Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-5
O. Odintsov, I. R. Bereziuk-Rybak, R. Mann, Mykola Yu. Slynko
The aim of the article is to develop an applied methodology for identifying promising areas of agricultural development in Ukraine, which is based on the optimization of the tax burden on the industry through the use of production and institutional function. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the concept of Laffer curve and methods of scientific knowledge (econometric methods of studying the impact of taxes on the economy, regression analysis). The study uses a methodological approach that allows to optimize the tax burden on agriculture, which increases the industry’s output at a significantly lower level of the tax burden. With the help of econometric modeling, the optimal values of the tax burden have been calculated; the main patterns of the impact of the tax burden on the economic growth of agricultural production have been determined. The modern development of agriculture within the framework of the concept of sustainable development should be aimed at achieving food security and slowing down global warming. In order to obtain opportunities for the real implementation of the declared sustainable development goals in practice, economic entities in the country’s agricultural sector must function effectively according to the criteria of socio-economic, environmental and financial efficiency. One of the most effective levers for achieving such components of efficiency in the current conditions of the development of agriculture in Ukraine is the optimization of the tax burden. It has been established that the indicators of the tax burden have a significant impact on the development trajectory of the industry and form opportunities for increasing the level of social protection of the population. To identify and model the impact of the tax burden on the development of agriculture and the possibility of achieving signs of sustainable development, it is proposed to use a four-factor production-institutional function. As econometric parameters of the functioning of the economic and production system of the agrarian sector, the level of wages, the volume of capital investments, land area, and taxes are chosen. The econometric parameters demonstrated by the elasticity coefficients of the selected factors made it possible to calculate the Laffer points of the first and second order, on the basis of which the level of the tax burden is justified, which contributes to the growth of agricultural production in the context of tax optimization. pressure on the industry. Further research should be aimed at developing a strategy for the development of agriculture in Ukraine
{"title":"MODEL OF OPTIMIZATION OF TAX BURDEN ON THE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"O. Odintsov, I. R. Bereziuk-Rybak, R. Mann, Mykola Yu. Slynko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to develop an applied methodology for identifying promising areas of agricultural development in Ukraine, which is based on the optimization of the tax burden on the industry through the use of production and institutional function. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the concept of Laffer curve and methods of scientific knowledge (econometric methods of studying the impact of taxes on the economy, regression analysis). The study uses a methodological approach that allows to optimize the tax burden on agriculture, which increases the industry’s output at a significantly lower level of the tax burden. With the help of econometric modeling, the optimal values of the tax burden have been calculated; the main patterns of the impact of the tax burden on the economic growth of agricultural production have been determined. The modern development of agriculture within the framework of the concept of sustainable development should be aimed at achieving food security and slowing down global warming. In order to obtain opportunities for the real implementation of the declared sustainable development goals in practice, economic entities in the country’s agricultural sector must function effectively according to the criteria of socio-economic, environmental and financial efficiency. One of the most effective levers for achieving such components of efficiency in the current conditions of the development of agriculture in Ukraine is the optimization of the tax burden. It has been established that the indicators of the tax burden have a significant impact on the development trajectory of the industry and form opportunities for increasing the level of social protection of the population. To identify and model the impact of the tax burden on the development of agriculture and the possibility of achieving signs of sustainable development, it is proposed to use a four-factor production-institutional function. As econometric parameters of the functioning of the economic and production system of the agrarian sector, the level of wages, the volume of capital investments, land area, and taxes are chosen. The econometric parameters demonstrated by the elasticity coefficients of the selected factors made it possible to calculate the Laffer points of the first and second order, on the basis of which the level of the tax burden is justified, which contributes to the growth of agricultural production in the context of tax optimization. pressure on the industry. Further research should be aimed at developing a strategy for the development of agriculture in Ukraine","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81885111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-20
Yevhenii Yaskov, V. Smiesova
The research findings in the domain of economics prove that foreign direct investment is a powerful engine of the development of the economy of any country in the world. One of the important aspects of the increase in the volume of investments in the national economy is its investment attractiveness. The International Monetary Fund, the United Nations, the World Bank, and international rating agencies collect and analyze data to examine the investment attractiveness of the world’s countries. The most comprehensive and systematic information on the investment attractiveness of national economies is provided by assessments conducted by international rating agencies. The article is aimed at substantiation of the methodological approach to the assessment of the investment attractiveness of the national economy based on the cascade method and comprehensive analysis. It has been established that the methodology for forming the rating of international agencies is not always transparent and clear. Even market leaders make mistakes when forming ratings, which leads to significant financial losses for investors. The structure and dynamics of the European rating agencies market in 2017-2021 have been analysed. Its main leaders and development features have been identified. The main stages of the rating assessment of the country’s investment attractiveness, which is carried out by international rating agencies, have been defined. The article reveals the essence and shortcomings of methodological approaches to the assessment of the investment attractiveness of countries by international rating agencies and provides a comparison of the rating methodology of international agencies with alternative assessment methods. As a methodical toolkit for rating assessment, it is proposed to use factor methods that allow building a cascade-type system of ratings. Four cascades of assessment of investment attractiveness are specified – political, legal, institutional, and economic, as well as factors and indicators that shape them. Each cascade is analysed on the basis of the regression approach and forms an overall rating of investment attractiveness. After evaluating the obtained results for each cascade, it is determined which of them has the greatest impact on the overall rating. Such an assessment is more informative compared to other methodological approaches as it allows to identify the most influential group of factors in the formation of investment attractiveness rating, determine the cascades, that have the greatest and least value in the overall rating assessment, and analyse strengths and weaknesses in the economic, legal, institutional, and political spheres of the recipient country. The authors have provided an example of the application of the proposed methodological approach to hypothetical countries and developed an algorithm for analysing the investment attractiveness of the investigated object in the context of these countries.
