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Analysis of Vatavyadhi Samprapti – A Practical Perspective Vatavyadhi Samprapti 分析 - 实用视角
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.48165/irjay.2024.70111
Sarita Mohanta, Arun Kumar Das
Introduction: Ayurveda is one of the oldest medical systems comprising numerous medical concepts and hypotheses.  Vatavyadhi is an important chapter described in all Samhitas. Vatavyadhi patients are increasing in day-to-day practice,  so a clear understanding is necessary on its pathogenesis. Vatavyadhi occurs due to vitiation of Vatadosha. Vayu gets  vitiated due to numerous factors staring from diet to various habits, used medicines, environmental changes, etc.  Inside body Vayu gets vitiated and produces diseases either due to Dhatukshaya or Margavarodha. Materials and Methods: To analyze the Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi from various Samhitas, contexts and  the views of researchers are taken into consideration as method of the review. Discussion and Conclusion: Vatavyadhi is a group of special diseases which is produced due to aggravate Vata. Due  to different etiological factors, Vata Prakopa occurs through Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha process which later  produce Vatavyadhi. These pathological processes may be regarded as Vishista Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi.  During pathogenesis annoyed Vata may assemble with Pitta and Kapha, leading to modification of clinical features.
简介阿育吠陀是最古老的医学体系之一,包含众多医学概念和假说。 Vatavyadhi是所有Samhitas中描述的一个重要章节。在日常实践中,Vatavyadhi 患者越来越多,因此有必要清楚地了解其发病机理。Vatavyadhi 的发生是由于 Vatadosha 的失常。从饮食到各种习惯、使用的药物、环境变化等众多因素都会导致 "Vayu "受损。 在体内,Vayu 会被削弱,并由于 Dhatukshaya 或 Margavarodha 而产生疾病。材料和方法:从不同的 Samhitas、背景和研究人员的观点中分析 Vatavyadhi 的 Samprati(发病机制),并将其作为综述的方法。讨论与结论:Vatavyadhi 是由于 Vata 加重而产生的一组特殊疾病。由于不同的病因,Vata Prakopa 通过 Dhatukshaya 和 Margavarodha 过程发生,随后产生 Vatavyadhi。这些病理过程可被视为 Vatavyadhi 的 Vishista Samprati(发病过程)。 在发病过程中,恼怒的 Vata 可能会与 Pitta 和 Kapha 结合,从而导致临床特征的改变。
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引用次数: 0
Ayurvedic Management of Utthana Vatarakta – A Case Report Utthana Vatarakta 的阿育吠陀疗法--病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.48165/irjay.2024.70109
Anuja K Vasanth, P. V. Giri, N. N. Krishnan
A 59-year-old upper-middle-class woman residing in Shornur for the past 10 years and having worked as a nurse for  33 years was admitted to Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College hospital on September 27, 2023, for a 15-day duration,  presenting with complaints of multiple joint pain, left-sided headache, itching of the whole body, crawling sensation  persisting for a decade, and blackish discoloration of nails in both upper and lower limbs consistent with nail  psoriasis. The diagnosis for this case was established as Utthana Vatarakta, seronegative arthritis. Comprehensive  treatment approach involving internal medicines, Rukshana, Snehana, Swedana, Sodhana, and Samana therapies was  implemented. Following the 15-day treatment regimen, the patient experienced significant alleviation of complaints  improvement in Ama Assessment tool scoring, Visual Analog Scale and Clinical disease activity index. 
