While previous research has provided a great deal of information on individual factors that play a role in IT implementation success, a gap in the research exists when it comes to formulating a holistic view of overall internal environmental factors. This paper conducts a literature review and uses Weill’s conversion effectiveness model to develop a framework integrating the various enterprise-level contextual factors affecting IT implementation. The framework categorizes individual contextual factors into seven groups: path dependencies, project management, management structure, IT competency, socio-technical, complementary investments, and end user. This holistic interpretation of individual factors is an initial step toward understanding the complexities of internal corporate environments and their effects on IT implementation success. The framework can provide companies with a useful tool to evaluate their current environment, determine its strengths and weaknesses, and assess how these will affect IT implementation.
{"title":"An Integrative Framework for Contextual Factors Affecting IT Implementation","authors":"Barbara Edington, N. Shin","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.58","url":null,"abstract":"While previous research has provided a great deal of information on individual factors that play a role in IT implementation success, a gap in the research exists when it comes to formulating a holistic view of overall internal environmental factors. This paper conducts a literature review and uses Weill’s conversion effectiveness model to develop a framework integrating the various enterprise-level contextual factors affecting IT implementation. The framework categorizes individual contextual factors into seven groups: path dependencies, project management, management structure, IT competency, socio-technical, complementary investments, and end user. This holistic interpretation of individual factors is an initial step toward understanding the complexities of internal corporate environments and their effects on IT implementation success. The framework can provide companies with a useful tool to evaluate their current environment, determine its strengths and weaknesses, and assess how these will affect IT implementation.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115974580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the nature of e-business standards and the organizational context in which they are developed has received little attention in the literature of IT standards and standardization. This study investigates communication patterns in online standards groups to provide insights into the nature of group dynamics among standards decision makers and its relation to the standards context. Email data is used from the ebXML standards initiative. Findings suggest that standards groups operating on the Internet appear to form a cohesive structure, despite the fact that they tend to consist of large group of participants coming from various backgrounds and industries, while their communication patterns are influenced by standards orientation. Policy implications for managers in online standards groups are presented.
{"title":"An Empirical Study of Standards Development for E-Businesses: A Social Network Perspective","authors":"Mu Xia, Kexin, Katherine Zhao, Michael Shaw","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.52","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the nature of e-business standards and the organizational context in which they are developed has received little attention in the literature of IT standards and standardization. This study investigates communication patterns in online standards groups to provide insights into the nature of group dynamics among standards decision makers and its relation to the standards context. Email data is used from the ebXML standards initiative. Findings suggest that standards groups operating on the Internet appear to form a cohesive structure, despite the fact that they tend to consist of large group of participants coming from various backgrounds and industries, while their communication patterns are influenced by standards orientation. Policy implications for managers in online standards groups are presented.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131986359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Roberts, P. Lowry, P. Cheney, Ross T. Hightower
Project groups are becoming a mainstay in today’s work environment. This coupled with globalization has distributed many teams. This makes communication among team members vital to project success. This study evaluates the impact of group size and social presence upon group communication. It compares key communication factors for three different social presence treatments (Face-to-Face without CS support; Face-to-Face with CS support; and distributed with CS support). In addition, it evaluates these impacts with two different group sizes. The results indicate that smaller and higher social presence groups maintain higher levels of communication than larger groups and groups with lower social presence. These results should alert project managers to the difficulty of communication between project team members in distributed global environments.
{"title":"Improving Group Communication Outcomes with Collaborative Software: The Impact of Group Size, Media Richness, and Social Presence","authors":"T. Roberts, P. Lowry, P. Cheney, Ross T. Hightower","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.217","url":null,"abstract":"Project groups are becoming a mainstay in today’s work environment. This coupled with globalization has distributed many teams. This makes communication among team members vital to project success. This study evaluates the impact of group size and social presence upon group communication. It compares key communication factors for three different social presence treatments (Face-to-Face without CS support; Face-to-Face with CS support; and distributed with CS support). In addition, it evaluates these impacts with two different group sizes. The results indicate that smaller and higher social presence groups maintain higher levels of communication than larger groups and groups with lower social presence. These results should alert project managers to the difficulty of communication between project team members in distributed global environments.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"432 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132328098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s economy and society, performance analyses in the services industries attract more and more attention. However, the traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach requires a consistent operating environment that one may deem as the "culture". In reality, there is an especially important situation when the units belong to different organizations and the groups of units can not have the same culture. This reality challenges the traditional methods of applying DEA theory to real-world cases. A new technology was developed that allows efficiency evaluation by benchmarking three different banks’ branches in the city of Mississauga, Canada, using DEA. This new approach overcomes the above limitation by introducing a mathematically handicapped DEA model. Using this development, cultural differences due to corporate management's policies can be adjusted for. Finding a handicapping function which can fairly assess the large Canadian banks’ managerial and business strategy differences was another contribution of this work.
