The expected utility theory axioms have been studied experimentally. Three of the experiments are a repetition of an earlier test in slightly changed circumstances, while the other two are original. The participants were incentivised with rewards, which did not happen in the replicated tests. The results confirmed the degeneration of the expected utility theory as a scientific research program. The evidence that resulted from the tests supported the hypothesis on the cumulative prospect theory predicting facts not forecasted by the EUT.
{"title":"From expected utility theory to prospect theory: tracking down the experimental path after forty years","authors":"S. Kalinowski","doi":"10.37190/ORD200403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ORD200403","url":null,"abstract":"The expected utility theory axioms have been studied experimentally. Three of the experiments are a repetition of an earlier test in slightly changed circumstances, while the other two are original. The participants were incentivised with rewards, which did not happen in the replicated tests. The results confirmed the degeneration of the expected utility theory as a scientific research program. The evidence that resulted from the tests supported the hypothesis on the cumulative prospect theory predicting facts not forecasted by the EUT.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86686290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problems related to lack of financial stability of hospitals, which have a negative impact on the development of health care, gave rise to the need of implementing appropriate effectiveness measurement methods. Thus, the aim of this article is to assess the functioning of public hospitals in Poland between the years 2007-2017. The analysis is based on data reflecting the financial and organisational sphere of individual 321 public hospitals, divided into groups, according to their founding body, in the same time span. The Promethee II method in conjunction with the Balanced Scorecard methodology was implemented. The study allowed not only to distinguish groups of hospitals with the highest level of effectiveness as compared to the group under study, but also to identify the criteria that are most important in shaping it. The application of Promethee II gave the opportunity to assess the functioning of hospitals, as well as to compare their results with the results of leaders.
{"title":"Improving managerial decisions in health care sector: application of Promethee II method I n public hospitals","authors":"Katarzyna M. Miszczyńska","doi":"10.37190/ORD200405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ORD200405","url":null,"abstract":"Problems related to lack of financial stability of hospitals, which have a negative impact on the development of health care, gave rise to the need of implementing appropriate effectiveness measurement methods. Thus, the aim of this article is to assess the functioning of public hospitals in Poland between the years 2007-2017. The analysis is based on data reflecting the financial and organisational sphere of individual 321 public hospitals, divided into groups, according to their founding body, in the same time span. The Promethee II method in conjunction with the Balanced Scorecard methodology was implemented. The study allowed not only to distinguish groups of hospitals with the highest level of effectiveness as compared to the group under study, but also to identify the criteria that are most important in shaping it. The application of Promethee II gave the opportunity to assess the functioning of hospitals, as well as to compare their results with the results of leaders.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81697999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, trade is shifting mainly to virtual reality. Increasingly more customers, using various types of mobile devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, look for products and services in online stores, counting on fast, convenient and efficient fulfilment of the order. To meet the customers’ requirements, trade enterprises may implement the omnichannel strategy as a way to streamline the entire sales and distribution system of goods from the store to the customer, ensuring the possibility of continuous monitoring transactions. The paper examines the development of omnichannel strategy by the Polish small and medium enterprises. The underlying assumption of the paper is to identify to what extent the Polish companies concentrate on omnichannel strategy in the functioning of their business. The discussion is based on the results of the study obtained from the CAWI survey, CATI survey, and the in-depth interview conducted among the group of Polish MSMEs in Silesian Voivodeship.