2023年9月27日,一名59岁的中上层妇女入住韦迪亚拉特南阿育吠陀学院医院,病程15天,过去10年一直居住在肖尔努尔(Shornur),从事护士工作33年,主诉多处关节疼痛、左侧头痛、全身瘙痒、爬行感持续了10年,上下肢指甲呈黑色,与指甲银屑病一致。该病例被确诊为 Utthana Vatarakta,血清阴性关节炎。综合治疗方法包括内服药、Rukshana、Snehana、Swedana、Sodhana 和 Samana疗法。经过 15 天的治疗,患者的主诉明显减轻,阿玛评估工具评分、视觉模拟量表和临床疾病活动指数均有改善。
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引用次数: 0
A study on assessment of Agnibala and Koshtha in Amavata and their association with inflammatory markers in R.A. 阿玛瓦塔地区Agnibala和Koshtha评价及其与ra炎症标志物相关性的研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2023.6701
Anamika Yadav, S. Dubey, V. Anand
Introduction: Mandagni has been considered one of the primary indigenous factors for the manifestation of Amavata, so there might be the effect of the causative factors affecting the status of Agnibala of an individual. Hence an attempt can be made to observe the status of Agnibala and Koshta with particular reference to different inflammatory markers present in subjects of Aamvata. Material and Method: The main goal of the study was to evaluate the Agnibala and Koshtha of the Amavata Patients and to determine the relationship between Agni and Koshtha with the inflammatory parameters of Rheumatoid Arthritis as the characteristics of Amavata are similar to Rheumatoid Arthritis. The aims and Objectives of the study include the Assessment of Koshtha using a self-developed Standard Proforma for Koshtha Assessment (KAQ). Agnibala, using a standard proforma developed by Singh A et al., 2016. Amavata patients were encouraged to undertake Haematological examinations along with Investigations of Inflammatory markers of Rheumatoid arthritis and their reports were collected and analysed for additional statistical analysis. BHU's CCI lab and other standard laboratories were used for the research. The data were then statistically analysed. Results and Conclusion: According to the Agni Bala assessment from this study, it can be said that Mandagni is the main causative factor for the development of Amavata. A good correlation has been found between symptoms of Amavata and ACR criteria of Rheumatoid Arthritis from this study. A significant association was found between Madhyam Koshtha and Amavata as provocative factors. There is also a significant correlation found between Koshtha and Agni.
Mandagni一直被认为是Amavata表现的主要土著因素之一,因此可能存在影响个体Agnibala状态的致病因素的影响。因此,可以尝试观察Agnibala和Koshta的状态,特别是参考Aamvata受试者中存在的不同炎症标志物。材料与方法:本研究的主要目的是评估Amavata患者的Agnibala和Koshtha,并确定Agni和Koshtha与类风湿关节炎炎症参数的关系,因为Amavata的特征与类风湿关节炎相似。研究的目的和目标包括使用自行开发的Koshtha评估标准形式(KAQ)对Koshtha进行评估。Agnibala,使用Singh a等人开发的标准形式,2016年。鼓励Amavata患者进行血液学检查以及类风湿关节炎炎症标志物的调查,并收集和分析他们的报告以进行额外的统计分析。本研究使用了BHU的CCI实验室和其他标准实验室。然后对数据进行统计分析。结果与结论:根据本研究的Agni Bala评价,可以说Mandagni是Amavata发展的主要致病因素。本研究发现Amavata的症状与类风湿关节炎的ACR标准有很好的相关性。Madhyam Koshtha和Amavata作为挑衅因素之间存在显著关联。在科什塔和烈火之间也发现了显著的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoora in the Management of Garbhini Pandu w.s.r to Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy –A Review 普那那瓦地曼陀罗在治疗妊娠缺铁性贫血中的作用综述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2022.5313
Lata Rai, Uttara kumar Chaturvedi
