The prolonged stagnation bank credit expansion, following the outbreak of recent economic and financial crises of 2008, and now the complex situation during the pandemic, has produced a significant impact on the availability of new and long-term sources of business financing, mainly related to mid and large-size companies, but also to start-ups. Currently, all such categories of businesses find difficulties in obtaining long-term financing from banks and this has major implications on financing their investments and projects in the pipeline. In a time when, paradoxically, bank credit is becoming increasingly complex and difficult and therefore, to score a significant influence on the economy and investment financing, and regardless of the existing liquidity abundance, establishing and developing Private Equity/Venture Capital Funds (PE/VC) can play an important contribution in this regard. Despite the fact that such type of institutional investor is currently lacking within the Albanian capital market, some basic legal, institutional and economic premises do exist within the Albanian financial landscape, and which could provide grounds for such an actor to play its role in providing an alternative source of long - term financing for Albanian businesses. Consequently, their existence could pave the way for revitalization of the idea and attempts to put into operation a functioning capital market in Albania, which is still rudimentary and non-active, and furthermore, helping in ensuring a sustainable long-term economic growth.
{"title":"Private Equity Funds/Venture Capital – A New Role and Opportunity in the Albanian Economy and Financial Market","authors":"Elvin S. Meka","doi":"10.26417/417vxe65j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/417vxe65j","url":null,"abstract":"The prolonged stagnation bank credit expansion, following the outbreak of recent economic and financial crises of 2008, and now the complex situation during the pandemic, has produced a significant impact on the availability of new and long-term sources of business financing, mainly related to mid and large-size companies, but also to start-ups. Currently, all such categories of businesses find difficulties in obtaining long-term financing from banks and this has major implications on financing their investments and projects in the pipeline. In a time when, paradoxically, bank credit is becoming increasingly complex and difficult and therefore, to score a significant influence on the economy and investment financing, and regardless of the existing liquidity abundance, establishing and developing Private Equity/Venture Capital Funds (PE/VC) can play an important contribution in this regard. Despite the fact that such type of institutional investor is currently lacking within the Albanian capital market, some basic legal, institutional and economic premises do exist within the Albanian financial landscape, and which could provide grounds for such an actor to play its role in providing an alternative source of long - term financing for Albanian businesses. Consequently, their existence could pave the way for revitalization of the idea and attempts to put into operation a functioning capital market in Albania, which is still rudimentary and non-active, and furthermore, helping in ensuring a sustainable long-term economic growth.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the relation between the north and south as two different geographical locations in the novel. By focusing on them, the article focuses on the hegemonic role of the classes and the emerging conflict. The conflict seems to be fought on industrial grounds but it relates to an intellectual and political awareness that plays a vital role in the sustenance of the ideological changes that take birth. The grave relationship of both classes is not controlled by sheer force but by a well thought out plan that plays a vital role delaying the emergence of a revolution in the working class. The void between the classes is sustained by a powerful mechanism which is indirectly ruling the entire arena of factories their workers and unions. Ironically the unions that are supposed to secure the lives and rights of the working class fall prey to the power of the industrialist.