{"title":"The level of omnichannel use in Polish MSMEs","authors":"K. Szymczyk","doi":"10.37190/ord200307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200307","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, trade is shifting mainly to virtual reality. Increasingly more customers, using various types of mobile devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, look for products and services in online stores, counting on fast, convenient and efficient fulfilment of the order. To meet the customers’ requirements, trade enterprises may implement the omnichannel strategy as a way to streamline the entire sales and distribution system of goods from the store to the customer, ensuring the possibility of continuous monitoring transactions. The paper examines the development of omnichannel strategy by the Polish small and medium enterprises. The underlying assumption of the paper is to identify to what extent the Polish companies concentrate on omnichannel strategy in the functioning of their business. The discussion is based on the results of the study obtained from the CAWI survey, CATI survey, and the in-depth interview conducted among the group of Polish MSMEs in Silesian Voivodeship.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"20 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82633455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammara Tanveer, M. Azam, M. Aslam, Muhammad Shujaat Navaz
Weight elicitation is an important part of multi-criteria decision analysis. In real-life decision-making problems precise information is seldom available, and providing weights is often cognitively demanding as well as very time- and effort-consuming. The judgment of decision-makers (DMs) de-pends on their knowledge, skills, experience, personality, and available information. One of the weights determination approaches is ranking the criteria and converting the resulting ranking into numerical values. The best known and most widely used are rank sum, rank reciprocal and centroid weights techniques. The goal of this paper is to extend rank ordering criteria weighting methods for imprecise data, especially fuzzy data. Since human judgments, including preferences, are often vague and cannot be expressed by exact numerical values, the application of fuzzy concepts in elicitation weights is deemed relevant. The methods built on the ideas of rank order techniques take into account imprecise information about rank. The fuzzy rank sum, fuzzy rank reciprocal, and fuzzy centroid weights techniques are proposed. The weights obtained for each criterion are triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed fuzzy rank ordering criteria weighting methods can be easily implemented into decision support systems. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed methods.
{"title":"The extention rank ordering criteria weighting methods in fuzzy enviroment","authors":"Ammara Tanveer, M. Azam, M. Aslam, Muhammad Shujaat Navaz","doi":"10.37190/ord200206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200206","url":null,"abstract":"Weight elicitation is an important part of multi-criteria decision analysis. In real-life decision-making problems precise information is seldom available, and providing weights is often cognitively demanding as well as very time- and effort-consuming. The judgment of decision-makers (DMs) de-pends on their knowledge, skills, experience, personality, and available information. One of the weights determination approaches is ranking the criteria and converting the resulting ranking into numerical values. The best known and most widely used are rank sum, rank reciprocal and centroid weights techniques. The goal of this paper is to extend rank ordering criteria weighting methods for imprecise data, especially fuzzy data. Since human judgments, including preferences, are often vague and cannot be expressed by exact numerical values, the application of fuzzy concepts in elicitation weights is deemed relevant. The methods built on the ideas of rank order techniques take into account imprecise information about rank. The fuzzy rank sum, fuzzy rank reciprocal, and fuzzy centroid weights techniques are proposed. The weights obtained for each criterion are triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed fuzzy rank ordering criteria weighting methods can be easily implemented into decision support systems. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whitby in his book about artificial intelligence [21] states that the human brain consists of 100 networks of networks (NoN). One of the examples of NoN is a hybrid multiphase queueing system (HMQS). At first, we present the summary of works dedicated to a particular case of HMQS and multiphase queueing system (MQS, see Fig. 1). One can apply limit theorems for a waiting time of a customer and a queue length of customers to get probabilistic characteristics of MQS under various conditions of heavy traffic [2, 3]. The most fundamental example (a single-phase case, where the time intervals in between the arrivals of customers to MQS are independent identically distributed random variables and there is a single device, working independently of the output in heavy traffic) has been completely investigated by several authors [2, 8]. Iglehart [5] carefully investigated a single-device case and obtained laws of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for this case. It is surprising to note that the fundamental results of Iglehart on the queueing systems, working in heavy traffic are rarely used [4–8]. There are only a few papers on the theory of MQS in heavy traffic [10, 12, 13] with, however, no proof of LIL for the probabilistic characteristics of MQS in heavy traffic. LIL for a cumulative waiting time