India is one of the countries where anaemia during pregnancy is common. Anemia in pregnancy is caused by a various factors. The most common disorder in a pregnant woman is iron deficiency anaemia. Rasa Pradoshaja vikara is a disorder that arises due to inappropriate Rasa Dhatu in the mother and constantly rising foetal demands. According to Ayurvedic classics, for decades, a variety of Lauha preparations have been used to treat anaemia. Punarnava Mandoora is an Ayurvedic preparation that has been described in various Ayurvedic texts. It's a traditional Ayurvedic treatment for a variety of ailments. It works as a diuretic, cleanses the blood, and increases blood circulation. It raises hemoglobin levels and alleviates anaemia symptoms. Punarnava Mandoora is also used for Oedema, Pliha vikara (Spleen diseases), Yakruta vikara (Liver diseases), Udara (Abdominal distention), Arsha (Hemorrhoids), and Twacha vikara (Skin diseases). This review article highlights effect of Punarnavadi mandoor in the management of Garbhini Pandu W.S.R to anemia in pregnancy
印度是怀孕期间贫血很常见的国家之一。妊娠期贫血是由多种因素引起的。孕妇最常见的疾病是缺铁性贫血。Rasa Pradoshaja vikara是由于母亲不适当的Rasa Dhatu和不断上升的胎儿需求而引起的一种紊乱。根据阿育吠陀经典,几十年来,各种各样的劳哈制剂被用来治疗贫血。旁那瓦曼陀罗是阿育吠陀的一种准备,在各种阿育吠陀文本中都有描述。这是传统的阿育吠陀治疗多种疾病的方法。它的作用是利尿剂,清洁血液,促进血液循环。它能提高血红蛋白水平,减轻贫血症状。Punarnava Mandoora也用于水肿、Pliha vikara(脾脏疾病)、Yakruta vikara(肝脏疾病)、Udara(腹胀)、Arsha(痔疮)和Twacha vikara(皮肤病)。这篇综述文章重点介绍了普那那瓦地曼门在加布尼潘杜W.S.R治疗妊娠贫血中的作用
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引用次数: 0
Management of Shweta Pradar(Leucorrhoea)through Ayurveda-A Single Case Study 阿育吠陀治疗白带:个案研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2022.5606
Sufia Mahmood, M. Nematullah, Sukumar Ghosh
Shweta Pradari.e. Leucorrhoea, commonly known as vaginal discharge is one of the important major issues experienced in gynecological practice. It is usual to experience some white discharge. Leucorrhoea is a condition in which there is an excessive amount of white discharge from the vaginal area as a result of inflammation or infection of the lower genital tract, which causes discomfort. Physiologically or pathologically, the symptom can affect people of any age. The vulnerable are those with a low socioeconomic status. Most women of all ages have dealt with it, especially when they are of child bearing or reproductive age. As in our country due to poor nutrition, multiple childbirth, low socioeconomic status, poverty, population growth, negligence of proper hygiene, many women are anaemic, malnourished, ill-health may suffer from such infection. It is important to treat Shweta Pradar(leucorrhoea) as soon as possible because it might lead to major complications if not treated. For abnormal white vaginal discharges, theword "Shweta Pradar" has been described in Ayurvedaandit is extensively discussed in Ayurvedictexts. Due to kaphaand Vata Doshadhikya, this symptom appears. However, according to Charak Samhita, Kaphais the primary Doshathat causes leucorrhoea. In this case report, a 24-year-old female patient with Shweta Pradar has complained of white discharge for the past nine months, along with katisula(low back ache), Daurbalya (weakness), Kandu (itching), Durgandha (odour), and occasionally Daha (burning sensation). She was treated by Shamana Chikitsa(palliative treatment) and Yoni Prakshalanafor one month. She got excellent relief in symptoms by above treatment
什维塔Pradari.e。白带,俗称阴道分泌物,是妇科实践中遇到的重要问题之一。通常会有白色分泌物。白带是一种由下生殖道炎症或感染引起的阴道区域有大量白色分泌物的情况,这种情况会引起不适。生理上或病理上,这种症状可以影响任何年龄的人。弱势群体是那些社会经济地位较低的人。所有年龄段的大多数妇女都有过这种经历,尤其是当她们处于生育年龄或生育年龄时。正如在我国一样,由于营养不良、多胎分娩、低社会经济地位、贫穷、人口增长、忽视适当的卫生,许多妇女贫血、营养不良、健康状况不佳,可能遭受这种感染。尽快治疗白带很重要,因为如果不及时治疗,可能会导致严重的并发症。对于不正常的白色阴道分泌物,“Shweta Pradar”一词在阿育吠陀中有描述,并且在阿育吠陀文献中有广泛的讨论。由于kaphaand Vata Doshadhikya,出现这种症状。然而,根据Charak Samhita的说法,Kaphais是导致白带的主要dosha。在本病例报告中,一名24岁的Shweta Pradar女性患者在过去的9个月里抱怨白色分泌物,同时伴有katisula(腰痛)、Daurbalya(虚弱)、Kandu(瘙痒)、Durgandha(气味),偶尔也有Daha(烧灼感)。她接受了Shamana Chikitsa(姑息治疗)和Yoni prakshalana1个月的治疗。经过以上治疗,她的症状得到了很好的缓解
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引用次数: 0