{"title":"A Study of Hegemony and Class Conflict in Gaskel’s North And South","authors":"Ziead Al-Khafaf","doi":"10.26417/121vol47v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/121vol47v","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the relation between the north and south as two different geographical locations in the novel. By focusing on them, the article focuses on the hegemonic role of the classes and the emerging conflict. The conflict seems to be fought on industrial grounds but it relates to an intellectual and political awareness that plays a vital role in the sustenance of the ideological changes that take birth. The grave relationship of both classes is not controlled by sheer force but by a well thought out plan that plays a vital role delaying the emergence of a revolution in the working class. The void between the classes is sustained by a powerful mechanism which is indirectly ruling the entire arena of factories their workers and unions. Ironically the unions that are supposed to secure the lives and rights of the working class fall prey to the power of the industrialist.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116826167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: In volleyball the main achievement is winning the match so the tools and methods used during the training sessions are very important to achieve this goal. Purpose of the study is the identification of volleyball players in the development performance of i VO2max. Method: Test Astrand was used to evaluate VO2max in 75 female volleyball players in the average age of 17.1 years of the Albanian championship in two different periods _Pre and _Post mini phase of their training in the respective teams. Anthropometric measurements BH, BW, BMI and Astrand test were developed. Results; showed a positive value of progress from Pre-test to Post-test of volleyball players. There was a correlation between the maximum heart rate per minute and the maximum intake 021 / min, Maximum heart rate per minute and MaxV02 intake ml / kg / min in the post test, which showed a negative correlation, but the results are not significant at p≤0.05. The comparison of the test before and after did not mark a significant. Conclusion: It was noted that the training of volleyball players was aimed at strength. Strength training has made the only positive contribution to this type of improvement. Our study shows that the correlation between strength training and performance improvement of maximum VO2max results of laboratory values compared to the good part of them were significant. The impact of strength training can not be said to be a primary indicator but a secondary indicator in VO2max performance.
目的:在排球比赛中，主要的成就是赢得比赛，所以训练过程中使用的工具和方法对实现这一目标非常重要。本研究的目的是对排球运动员的最大摄氧量发展表现进行鉴定。方法:采用Test Astrand对75名平均年龄为17.1岁的阿尔巴尼亚锦标赛女排运动员在各自球队训练前和训练后两个不同阶段的VO2max进行测试。制定了人体测量标准BH、BW、BMI和Astrand试验。结果;排球运动员从前测到后测的进步呈正相关。后测最大心率每分钟与最大摄食量021 / min、最大心率每分钟与MaxV02摄食量ml / kg / min呈负相关，但p≤0.05时结果不显著。测试前后比较无显著性差异。结论:排球运动员的训练应以力量训练为目标。力量训练对这种类型的改善做出了唯一的积极贡献。我们的研究表明，力量训练与最大VO2max成绩之间的相关性与实验室值相比是显著的。力量训练的影响不能说是VO2max表现的主要指标，而是次要指标。
{"title":"Performance of Female Volleyball Players in VO2max","authors":"E. Lleshi","doi":"10.26417/262yzc26s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/262yzc26s","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In volleyball the main achievement is winning the match so the tools and methods used during the training sessions are very important to achieve this goal. Purpose of the study is the identification of volleyball players in the development performance of i VO2max. Method: Test Astrand was used to evaluate VO2max in 75 female volleyball players in the average age of 17.1 years of the Albanian championship in two different periods _Pre and _Post mini phase of their training in the respective teams. Anthropometric measurements BH, BW, BMI and Astrand test were developed. Results; showed a positive value of progress from Pre-test to Post-test of volleyball players. There was a correlation between the maximum heart rate per minute and the maximum intake 021 / min, Maximum heart rate per minute and MaxV02 intake ml / kg / min in the post test, which showed a negative correlation, but the results are not significant at p≤0.05. The comparison of the test before and after did not mark a significant. Conclusion: It was noted that the training of volleyball players was aimed at strength. Strength training has made the only positive contribution to this type of improvement. Our study shows that the correlation between strength training and performance improvement of maximum VO2max results of laboratory values compared to the good part of them were significant. The impact of strength training can not be said to be a primary indicator but a secondary indicator in VO2max performance.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130385085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Saretzki, J. Pretsch, Ekaterina Pretsch, Gerhard Grossmann