{"title":"On the law of the iterated logarithm in hybrid multiphase queueing systems","authors":"S. Minkevičius","doi":"10.37190/ORD200404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ORD200404","url":null,"abstract":"Whitby in his book about artificial intelligence [21] states that the human brain consists of 100 networks of networks (NoN). One of the examples of NoN is a hybrid multiphase queueing system (HMQS). At first, we present the summary of works dedicated to a particular case of HMQS and multiphase queueing system (MQS, see Fig. 1). One can apply limit theorems for a waiting time of a customer and a queue length of customers to get probabilistic characteristics of MQS under various conditions of heavy traffic [2, 3]. The most fundamental example (a single-phase case, where the time intervals in between the arrivals of customers to MQS are independent identically distributed random variables and there is a single device, working independently of the output in heavy traffic) has been completely investigated by several authors [2, 8]. Iglehart [5] carefully investigated a single-device case and obtained laws of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for this case. It is surprising to note that the fundamental results of Iglehart on the queueing systems, working in heavy traffic are rarely used [4–8]. There are only a few papers on the theory of MQS in heavy traffic [10, 12, 13] with, however, no proof of LIL for the probabilistic characteristics of MQS in heavy traffic. LIL for a cumulative waiting time","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84258293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazanin Abbasnezhad, Javad MEHRI-TAKMEH, J. Vakili
Domination in graphs is well known and has been an extensively researched branch of graph theory. Since the variation over time is one of the important properties of real-world networks, we study the influence of time on the domination problem. In this paper, we introduce the domination over time problem, including time delay on arcs. Then, an optimal solution to its discretisation is obtained, which is the solution of the original problem.
{"title":"The domination over time and its discretisation","authors":"Nazanin Abbasnezhad, Javad MEHRI-TAKMEH, J. Vakili","doi":"10.37190/ord200101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200101","url":null,"abstract":"Domination in graphs is well known and has been an extensively researched branch of graph theory. Since the variation over time is one of the important properties of real-world networks, we study the influence of time on the domination problem. In this paper, we introduce the domination over time problem, including time delay on arcs. Then, an optimal solution to its discretisation is obtained, which is the solution of the original problem.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88239916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Roszkowska, Marzena Filipowicz-Chomko, T. Wachowicz
When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers often use aspiration and reservation levels for criteria, which allows them to define some reference alternatives that build a common framework for the evaluation. In this paper, new multiple criteria approach, called distances to aspiration reference points (DARP), is presented, which can be implemented in a specific evaluation or ranking problem when many different aspiration levels should be taken into consideration. One example of such problem is measuring sustainable development of countries or states within the Union. In DARP, to measure the performance of alternative (state), the notion of distances between alternative and individual or common aspiration reference points is used. To manage the problem of different reference points, a modified max-min normalisation technique is proposed. DARP application for measuring smart growth of the EU countries is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Using individual and common reference points to measure the performance of alternatives in multiple criteria evaluation","authors":"E. Roszkowska, Marzena Filipowicz-Chomko, T. Wachowicz","doi":"10.37190/ord200305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200305","url":null,"abstract":"When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers often use aspiration and reservation levels for criteria, which allows them to define some reference alternatives that build a common framework for the evaluation. In this paper, new multiple criteria approach, called distances to aspiration reference points (DARP), is presented, which can be implemented in a specific evaluation or ranking problem when many different aspiration levels should be taken into consideration. One example of such problem is measuring sustainable development of countries or states within the Union. In DARP, to measure the performance of alternative (state), the notion of distances between alternative and individual or common aspiration reference points is used. To manage the problem of different reference points, a modified max-min normalisation technique is proposed. DARP application for measuring smart growth of the EU countries is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many hospital rankings are based on algorithms and weights elicited by experts. The paper attempts to build rankings of Polish district hospitals using the TOPSIS method and to examine the sensitivity of the results to the changes in weights. We considered 11 large and 34 medium-sized hospitals. The criteria set consists of man-days total, profit/loss on sales, contract with the National Health Fund, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Because of this, rankings consider different spheres in which hospitals perform, including the financial aspect and their main goal, i.e., treating patients. The results show that despite the overall high similarity of rankings, the benchmarking based on rankings should be done with care as the positions of some individual hospitals changed to a great degree.