Review of Impact of Dooshi Visha on Female Infertility 茯苓多糖对女性不孕症影响的研究进展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2022.51018
Anaghashree S, C. H
Dooshi visha is a unique concept mentioned in Ayurveda, which has the potential to accumulate in various bodily tissues depending on their affinity and harm the body, by causing chronic illness. Present day exposure to various harmful chemicals can be considered as dooshi visha as they get accumulated in bodily tissues leading to cumulative toxicity causing chronic illnesses, instead of causing death immediately. Chemicals acting over the female reproductive system at different doses of exposure, and concept of dooshi visha was studied thoroughly. Chemicals having their affinity towards female reproductive system was found to cause significant harmful effects like infertility when exposed above permissible limit for longer durations, hence it can be considered as dooshi vishas. Incidences of chemical exposure and female infertility is increasing proportionally. Present day female reproductive problems viewed in the perspective of dooshi visha and treating accordingly may subside the present days female reproductive problems. Hence, present paper focuses on impact of dooshi visha on female fertility.
杜希毗沙是阿育吠陀提到的一个独特概念,它有可能积聚在各种身体组织中,根据它们的亲和力,并通过引起慢性疾病来伤害身体。现在接触各种有害化学物质可以被认为是中毒,因为它们积聚在身体组织中,导致累积毒性,导致慢性疾病,而不是立即导致死亡。对不同暴露剂量下作用于女性生殖系统的化学物质,以及阴道的概念进行了深入的研究。对女性生殖系统有亲和力的化学物质被发现会造成严重的有害影响,比如当暴露在超过允许限度的时间较长时,会导致不孕症,因此可以被认为是dooshi vishas。化学品接触和女性不孕症的发生率正成比例地增加。从dooshi visha的角度看待当今女性生殖问题并进行相应的治疗可能会平息当今女性生殖问题。因此,本文的研究重点是阴道对女性生育能力的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Historical and Current Perspective of Yoga: An Overview 瑜伽的历史和现代观点:概述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2023.6413
Kapil, A. K. Pandey, Kanchan Chowdhury, Sonika
Traditional Yoga practices have been mentioned since the era of Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic & Upanishad heritage, Buddhist and Jain traditions. Shiva is regarded as the first yogi in ancient Yoga tradition. The science of Yoga has been traced since long before the first religions or belief systems were born. At that time Yoga was practiced under the influence of nature under the guidance of the Gurus and its spiritual value was given special importance. In ancient times Yoga was known only for its spirituality to achieve highest level of consciousness. Today Yoga is not meant for spirituality only but it acquires the wider dimension by inculcating physical, mental and social aspect of health of healthy person. Newer evidence shows that Yogic Practices are gaining momentum for its therapeutic application for the management of health related issues of body and mind. Now-a-days Yoga education and its practices are being impacted by many eminent Yoga clinics, Yoga therapy and Wellness centers that have been established, medical institutes and therapeutic setups. People take up Yoga practice to maintain their health and lifestyle
自从印度河流域文明、吠陀和奥义书遗产、佛教和耆那教传统的时代以来,传统的瑜伽练习就被提到了。湿婆被认为是古代瑜伽传统中的第一位瑜伽士。早在最初的宗教或信仰体系诞生之前,瑜伽的科学就已经被追溯到很久以前。在那个时候,瑜伽是在自然的影响下,在大师的指导下练习的,它的精神价值被赋予了特别的重要性。在古代,瑜伽仅以其灵性达到最高水平的意识而闻名。今天,瑜伽不仅仅意味着灵性,而是通过灌输健康的人的身体,心理和社会健康方面获得更广泛的维度。新的证据表明,瑜伽练习正在获得势头,其治疗应用的管理健康有关的身体和精神问题。如今,瑜伽教育及其实践受到许多知名瑜伽诊所、瑜伽疗法和健康中心、医疗机构和治疗机构的影响。人们练习瑜伽是为了保持健康和生活方式
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引用次数: 0
A Case Study on Role of Kanchnaar Guggulu and Chandraprabhavati in the Management of Vatashtheela (BPH) Kanchnaar Guggulu和Chandraprabhavati在Vatashtheela (BPH)管理中的作用研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2022.5713
Ish Garg
