地埋地雷的探测与分类问题。GESMA (Groupe d'Etudes Sous-Marine de l' atlanantique)几个月来一直在研究一种新的声纳概念。设计了一种特殊的工具，由一个2米/ 1米/ 2米的框架组成，安装在四条腿上，以支持和跟踪声纳，从而允许对海底进行2D扫描。首先，使用非线性源并在海上收集数据，在50厘米的不同埋藏物体上收集数据，突出了这种声纳概念的兴趣。2D声纳扫描允许收集3D数据矩阵，从中可以使用连续的1D数据(一次声纳拍摄)，多个2D图像然后多个3D显示逐步完成检测和分类操作。给出的结果证明了分类和几乎识别被埋物体的能力。不幸的是，由于该技术没有很好的功率效率，因此在较大的埋藏深度下使用非线性效应可能存在风险。为了克服这个问题，设想使用直接低频。应用SAS处理，实现了地物分类所需的高分辨率。由于对海底进行了二维扫描，我们表明二维SAS处理是可能的。本文介绍了新算法，并给出了实验结果和处理后的结果。第一次试验和处理在1米深的地下目标上取得了令人鼓舞的结果。这项技术似乎非常适合探测和分类埋藏的地雷。
{"title":"Buried mines detection and classification : 2D-SAS processing definition and experimental results","authors":"S. Guyonic, M. Cellerier","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193314","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of buried mine detection and classification. GESMA (Groupe d'Etudes Sous-Marine de l'Atlantique) has been working on a new sonar concept for several months. A specific tool has been designed, made of a 2 m /spl times/ 2m frame mounted on four legs to support and track sonar to permit 2D scanning of the seafloor. First, a non linear source is used and gathers data at sea, over different buried objects up to 50 cm, highlighting the interest of this sonar concept. The 2D sonar scan permits a 3D data matrix to be collected from which the detection and classification operations may be done step by step using successive 1D data (one sonar shot), multiple 2D images then multiple 3D displays. Presented results demonstrate the ability to classify and almost identify the buried object. Unfortunately, the use of the non linear effect may be risky for greater burial depth because the technique does not have good power efficiency. To overcome this problem, the use of a direct low frequency is envisaged. The high resolution needed for buried object classification is then achieved with the application of SAS processing. Since 2D scanning of the seafloor is made, we show that 2D SAS processing is made possible. The paper describes the new algorithm and presents experiments and results obtained after processing. The first experiments and processes give encouraging results on buried targets up to 1 m. The technique seems ideally suited for detecting and classifying buried mines.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133281281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191850
J. George, R. Field
The 1995 SWARM experiment off the coast of New Jersey acquired detailed range-dependent sound speed profile data along the acoustic path. In parabolic equation model simulations in this environment for a 1000 Hz source at 50 m depth, energy transfer to a patch above the thermocline was discovered; the transfer was special to that frequency. To identify the mechanism that caused this phenomenon, Fourier analysis of spatial (range) variation of sound speeds was performed. The results were analyzed using Zhou, Zhang, and Rogers' well-known formula [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2042-2054 (1991)]. The analysis has shown that internal wave structure over the 17 to 22 km range is responsible for energy transfer from lower to higher modes. Mode 17 is the lowest mode that has its amplitude peak above the thermocline, and it peaks at the location of the patch. Energy transfers to modes 6, 7, and 17 have been identified with the use of the formula.
{"title":"A resonance explanation of mode coupling in SWARM data","authors":"J. George, R. Field","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191850","url":null,"abstract":"The 1995 SWARM experiment off the coast of New Jersey acquired detailed range-dependent sound speed profile data along the acoustic path. In parabolic equation model simulations in this environment for a 1000 Hz source at 50 m depth, energy transfer to a patch above the thermocline was discovered; the transfer was special to that frequency. To identify the mechanism that caused this phenomenon, Fourier analysis of spatial (range) variation of sound speeds was performed. The results were analyzed using Zhou, Zhang, and Rogers' well-known formula [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2042-2054 (1991)]. The analysis has shown that internal wave structure over the 17 to 22 km range is responsible for energy transfer from lower to higher modes. Mode 17 is the lowest mode that has its amplitude peak above the thermocline, and it peaks at the location of the patch. Energy transfers to modes 6, 7, and 17 have been identified with the use of the formula.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133442551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192082
M. El-Diasty, A. El-Rabbany, G. Auda
Marine operations in ice-covered waters require reliable and timely information about the sea ice conditions. The Canadian Ice Service produces and distributes the ice information to mariners operating in the Canadian water in the form of daily ice charts. Unfortunately, however, due to the time difference between the production and the use of the ice charts, the ice information is always out of date, which endangers the safety of marine operations. To efficiently overcome this problem, a reliable model for predicting the sea ice conditions (concentrations) over time is developed. Inspecting the ice charts for the period 1987 to 1998 showed that the sea ice conditions change according to a regular pattern to some extent. Therefore, a neutral network function approximation system could model, and hence predict, these changes efficiently when trained using multiple-year ice concentrations readings. The data used in training the neural network are extracted from the ice charts for the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada. The input to the network is a vector which represents the current ice concentrations over a test area containing 40 points. The input vector is mapped to an output vector that gives the predicted ice concentrations.