This paper presents an initial literature review of human experience, behavior, and action in crises, disasters, and threat scenarios. Crisis scenarios under the sign of partly strategic terrorism represent a dominant trend in the observation of global transformations. In the context of a generally necessary understanding concerning both physical and psychological processes during the confrontation with specific threat scenarios, both previous and future psychological and social science studies are of great importance. Regarding the acute and chronic psychological, physical, and even social consequences of specific threat scenarios, the databases PSYNDEX, PsycARTICELS, and PTSDpubs (formerly PILOTS) were accessed. Numerous publications were extracted and summarized in the following. Despite the widespread and frequently used term terrorism, this designation definition has not been uniformly generalized to date. The psychological consequences of such stressful situations are often only addressed concerning the groups of people directly affected and limited to post-traumatic stress syndromes' development. However, theories and approaches must be emphasized, dedicated to the human reaction pattern in threat scenarios, to uncover specific behavioral patterns in the confrontation with one's vulnerability. Thus, the defense of one's values and norms in the sense of the Terror Management Theory (TMT) is one of the fundamental reactions of directly and indirectly affected groups of people, which is accompanied by corresponding physiological processes and also affective states. The consideration of individual reaction patterns due to increased sensitivity concerning diverse threat scenarios also represents a thoroughly critical approach since these patterns of experience, behavior, and action can lead to an impairment of the overall social coexistence. Previous theories and approaches in the context of psychological and social science disaster research make it clear that the experience, behavior, and action both before, during, and after various threat events require more specific consideration. The distinction between persons directly and indirectly affected by particular circumstances also appears necessary and should be considered in future research approaches, focusing on critical infrastructures.
{"title":"Experience, Behavior, and Action in Crisis Situations: A Literature Review","authors":"J. Saretzki, J. Pretsch, Ekaterina Pretsch, Gerhard Grossmann","doi":"10.26417/865zkc67y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/865zkc67y","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an initial literature review of human experience, behavior, and action in crises, disasters, and threat scenarios. Crisis scenarios under the sign of partly strategic terrorism represent a dominant trend in the observation of global transformations. In the context of a generally necessary understanding concerning both physical and psychological processes during the confrontation with specific threat scenarios, both previous and future psychological and social science studies are of great importance. Regarding the acute and chronic psychological, physical, and even social consequences of specific threat scenarios, the databases PSYNDEX, PsycARTICELS, and PTSDpubs (formerly PILOTS) were accessed. Numerous publications were extracted and summarized in the following. Despite the widespread and frequently used term terrorism, this designation definition has not been uniformly generalized to date. The psychological consequences of such stressful situations are often only addressed concerning the groups of people directly affected and limited to post-traumatic stress syndromes' development. However, theories and approaches must be emphasized, dedicated to the human reaction pattern in threat scenarios, to uncover specific behavioral patterns in the confrontation with one's vulnerability. Thus, the defense of one's values and norms in the sense of the Terror Management Theory (TMT) is one of the fundamental reactions of directly and indirectly affected groups of people, which is accompanied by corresponding physiological processes and also affective states. The consideration of individual reaction patterns due to increased sensitivity concerning diverse threat scenarios also represents a thoroughly critical approach since these patterns of experience, behavior, and action can lead to an impairment of the overall social coexistence. Previous theories and approaches in the context of psychological and social science disaster research make it clear that the experience, behavior, and action both before, during, and after various threat events require more specific consideration. The distinction between persons directly and indirectly affected by particular circumstances also appears necessary and should be considered in future research approaches, focusing on critical infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Academic advising is the process between the students and academic advisors who exploring the value of a general education, reviewing the services and policies of the institution, discussing educational and career plans to make appropriate course selection goals for their students. Some studies have been conducted on academic advising and its effects on students’ academic development. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to contribute the previous studies by presenting the factors that academic advising has an impact on students’ academic development. Thus, this paper will explore whether academic advising is efficient to the students or not. For this purpose, previous studies were reviewed, and the questionnaire was shaped. The participants were selected randomly who are the juniors and seniors (61% females and 39% males) of English Department at Balkh University. In the long run, the analysed data revealed that the functions of academic advising have impact on students’, success, development, educational outcomes, students’ satisfactions and students’ retention.