BenignProstaticHyperplasia(BPH)isaburningsenileproblemofelderlymen,associatedwithlowerurinarytractsymptoms(LUTS).Theprevalencefiguresvaryfromabout10-30%formenbetween50-60yearsofageto25-45%intheagegroupof70-80years.BPHisaprogressivediseasethatispresentedascommonsymptomssuchasfrequenturination,urgency,nocturia,decreasedandintermittentforceofstream,andthesensationofincompletebladderemptying.InAyurveda,VatashtheeladiseasecloselyresembleswithBenignProstaticHyperplasiaofmodernmedicineinitssignsandsymptoms.ItismanifestedduetoimproperfunctionofApanaVaatalongwiththevitiationofKaphaandPittaDoshas.Inthiscasestudy,thepatientwasadministeredChandraprabhaVati&KanchnaarGuggulu,atadoseof1tabtwiceadayand2tabtwiceadayrespectivelyfortwomonths.TheirritativeandobstructivesymptomsofBPH(Vatashtheela)likefrequency,urgency,staining,weakstream,incompleteemptying,nocturia,residualurineandsize&weightofprostatewereobservedoverthetreatment.AnalysisofresultshowedimprovementinVatashtheela(BPH).FinallystudyconcludedthatgiventreatmentisfoundeffectiveinmanagementofVatashtheela(BPH)
BenignProstaticHyperplasia (BPH) isaburningsenileproblemofelderlymen associatedwithlowerurinarytractsymptoms(附近地区).theprevalencefiguresvaryfromabout10 - - formenbetween50 - 60 - yearsofageto25 45% - 30% intheagegroupof70 - 80 years.bphisaprogressivediseasethatispresentedascommonsymptomssuchasfrequenturination紧迫感,夜尿症,decreasedandintermittentforceofstream, andthesensationofincompletebladderemptying.InAyurveda VatashtheeladiseasecloselyresembleswithBenignProstaticHyperplasiaofmodernmedicineinitssignsandsymptoms.ItismanifestedduetoimproperfunctionofApanaVaatalongwiththevitiationofKaphaandPittaDoshas.Inthiscasestudy、thepatientwasadministeredChandraprabhaVati&KanchnaarGuggulu atadoseof1tabtwiceadayand2tabtwiceadayrespectivelyfortwomonths.TheirritativeandobstructivesymptomsofBPH Vatashtheela likefrequency,紧迫感,染色,weakstream, incompleteemptying,夜尿症,residualurineandsize&weightofprostatewereobservedoverthetreatment.AnalysisofresultshowedimprovementinVatashtheela .Finallystudyconcludedtha (BPH)tgiventreatmentisfoundeffectiveinmanagementofVatashtheela (BPH)
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Hyperlipidemia with Naturopathy, Yoga and Diet Control: A Case Report 综合治疗2型糖尿病相关高脂血症与自然疗法,瑜伽和饮食控制:1例报告
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2022.5814
Poonam Singh
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome-like systemic problem that has multi-organ complications. Early intervention may prevent several manifestations of different organs. Diabetes disrupts the healing process, immunity, and may result in renal complications, and retinopathies. Our increasing sedentary lifestyle, bad food habits and lifestyle choices like smoking and drinking are responsible for the progression of this dreaded disease. Various causes of diabetes may be pathological, hereditary, congenital, faulty lifestyle, pancreatic malfunction and the build-up of toxins in the body. Many treatment modalities are available for the management of this condition but none of these give promising results with long-term drug dependency. The drug used in the treatment may have unwanted side effects. Yoga acts like a panacea for diabetes. Yoga provides an ideal cure for diabetes management. Yoga therapy is perceivably quick in the earlier stages and extremely beneficial after continuous practice for hyperglycemia. Yoga improves the psychological makeup and general feeling of well-being. In the present case report, I have discussed a case of diabetes associated with hyperlipidemia with naturopathy, yoga, and diet modification.