{"title":"Cross Firm Bank Branch Benchmarking Using \"Handicapped\" Data Envelopment Analysis to Adjust for Corporate Strategic Effects","authors":"Zijiang Yang, J. Paradi","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.104","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s economy and society, performance analyses in the services industries attract more and more attention. However, the traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach requires a consistent operating environment that one may deem as the \"culture\". In reality, there is an especially important situation when the units belong to different organizations and the groups of units can not have the same culture. This reality challenges the traditional methods of applying DEA theory to real-world cases. A new technology was developed that allows efficiency evaluation by benchmarking three different banks’ branches in the city of Mississauga, Canada, using DEA. This new approach overcomes the above limitation by introducing a mathematically handicapped DEA model. Using this development, cultural differences due to corporate management's policies can be adjusted for. Finding a handicapping function which can fairly assess the large Canadian banks’ managerial and business strategy differences was another contribution of this work.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130024940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power system topology is defined by the connectivity among power system components such as generators, power transformers, transmission lines, loads, etc. The knowledge about topology is important for correct execution of many monitoring, control and protection actions. This paper introduces an approach that assures accurate determination of the topology in real-time. To be able to justify why this approach is important, the paper gives a background of the topology determination problem and discusses the impact on various application functions. An implementation of the proposed approach consisting of hardware and software modules is outlined. Examples of the functional improvements due to the increased accuracy of topology determination at both the substation and system-wide level are presented at the end.
{"title":"Monitoring of Power System Topology in Real-Time","authors":"M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.355","url":null,"abstract":"Power system topology is defined by the connectivity among power system components such as generators, power transformers, transmission lines, loads, etc. The knowledge about topology is important for correct execution of many monitoring, control and protection actions. This paper introduces an approach that assures accurate determination of the topology in real-time. To be able to justify why this approach is important, the paper gives a background of the topology determination problem and discusses the impact on various application functions. An implementation of the proposed approach consisting of hardware and software modules is outlined. Examples of the functional improvements due to the increased accuracy of topology determination at both the substation and system-wide level are presented at the end.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134542960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The management of operational risks, i.e., risks of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and systems or from external events, is crucial for the stability of financial institutions. The international Basel II Capital Accord therefore has imposed a strict timing on the banks’ compliance with sound risk management practice. In this paper, we present results from a field study at a large bank on the use of Group Support Systems (GSS) as a novel approach for senior managers to identify operational risks in the bank’s Incident Management Process. Our research leads to two important findings. First, we find that the use of GSS enables unique risks to reach a short-list of crucial risks to be managed by the bank. Second, the use of GSS allows an isolated minority of senior managers to implicitly influence the decision of the group on the risk management decision process.
{"title":"The Effect of Group Support Systems on the Emergence of Unique Information in a Risk Management Process: A Field Study","authors":"A. Rutkowski, B. Walle, G. V. D. Eede","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.459","url":null,"abstract":"The management of operational risks, i.e., risks of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and systems or from external events, is crucial for the stability of financial institutions. The international Basel II Capital Accord therefore has imposed a strict timing on the banks’ compliance with sound risk management practice. In this paper, we present results from a field study at a large bank on the use of Group Support Systems (GSS) as a novel approach for senior managers to identify operational risks in the bank’s Incident Management Process. Our research leads to two important findings. First, we find that the use of GSS enables unique risks to reach a short-list of crucial risks to be managed by the bank. Second, the use of GSS allows an isolated minority of senior managers to implicitly influence the decision of the group on the risk management decision process.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134046413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we examine the relationship between users’ technology readiness (specifically employees) and their adoption of wireless technology and services in a longitudinal setting. Technology readiness measures and attitude towards wireless adoption were measured across a sample of government employees in July 2002. Subsequent to this study, a significant portion of the employees were asked to adopt wireless technology for work (e.g., Blackberry) by their government agencies. The same group of employees was surveyed again after a 3 year gap with regard to technology readiness and attitude towards wireless adoption. The findings reveal that among the group using wireless technology for work, the measures of "discomfort" and "insecurity" are much lower than before, indicating a positive impact of technology use on user technology readiness and comfort with technology. However, on the dimensions of "technology optimism" and "innovativeness", there was no significant difference. The study also reveals other findings quite relevant for wireless technology adoption.