{"title":"The Effects of Academic Advising on Juniors and Seniors of English Department at Balkh University","authors":"Sayed Mustafa Zewary","doi":"10.26417/899lxr45v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/899lxr45v","url":null,"abstract":"Academic advising is the process between the students and academic advisors who exploring the value of a general education, reviewing the services and policies of the institution, discussing educational and career plans to make appropriate course selection goals for their students. Some studies have been conducted on academic advising and its effects on students’ academic development. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to contribute the previous studies by presenting the factors that academic advising has an impact on students’ academic development. Thus, this paper will explore whether academic advising is efficient to the students or not. For this purpose, previous studies were reviewed, and the questionnaire was shaped. The participants were selected randomly who are the juniors and seniors (61% females and 39% males) of English Department at Balkh University. In the long run, the analysed data revealed that the functions of academic advising have impact on students’, success, development, educational outcomes, students’ satisfactions and students’ retention.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117222968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The years 20 - 30 of the last century brought great economic development for our country, and in particular for the city of Korca. In this period, urban planning and especially its implementation received great attention. At this time Korca was thinking of changing and improving its existing urban structure. The citizens and intellectuals of Korça, through numerous discussions that took place in the press of the time, provided their solutions to the main urban problems, such as the city river, electrification, roads and boulevards, forestation, etc. The introduction of new ideas for solving the urban problems that the city faced in that period turned Korca into a reference point for their implementation. Making it the center and reference point for the urban developments that he was conceiving and using in that period. This was the Korca of the 20s and 30s, the city of ideas, development, and social, economic, architectural, and urban change.
{"title":"Further Urban Development from the Beginning of the Century to the End of the 30s","authors":"Eftiola Thanas","doi":"10.26417/453lhu18w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/453lhu18w","url":null,"abstract":"The years 20 - 30 of the last century brought great economic development for our country, and in particular for the city of Korca. In this period, urban planning and especially its implementation received great attention. At this time Korca was thinking of changing and improving its existing urban structure. The citizens and intellectuals of Korça, through numerous discussions that took place in the press of the time, provided their solutions to the main urban problems, such as the city river, electrification, roads and boulevards, forestation, etc. The introduction of new ideas for solving the urban problems that the city faced in that period turned Korca into a reference point for their implementation. Making it the center and reference point for the urban developments that he was conceiving and using in that period. This was the Korca of the 20s and 30s, the city of ideas, development, and social, economic, architectural, and urban change.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126645544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dreams have been a source of inspiration for humans throughout the history. They vary from the ordinary to surreal. They are a universal phenomenon that links the entire humanity. They are visual and spatial experience, but very personalized. Throughout history, many artists and researchers have tried to portray dreams through various mediums such as arts and literature. But the question who success full they were in portray of nocturnal fantasies? This paper aims to present challenges that are inevitable in various mediums for the portray of dreams. It explains how cinema is one such medium that can generate a common dream that is relatable and re-interpretable. This study is to guide researchers in the field of arts and spatial design to help them pick their medium for portraying of dreams to get the most suitable come. It suggests how the cinema screen works as the psychological prosthesis of our dream screen and that the development of film technology has allowed us to view films that very faithfully mimic night fantasies. Thus, the experience of watching films in the cinema is an approximation of our own dreaming experience.