{"title":"Predicting sea ice conditions for marine operations in ice-covered waters","authors":"M. El-Diasty, A. El-Rabbany, G. Auda","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192082","url":null,"abstract":"Marine operations in ice-covered waters require reliable and timely information about the sea ice conditions. The Canadian Ice Service produces and distributes the ice information to mariners operating in the Canadian water in the form of daily ice charts. Unfortunately, however, due to the time difference between the production and the use of the ice charts, the ice information is always out of date, which endangers the safety of marine operations. To efficiently overcome this problem, a reliable model for predicting the sea ice conditions (concentrations) over time is developed. Inspecting the ice charts for the period 1987 to 1998 showed that the sea ice conditions change according to a regular pattern to some extent. Therefore, a neutral network function approximation system could model, and hence predict, these changes efficiently when trained using multiple-year ice concentrations readings. The data used in training the neural network are extracted from the ice charts for the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada. The input to the network is a vector which represents the current ice concentrations over a test area containing 40 points. The input vector is mapped to an output vector that gives the predicted ice concentrations.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191946
G. Mcdonald, M. Naiman
This paper outlines various heat-transfer methods utilizing modern fabrication techniques in conjunction with computer modeling to provide low-risk alternatives for thermal management. It presents details of a particular heat pipe configuration capable of dissipating 400 watts through a 9 1/2-inch diameter, 2-inch-thick grade 5 titanium endcap. Traditional dry contact methods, liquid cooling, and improved geometry are also discussed. The amount of power delivered to cabled systems is on the rise. As all-electric ROVs, manned submersibles, and high-powered cabled seafloor observatories come on line, inevitable inefficiencies mean that these systems must dissipate more heat. The rationale for this effort is multifaceted. Excessive heat is the enemy of solid-state electronics. It affects component longevity and efficiency in addition to introducing undesired drift in instrumentation. Increased component density is creating more heat per volume. Additionally, power conversion modules and improved motor drives are decreasing in form factor and providing less area for heat dissipation. New and improved heat-transfer methods will facilitate a greater selection of appropriate pressure case materials. Titanium, stainless steel, plastics, and ceramics should not be disallowed because they limit heat transfer. Trends in electronic components and material selection can continue to improve system design without compromising overall heat transfer. Thermal engineering needs to be part of the system integration at the onset of a project's design.
{"title":"Heat-transfer advances for submerged oceanographic systems","authors":"G. Mcdonald, M. Naiman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines various heat-transfer methods utilizing modern fabrication techniques in conjunction with computer modeling to provide low-risk alternatives for thermal management. It presents details of a particular heat pipe configuration capable of dissipating 400 watts through a 9 1/2-inch diameter, 2-inch-thick grade 5 titanium endcap. Traditional dry contact methods, liquid cooling, and improved geometry are also discussed. The amount of power delivered to cabled systems is on the rise. As all-electric ROVs, manned submersibles, and high-powered cabled seafloor observatories come on line, inevitable inefficiencies mean that these systems must dissipate more heat. The rationale for this effort is multifaceted. Excessive heat is the enemy of solid-state electronics. It affects component longevity and efficiency in addition to introducing undesired drift in instrumentation. Increased component density is creating more heat per volume. Additionally, power conversion modules and improved motor drives are decreasing in form factor and providing less area for heat dissipation. New and improved heat-transfer methods will facilitate a greater selection of appropriate pressure case materials. Titanium, stainless steel, plastics, and ceramics should not be disallowed because they limit heat transfer. Trends in electronic components and material selection can continue to improve system design without compromising overall heat transfer. Thermal engineering needs to be part of the system integration at the onset of a project's design.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133141943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336
E. Voudouri-Maniati
This paper proposes a receiver implementation that uses robust techniques on top of direct sequence code division to eliminate multiple access interference in an underwater acoustic environment. Computation of error probabilities and Asymptotic Relative Efficiencies with respect to other single user or multiuser detectors for various channels and contaminated heavy tailed noise distributions demonstrates that the proposed detectors maintain a nearly optimum performance regardless of the degree of noise contamination. It is also confirmed that the detector structure is insignificantly influenced by unspecified variations in noise densities. Moreover, the theory of the proposed techniques can be easily extended to multichannel processing to provide space diversity.