{"title":"Employee Technology Readiness and Adoption of Wireless Technology and Services","authors":"Ai-Mei Chang, P. K. Kannan","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.148","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the relationship between users’ technology readiness (specifically employees) and their adoption of wireless technology and services in a longitudinal setting. Technology readiness measures and attitude towards wireless adoption were measured across a sample of government employees in July 2002. Subsequent to this study, a significant portion of the employees were asked to adopt wireless technology for work (e.g., Blackberry) by their government agencies. The same group of employees was surveyed again after a 3 year gap with regard to technology readiness and attitude towards wireless adoption. The findings reveal that among the group using wireless technology for work, the measures of \"discomfort\" and \"insecurity\" are much lower than before, indicating a positive impact of technology use on user technology readiness and comfort with technology. However, on the dimensions of \"technology optimism\" and \"innovativeness\", there was no significant difference. The study also reveals other findings quite relevant for wireless technology adoption.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133293969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel R. H. Joseph, Joyce Yukawa, D. Suthers, Violet H. Harada
This paper presents a differential usage study of a web-based resource database that provides both search and associative browsing functionality. The associative browsing is based on emergent meta-data: meta-data that is derived from the terms that users associate with resources they have contributed to the system. We argue that this approach provides a low cognitive load information seeking mechanism, and can also reduce the effort required by the user to enter meta-data when contributing resources. In this paper we concentrate on a three-month study of student librarians using the system, with analysis of their activities and other data collected by questionnaire. The results suggest that associative browsing was at least as popular as search, and that providing perspectives on emerging meta-data during the contribution process may have helped the community self-organize a vocabulary.
{"title":"Searching Emergent Vocabularies: Exploring Methods to Reduce Cognitive Load during Web Navigation and Resource Contribution","authors":"Samuel R. H. Joseph, Joyce Yukawa, D. Suthers, Violet H. Harada","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.429","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a differential usage study of a web-based resource database that provides both search and associative browsing functionality. The associative browsing is based on emergent meta-data: meta-data that is derived from the terms that users associate with resources they have contributed to the system. We argue that this approach provides a low cognitive load information seeking mechanism, and can also reduce the effort required by the user to enter meta-data when contributing resources. In this paper we concentrate on a three-month study of student librarians using the system, with analysis of their activities and other data collected by questionnaire. The results suggest that associative browsing was at least as popular as search, and that providing perspectives on emerging meta-data during the contribution process may have helped the community self-organize a vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133229662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge management [KM] first appeared as a distinct phrase in the context of IS in the mid-1990s, since when it has grown to become the latest item in the IS pantheon. The term itself ought to promote more uneasiness than it appears to do so within the IS academy, and this paper outlines the reasons why the term should be viewed with less enthusiasm and more suspicion.
{"title":"Knowledge Management — The Ethics of the Agora or the Mechanisms of the Market?","authors":"A. Bryant","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.241","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge management [KM] first appeared as a distinct phrase in the context of IS in the mid-1990s, since when it has grown to become the latest item in the IS pantheon. The term itself ought to promote more uneasiness than it appears to do so within the IS academy, and this paper outlines the reasons why the term should be viewed with less enthusiasm and more suspicion.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For future scenarios of power system operations, like the self healing grid vision, system and communications architecture are key. Applications will require unlimited access to a large variety of information and to a large amount of information. One important architectural feature is location transparency of its applications. The latter should be designed as components that can be run at any location where processing power is sufficient and the relevant data available. Key to location transparency is the agreement on a data model comprehensive enough to endure the foreseeable time to come. In order to safeguard current development investments, applications must already now be designed with such features in mind. This paper discusses how the data models of the IEC 61970 and IEC 61850, when integrated, can be used as a start towards such a uniform information model. However, inconsistencies and gaps justify a concerted effort in further extending such a basis.
{"title":"Unified Information Models in Support of Location Transparency for Future Utility Applications","authors":"O. Preiss, T. Kostic","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.517","url":null,"abstract":"For future scenarios of power system operations, like the self healing grid vision, system and communications architecture are key. Applications will require unlimited access to a large variety of information and to a large amount of information. One important architectural feature is location transparency of its applications. The latter should be designed as components that can be run at any location where processing power is sufficient and the relevant data available. Key to location transparency is the agreement on a data model comprehensive enough to endure the foreseeable time to come. In order to safeguard current development investments, applications must already now be designed with such features in mind. This paper discusses how the data models of the IEC 61970 and IEC 61850, when integrated, can be used as a start towards such a uniform information model. However, inconsistencies and gaps justify a concerted effort in further extending such a basis.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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