糖尿病是一种具有多器官并发症的综合征样全身性疾病。早期干预可以预防不同器官的几种表现。糖尿病会破坏愈合过程、免疫力,并可能导致肾脏并发症和视网膜病变。我们越来越多的久坐不动的生活方式、不良的饮食习惯和吸烟、饮酒等生活方式是导致这种可怕疾病发展的原因。引起糖尿病的各种原因可能是病理性的、遗传性的、先天性的、错误的生活方式、胰腺功能障碍和体内毒素的积累。许多治疗方式可用于管理这种情况,但没有一种对长期药物依赖有希望的结果。治疗中使用的药物可能有不想要的副作用。瑜伽就像是治疗糖尿病的灵丹妙药。瑜伽是治疗糖尿病的理想方法。瑜伽疗法在早期阶段是可以察觉到的快速,并且在持续练习后对高血糖非常有益。瑜伽提高心理素质和整体幸福感。在本病例报告中,我讨论了一例糖尿病合并高脂血症与自然疗法,瑜伽和饮食调整。
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引用次数: 0
The Soothing Effects of Shirodhara: Alleviating Stress through an Ancient Ayurvedic Technique Shirodhara的舒缓效果:通过古老的阿育吠陀技术减轻压力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47223/irjay.2023.6819
Sujata Rajan, P. U. Deshmukh, Jatved Pawar, Manoj K. Shamkuwar, Jaspreet Kaur, N. Jakhar
Introduction: Shirodhara therapy, an ancient Ayurvedic practice, is gaining recognition as a potential stress management tool. This therapy involves the gentle pouring of warm herbal oil or other soothing liquids onto the forehead, inducing deep relaxation. As stress-related disorders continue to rise, exploring effective and alternative approaches like Shirodhara is crucial. Methods : This article reviews existing scientific literature and clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of Shirodhara therapy in stress reduction. Research papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were examined to gather relevant data on the physiological and psychological effects of Shirodhara in stress management. Results: The findings from the reviewed studies suggest that Shirodhara therapy exhibits a significant promise in alleviating stress and its associated symptoms. It has been shown to balance stress hormones, activate the body’s relaxation response, and induce a profound sense of calmness. Moreover, Shirodhara has demonstrated positive outcomes in reducing anxiety levels, improving sleep quality, and lowering blood pressure. Conclusion: Shirodhara therapy offers a holistic and natural alternative for stress management, with promising results seen in various studies. Its potential integration into mainstream practices is promising. However, further research is needed to understand mechanisms, optimize protocols, and assess long-term efficacy. This emerging field provides exciting opportunities to explore Shirodhara ’s therapeutic potential in addressing stress-related disorders.
简介:Shirodhara疗法,一种古老的阿育吠陀疗法,作为一种潜在的压力管理工具正在获得认可。这种疗法包括将温暖的草药油或其他舒缓的液体轻轻地倒在额头上,诱导深度放松。随着压力相关疾病的持续增加,探索像Shirodhara这样有效的替代方法至关重要。方法:回顾已有的科学文献和临床研究,评价Shirodhara疗法在减压中的效果。研究论文、系统综述和荟萃分析收集了Shirodhara在压力管理中的生理和心理影响的相关数据。结果:回顾的研究结果表明,Shirodhara疗法在缓解压力及其相关症状方面表现出显著的前景。它已经被证明可以平衡压力荷尔蒙,激活身体的放松反应,并引起一种深刻的平静感。此外,Shirodhara在降低焦虑水平、改善睡眠质量和降低血压方面表现出了积极的效果。结论:Shirodhara疗法为压力管理提供了一个整体和自然的替代方案,在各种研究中都看到了令人鼓舞的结果。它与主流实践的潜在整合是有希望的。然而,需要进一步的研究来了解机制,优化方案,并评估长期疗效。这一新兴领域为探索Shirodhara在解决压力相关疾病方面的治疗潜力提供了令人兴奋的机会。
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引用次数: 0
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International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga
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