{"title":"Oneiric Cinema Creating a Collective Dream","authors":"Mahreen Junaid","doi":"10.26417/288iui59w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/288iui59w","url":null,"abstract":"Dreams have been a source of inspiration for humans throughout the history. They vary from the ordinary to surreal. They are a universal phenomenon that links the entire humanity. They are visual and spatial experience, but very personalized. Throughout history, many artists and researchers have tried to portray dreams through various mediums such as arts and literature. But the question who success full they were in portray of nocturnal fantasies? This paper aims to present challenges that are inevitable in various mediums for the portray of dreams. It explains how cinema is one such medium that can generate a common dream that is relatable and re-interpretable. This study is to guide researchers in the field of arts and spatial design to help them pick their medium for portraying of dreams to get the most suitable come. It suggests how the cinema screen works as the psychological prosthesis of our dream screen and that the development of film technology has allowed us to view films that very faithfully mimic night fantasies. Thus, the experience of watching films in the cinema is an approximation of our own dreaming experience.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the functioning of the integrated child protection system, it is necessary to establish structures and make them operational responsible for policy making and their implementation on the issues affecting the rights and protection of the child. Receiving the recommendation to open accession negotiations for Albania's membership in the European Union places the institutions responsible for the approximation of legislation with responsibility. The new legal framework for the rights and protection of the child is designed in the spirit of the European Union by creating institutional mechanisms. This article will describe the functionality of these mechanisms in practice by highlighting field problems and concrete data on cases of children in need of protect.
{"title":"Institutional Mechanisms for the Rights and Protection of the Child in Albania, Their Practical Operation","authors":"Tandili Alma (Lleshi)","doi":"10.26417/345xuj41g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/345xuj41g","url":null,"abstract":"For the functioning of the integrated child protection system, it is necessary to establish structures and make them operational responsible for policy making and their implementation on the issues affecting the rights and protection of the child. Receiving the recommendation to open accession negotiations for Albania's membership in the European Union places the institutions responsible for the approximation of legislation with responsibility. The new legal framework for the rights and protection of the child is designed in the spirit of the European Union by creating institutional mechanisms. This article will describe the functionality of these mechanisms in practice by highlighting field problems and concrete data on cases of children in need of protect.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130671706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of the works of Balkan writers such as Ivo Andric, Niko Kazantzakis, and Ismail Kadare takes on a special significance in terms of assessing cultural Balkanism and its implications. The purpose of this paper is to understand if there is a common theme or shared elements in the literature and the three abovementioned writers of the Balkan countries. The review is based on the qualitative approach of the study, combining analytical method, which is used to collect data from the works of three authors from three different countries of the Balkan Peninsula to better understand the common social, cultural, and literary elements and motives of their work, followed by the comparative method, which is used to further analyze the topic and find counteracts regarding the hypothesis of the existence of the concept of Balkanism in the literature of the different countries of the Penninsula. Each of the authors has created his own reality. The redemption and construction of the ruins are associated with the traditional sacrifice of immurement. The work of Kazantzakis and Andric conveys the fundamental state of pessimism or skepticism towards the new history of mankind. The three authors, share elements in their work, which appears not only as similar literary motifs between them, but also between the Balkan culture from which the authors come from, reflected in modern literature. There is a relationship and interaction between the culture, folklore and mythology of the various countries of the peninsula, thus giving support to the idea of the development of Balkanism.