{"title":"Stability of hospital rankings","authors":"A. Sielska","doi":"10.37190/ORD200407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ORD200407","url":null,"abstract":"Many hospital rankings are based on algorithms and weights elicited by experts. The paper attempts to build rankings of Polish district hospitals using the TOPSIS method and to examine the sensitivity of the results to the changes in weights. We considered 11 large and 34 medium-sized hospitals. The criteria set consists of man-days total, profit/loss on sales, contract with the National Health Fund, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Because of this, rankings consider different spheres in which hospitals perform, including the financial aspect and their main goal, i.e., treating patients. The results show that despite the overall high similarity of rankings, the benchmarking based on rankings should be done with care as the positions of some individual hospitals changed to a great degree.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81502487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation problem (TP) is a special type of linear programming problem (LPP) where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing a product from several sources (or origins) to some destinations. This paper addresses a transportation problem in which the costs, supplies, and demands are represented as heptagonal fuzzy numbers. After converting the problem into the corresponding crisp TP using the ranking method, a goal programming (GP) approach is applied for obtaining the optimal solution. The advantage of GP for the decision-maker is easy to explain and implement in real life transportation. The stability set of the first kind corresponding to the optimal solution is determined. A numerical example is given to highlight the solution approach.
{"title":"Goal programming approach for solving heptagonal fuzzy transportation problem under budgetry constraint","authors":"H. Khalifa","doi":"10.37190/ord200105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200105","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation problem (TP) is a special type of linear programming problem (LPP) where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing a product from several sources (or origins) to some destinations. This paper addresses a transportation problem in which the costs, supplies, and demands are represented as heptagonal fuzzy numbers. After converting the problem into the corresponding crisp TP using the ranking method, a goal programming (GP) approach is applied for obtaining the optimal solution. The advantage of GP for the decision-maker is easy to explain and implement in real life transportation. The stability set of the first kind corresponding to the optimal solution is determined. A numerical example is given to highlight the solution approach.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89412879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographic research of the world population shows that societies are ageing. The ongoing changes in the population structure will require appropriate quantitative and qualitative adjustments in health services to meet the needs of society. Simulation methods turn out to be helpful in these kinds of analyses. In this paper, the authors present a case study on using discrete event simulation (DES) to support decision-making in the field of hospital bed management in the light of demographic changes. The case study was elaborated for one of the Polish district hospitals. A DES model was built to simulate admissions to two hospital wards: paediatric and geriatric. A series of experiments were carried out as based on real data extracted from the hospital database and forecasted demographic trends elaborated by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO). The influence of demographic changes on hospital admissions in the chosen age-gender cohorts was explored, examining different variants of hospital bed availability. The results of the experiments show that demographic trends significantly influence healthcare admission and bed utilisation. The reduction in the number of admissions to the paediatric ward by about 6% results in a change in average bed utilisation from 57.90% to 54.06%. With about 12% more admissions to the geriatric ward, the change is from 68.88% to 75.59%.
{"title":"Simulation modeling for predicting hospital admissions and bed utilisation","authors":"Maria Hajlasz, B. Mielczarek","doi":"10.37190/ord200301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord200301","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic research of the world population shows that societies are ageing. The ongoing changes in the population structure will require appropriate quantitative and qualitative adjustments in health services to meet the needs of society. Simulation methods turn out to be helpful in these kinds of analyses. In this paper, the authors present a case study on using discrete event simulation (DES) to support decision-making in the field of hospital bed management in the light of demographic changes. The case study was elaborated for one of the Polish district hospitals. A DES model was built to simulate admissions to two hospital wards: paediatric and geriatric. A series of experiments were carried out as based on real data extracted from the hospital database and forecasted demographic trends elaborated by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO). The influence of demographic changes on hospital admissions in the chosen age-gender cohorts was explored, examining different variants of hospital bed availability. The results of the experiments show that demographic trends significantly influence healthcare admission and bed utilisation. The reduction in the number of admissions to the paediatric ward by about 6% results in a change in average bed utilisation from 57.90% to 54.06%. With about 12% more admissions to the geriatric ward, the change is from 68.88% to 75.59%.","PeriodicalId":43244,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research and Decisions","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86081754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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