{"title":"Multiuser robust CDMA detection for underwater acoustic communication channels","authors":"E. Voudouri-Maniati","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a receiver implementation that uses robust techniques on top of direct sequence code division to eliminate multiple access interference in an underwater acoustic environment. Computation of error probabilities and Asymptotic Relative Efficiencies with respect to other single user or multiuser detectors for various channels and contaminated heavy tailed noise distributions demonstrates that the proposed detectors maintain a nearly optimum performance regardless of the degree of noise contamination. It is also confirmed that the detector structure is insignificantly influenced by unspecified variations in noise densities. Moreover, the theory of the proposed techniques can be easily extended to multichannel processing to provide space diversity.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192087
C. Steed, J.E. Braud, K. Koehler
Describes the Variable resolution GRID (VGRID) storage model designed to support the storage and retrieval of bathymetric data collected through the Precision Underwater Mapping (PUMA) System using the Tactical Environmental Data Server (TEDS) and the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Digital Bathymetric Data Base-Variable (DBDB-V) Resolution product. Sponsored by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR, PMW-155), PUMA-TEDS represents a significant advancement in the collection and assimilation of environmental data at global, regional or local levels. Although VGRID has been developed for PUMA bathymetry, its generic implementation makes it suitable for use with any type of environmental data grid through the definition of a product specification. Built on NCSA's Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), the VGRID model inherits the HDF5 file format and library implementation that is optimized for large-scale scientific data storage. The VGRID model provides a hierarchy of environmental storage objects: files, constituents, and grids. A VGRID file can contain VGRID constituents enabling multiparameter data storage. VGRID constituents can contain VGRID grids that are identified by resolutions and have grid increments specified in arc minutes, metres, or polar stereographic grid units. The grid interface supports the storage of geographic, polar stereographic, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projected grids. Behind the scenes of the VGRID API, a tile scheme is applied to data written to the VGRID file. When VGRID grids are created, compression options can be set for all tiles created in the resolution. The VGRID tile scheme provides the framework for a robust tile caching mechanism, which minimizes the time required to read data from a VGRID file. The VGRID API uses a "bounce" algorithm to search each resolution and extract the highest resolution data for a point query. In addition, three interpolation options are available for point queries: nearest neighbor, bilinear and minimum curvature spline. The minimum curvature spline algorithm provides a "feathering" capability that effectively reduces the artifacts that often occur at the resolution boundaries of multiple resolution datasets.
{"title":"VGRID: a generic, dynamic HDF5 storage model for georeferenced grid data","authors":"C. Steed, J.E. Braud, K. Koehler","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192087","url":null,"abstract":"Describes the Variable resolution GRID (VGRID) storage model designed to support the storage and retrieval of bathymetric data collected through the Precision Underwater Mapping (PUMA) System using the Tactical Environmental Data Server (TEDS) and the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Digital Bathymetric Data Base-Variable (DBDB-V) Resolution product. Sponsored by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR, PMW-155), PUMA-TEDS represents a significant advancement in the collection and assimilation of environmental data at global, regional or local levels. Although VGRID has been developed for PUMA bathymetry, its generic implementation makes it suitable for use with any type of environmental data grid through the definition of a product specification. Built on NCSA's Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), the VGRID model inherits the HDF5 file format and library implementation that is optimized for large-scale scientific data storage. The VGRID model provides a hierarchy of environmental storage objects: files, constituents, and grids. A VGRID file can contain VGRID constituents enabling multiparameter data storage. VGRID constituents can contain VGRID grids that are identified by resolutions and have grid increments specified in arc minutes, metres, or polar stereographic grid units. The grid interface supports the storage of geographic, polar stereographic, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projected grids. Behind the scenes of the VGRID API, a tile scheme is applied to data written to the VGRID file. When VGRID grids are created, compression options can be set for all tiles created in the resolution. The VGRID tile scheme provides the framework for a robust tile caching mechanism, which minimizes the time required to read data from a VGRID file. The VGRID API uses a \"bounce\" algorithm to search each resolution and extract the highest resolution data for a point query. In addition, three interpolation options are available for point queries: nearest neighbor, bilinear and minimum curvature spline. The minimum curvature spline algorithm provides a \"feathering\" capability that effectively reduces the artifacts that often occur at the resolution boundaries of multiple resolution datasets.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117340852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191917
M. Benjamin
Effective control of autonomous marine vehicles is a difficult problem that continues to increase in complexity as our aspirations and expectations become more ambitious. We discuss here two factors that lead this trend: the need to operate in environments with other moving vehicles, and the expectation that control reflect some sense of optimality where there is the opportunity and payoff for doing so. We present here a method for representing and solving multi-objective optimization problems suitable for controlling vehicles in such situations. This method is called Interval Programming (IvP).
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