{"title":"Cultural Balkanism: Ivo Andric and Niko Kazanzakis Vis-À-Vis with Kadare","authors":"Dhurata Lamçja","doi":"10.26417/549hmb47d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/549hmb47d","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the works of Balkan writers such as Ivo Andric, Niko Kazantzakis, and Ismail Kadare takes on a special significance in terms of assessing cultural Balkanism and its implications. The purpose of this paper is to understand if there is a common theme or shared elements in the literature and the three abovementioned writers of the Balkan countries. The review is based on the qualitative approach of the study, combining analytical method, which is used to collect data from the works of three authors from three different countries of the Balkan Peninsula to better understand the common social, cultural, and literary elements and motives of their work, followed by the comparative method, which is used to further analyze the topic and find counteracts regarding the hypothesis of the existence of the concept of Balkanism in the literature of the different countries of the Penninsula. Each of the authors has created his own reality. The redemption and construction of the ruins are associated with the traditional sacrifice of immurement. The work of Kazantzakis and Andric conveys the fundamental state of pessimism or skepticism towards the new history of mankind. The three authors, share elements in their work, which appears not only as similar literary motifs between them, but also between the Balkan culture from which the authors come from, reflected in modern literature. There is a relationship and interaction between the culture, folklore and mythology of the various countries of the peninsula, thus giving support to the idea of the development of Balkanism.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to reflect on some views on science by Social Theory and Cultural Analysis, which have had their resonance across the biological, physical and social sciences on the topic, without easily fitting into the dominant sociological tradition. For this purpose, the focus of the analysis is upon the contributions made in social theory and cultural analysis by the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz as opposed to the logical positivism, and by the German sociologist Norbert Elias as confirmed by the Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine. By defining culture as a shared system of intersubjective symbols and meanings, a science of culture has been considered in terms of interdisciplinary analysis of temporary and unstable features; little–predictable at all levels of physical evolution, social organization, and psychological process. In contrast to classical science, whose views emphasized stability and order, Elias has found in nature the relations between biological, physical and cultural processes and to him that explains how nature, society, and individuals are interdependent with each other. By analyzing Elias’ view on science, I will identify the strengths and limitations of his Figurational Sociology, where the real investigation to capture long-term figurational dynamics and developments is achieved only with the right degree of detachment from (rather than involvement into) social life and political commitment. The civilizing process remains the perfect object to study the relationship among power, knowledge, emotion, and behavior over time. The concept of civilization as a matter of perception, of natural science as temporary, strongly influenced by the external environment, and shaped by cultural receptivity to its dominant ideas, may be of particular interest in terms of policy evaluation and management of the res publica. Elias’ relational perspective of fear, violence, and state is vital in the processual approach to the formation of class, caste, and of urban space. And rather than a laudatory or carpingly nihilist speech–which history shows it can foster cruel behaviour across a nation– critical thinking should be seriously considered and encouraged by experts of media, academia and political communication, to avoid potential barbarisms in the twenty-first Century, in developing, second or first world countries.
{"title":"Science as Interdisciplinary Analysis of Temporary and Unstable Features, and Norbert Elias’ Relational Perspective of Fear, Violence and State","authors":"Leida Ruvina","doi":"10.26417/764qvh62s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/764qvh62s","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to reflect on some views on science by Social Theory and Cultural Analysis, which have had their resonance across the biological, physical and social sciences on the topic, without easily fitting into the dominant sociological tradition. For this purpose, the focus of the analysis is upon the contributions made in social theory and cultural analysis by the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz as opposed to the logical positivism, and by the German sociologist Norbert Elias as confirmed by the Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine. By defining culture as a shared system of intersubjective symbols and meanings, a science of culture has been considered in terms of interdisciplinary analysis of temporary and unstable features; little–predictable at all levels of physical evolution, social organization, and psychological process. In contrast to classical science, whose views emphasized stability and order, Elias has found in nature the relations between biological, physical and cultural processes and to him that explains how nature, society, and individuals are interdependent with each other. By analyzing Elias’ view on science, I will identify the strengths and limitations of his Figurational Sociology, where the real investigation to capture long-term figurational dynamics and developments is achieved only with the right degree of detachment from (rather than involvement into) social life and political commitment. The civilizing process remains the perfect object to study the relationship among power, knowledge, emotion, and behavior over time. The concept of civilization as a matter of perception, of natural science as temporary, strongly influenced by the external environment, and shaped by cultural receptivity to its dominant ideas, may be of particular interest in terms of policy evaluation and management of the res publica. Elias’ relational perspective of fear, violence, and state is vital in the processual approach to the formation of class, caste, and of urban space. And rather than a laudatory or carpingly nihilist speech–which history shows it can foster cruel behaviour across a nation– critical thinking should be seriously considered and encouraged by experts of media, academia and political communication, to avoid potential barbarisms in the twenty-first Century, in developing, second or first world countries.","PeriodicalId":432313,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Science Education and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130153076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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