The concept of the morphome (i.e. a morphological unit at odds with syntax and semantics) is notoriously uncomfortable for many formal models of morphology. Many discussions have thus centred on wh...
{"title":"On morphemes and morphomes: exploring the distinction","authors":"Borja Herce","doi":"10.3366/word.2020.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0159","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the morphome (i.e. a morphological unit at odds with syntax and semantics) is notoriously uncomfortable for many formal models of morphology. Many discussions have thus centred on wh...","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiara Zanini, Rosa Rugani, D. Giomo, Francesca Peressotti, Francesca Franzon
Language encodes into morphology part of the information present in the referential world. Some features are marked in the great majority of languages, such as the numerosity of the referents that is encoded in morphological Number. Other features do not surface as frequently in morphological markings, yet they are pervasive in natural languages. This is the case of animacy, that can ground Gender systems as well as constrain the surfacing of Number. The diffusion of numerosity and animacy could mirror their biological salience at the extra-linguistic cognitive level. Human extra-linguistic numerical abilities are phylogenetically ancient and are observed in non-human animal species, especially when counting salient animate entities such as social companions. Does the saliency of animacy influence the morphological encoding of Number in language processing? We designed an experiment to test the encoding of morphological Number in language processing in relation to animacy. In Italian, Gender and Number are mandatorily expressed in a fusional morpheme. In some nouns denoting animate referents, Gender encodes the sex of referents and is semantically interpretable. In some other animate nouns and in inanimate nouns, Gender is uninterpretable at the semantic level. We found that it is easier to inflect for Number nouns when the inflectional morpheme is interpretable with respect to a semantic feature related to animacy. We discuss the possibility that the primacy of animacy in counting is mirrored in morphological processing and that morphology is designed to easily express information that is salient from a cognitive point of view.
{"title":"Effects of animacy on the processing of morphological Number: a cognitive inheritance?","authors":"Chiara Zanini, Rosa Rugani, D. Giomo, Francesca Peressotti, Francesca Franzon","doi":"10.3366/word.2020.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0158","url":null,"abstract":"Language encodes into morphology part of the information present in the referential world. Some features are marked in the great majority of languages, such as the numerosity of the referents that is encoded in morphological Number. Other features do not surface as frequently in morphological markings, yet they are pervasive in natural languages. This is the case of animacy, that can ground Gender systems as well as constrain the surfacing of Number. The diffusion of numerosity and animacy could mirror their biological salience at the extra-linguistic cognitive level. Human extra-linguistic numerical abilities are phylogenetically ancient and are observed in non-human animal species, especially when counting salient animate entities such as social companions. Does the saliency of animacy influence the morphological encoding of Number in language processing? We designed an experiment to test the encoding of morphological Number in language processing in relation to animacy. In Italian, Gender and Number are mandatorily expressed in a fusional morpheme. In some nouns denoting animate referents, Gender encodes the sex of referents and is semantically interpretable. In some other animate nouns and in inanimate nouns, Gender is uninterpretable at the semantic level. We found that it is easier to inflect for Number nouns when the inflectional morpheme is interpretable with respect to a semantic feature related to animacy. We discuss the possibility that the primacy of animacy in counting is mirrored in morphological processing and that morphology is designed to easily express information that is salient from a cognitive point of view.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Causative morphology has been associated with either the introduction of an event of causation or the introduction of a causer argument. However, morphological causatives are mono-eventive, casting doubt on the notion that causatives fundamentally add a causing event. On the other hand, in some languages the causative morpheme is closer to the verb root than would be expected if the causative head is responsible for introducing the causer. Drawing on evidence primarily from Tagalog and Halkomelem, I argue that the syntactic configuration for morphological causatives involves Voice over Voice, and that languages differ in whether their ‘causative marker’ spells out the higher Voice, the lower Voice or both.
致使词法要么与因果事件的引入有关，要么与起因论证的引入有关。然而，形态使役是单事件的，这使人怀疑使役从根本上增加了导致事件的概念。另一方面，在某些语言中，使词语素更接近动词词根，而不是由使词词头负责引入致因。根据主要来自他加禄语和Halkomelem的证据，我认为形态使役的句法结构涉及到Voice over Voice，语言的不同之处在于它们的“使役标记”是拼出更高的声音，还是更低的声音，还是两者兼而有之。
{"title":"Morphological causatives are Voice over Voice","authors":"Yining Nie","doi":"10.3366/word.2020.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0161","url":null,"abstract":"Causative morphology has been associated with either the introduction of an event of causation or the introduction of a causer argument. However, morphological causatives are mono-eventive, casting doubt on the notion that causatives fundamentally add a causing event. On the other hand, in some languages the causative morpheme is closer to the verb root than would be expected if the causative head is responsible for introducing the causer. Drawing on evidence primarily from Tagalog and Halkomelem, I argue that the syntactic configuration for morphological causatives involves Voice over Voice, and that languages differ in whether their ‘causative marker’ spells out the higher Voice, the lower Voice or both.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the use of German -landschaft ‘landscape’ and -welt ‘world’ as compound constituents. Both occur frequently in metaphorical uses such as Korpuslandschaft ‘corpus landscape’ or Arbeitswelt ‘labor world’. The high productivity of both compound types raises the question of whether [N-landschaft] and [N-welt] form constructions in their own right, both with a collectivizing meaning, and if so, how they relate to their respective higher-order schemas. More specifically, the question arises how the metaphorical-collectivizing uses relate to non-metaphorical ones. As both metaphorical and non-metaphorical reading variants coexist, these patterns show interesting similarities to those semantically bleached compound constituents that have been discussed under the label of “affixoids” in the morphological literature and in recent constructionist approaches. Drawing on synchronic data from the DWDS reference corpus of the 20th century and from the webcorpus DECOW16B as well as diachronic data from the German Text Archive, I argue that they form part of a family of collectivizing constructions. On a more theoretical note, I discuss how the higher-order generalizations connecting this family of constructions can be conceptualized.
{"title":"Compound worlds and metaphor landscapes: Affixoids, allostructions, and higher-order generalizations","authors":"S. Hartmann","doi":"10.3366/word.2019.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the use of German -landschaft ‘landscape’ and -welt ‘world’ as compound constituents. Both occur frequently in metaphorical uses such as Korpuslandschaft ‘corpus landscape’ or Arbeitswelt ‘labor world’. The high productivity of both compound types raises the question of whether [N-landschaft] and [N-welt] form constructions in their own right, both with a collectivizing meaning, and if so, how they relate to their respective higher-order schemas. More specifically, the question arises how the metaphorical-collectivizing uses relate to non-metaphorical ones. As both metaphorical and non-metaphorical reading variants coexist, these patterns show interesting similarities to those semantically bleached compound constituents that have been discussed under the label of “affixoids” in the morphological literature and in recent constructionist approaches. Drawing on synchronic data from the DWDS reference corpus of the 20th century and from the webcorpus DECOW16B as well as diachronic data from the German Text Archive, I argue that they form part of a family of collectivizing constructions. On a more theoretical note, I discuss how the higher-order generalizations connecting this family of constructions can be conceptualized.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42224416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher-order schemas in morphology: What they are, how they work, and where to find them","authors":"M. Hilpert","doi":"10.3366/word.2019.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45145522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of schemas in Construction Morphology","authors":"G. Booij","doi":"10.3366/word.2019.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43431403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：