{"title":"THE MARKET OF INTERNATIONAL RATING AGENCIES AND APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY","authors":"Yevhenii Yaskov, V. Smiesova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-20","url":null,"abstract":"The research findings in the domain of economics prove that foreign direct investment is a powerful engine of the development of the economy of any country in the world. One of the important aspects of the increase in the volume of investments in the national economy is its investment attractiveness. The International Monetary Fund, the United Nations, the World Bank, and international rating agencies collect and analyze data to examine the investment attractiveness of the world’s countries. The most comprehensive and systematic information on the investment attractiveness of national economies is provided by assessments conducted by international rating agencies. The article is aimed at substantiation of the methodological approach to the assessment of the investment attractiveness of the national economy based on the cascade method and comprehensive analysis. It has been established that the methodology for forming the rating of international agencies is not always transparent and clear. Even market leaders make mistakes when forming ratings, which leads to significant financial losses for investors. The structure and dynamics of the European rating agencies market in 2017-2021 have been analysed. Its main leaders and development features have been identified. The main stages of the rating assessment of the country’s investment attractiveness, which is carried out by international rating agencies, have been defined. The article reveals the essence and shortcomings of methodological approaches to the assessment of the investment attractiveness of countries by international rating agencies and provides a comparison of the rating methodology of international agencies with alternative assessment methods. As a methodical toolkit for rating assessment, it is proposed to use factor methods that allow building a cascade-type system of ratings. Four cascades of assessment of investment attractiveness are specified – political, legal, institutional, and economic, as well as factors and indicators that shape them. Each cascade is analysed on the basis of the regression approach and forms an overall rating of investment attractiveness. After evaluating the obtained results for each cascade, it is determined which of them has the greatest impact on the overall rating. Such an assessment is more informative compared to other methodological approaches as it allows to identify the most influential group of factors in the formation of investment attractiveness rating, determine the cascades, that have the greatest and least value in the overall rating assessment, and analyse strengths and weaknesses in the economic, legal, institutional, and political spheres of the recipient country. The authors have provided an example of the application of the proposed methodological approach to hypothetical countries and developed an algorithm for analysing the investment attractiveness of the investigated object in the context of these countries.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79180717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-16
T. But, T. Pulina, M. Joukl
The influence of the migration of the Ukraine’s population to the countries of the European Union on their labor potential during the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine has been studied. It has been established that since the beginning of spring 2022, Ukrainian war refugees represent a highly educated workforce for a number of European countries. The paper has assessed the labor potential of Ukrainian war refugees, which consists mainly of the economically active population, highly educated people, scientists, employees, young people with higher education, with prevailing share of women with children. Currently, the EU countries consider the prospect of a transition to a climate-neutral economy, which will influence such sectors as construction, energy, manufacturing and transport that, in turn, will require additional labor force with new skills. It is the significant intellectual component of the labor potential of Ukrainian war refugees that contributes to the rapid transition of the EU countries to a green and digital economy, which requires economic restructuring and transformation of labor markets. It has been proven that the massive migration flow of Ukrainian war refugees to the EU countries during the war will have a positive effect on thei labor potential and economic development. This is indicated by factors such as unemployment decrease and per capita GDP growth in the EU countries. It has been proved that there is a need for labor in the host countries. The study of political issues will enable migrants to live profitably in areas with a large number of representatives of the same ethnic group. The positive influence of the labor potential of the migration movement of the Ukraine’s population on the labor market of European countries has been proved. This will result in the improvement of the economy and increase in the relatively high employment rates among the mono-ethnic population. Therefore, it is important to monitor the situation closely to avoid any potential problems at the local labor level or in specific occupations.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE UKRAINIAN WAR REFUGEES ON THE ECONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES","authors":"T. But, T. Pulina, M. Joukl","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-16","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the migration of the Ukraine’s population to the countries of the European Union on their labor potential during the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine has been studied. It has been established that since the beginning of spring 2022, Ukrainian war refugees represent a highly educated workforce for a number of European countries. The paper has assessed the labor potential of Ukrainian war refugees, which consists mainly of the economically active population, highly educated people, scientists, employees, young people with higher education, with prevailing share of women with children. Currently, the EU countries consider the prospect of a transition to a climate-neutral economy, which will influence such sectors as construction, energy, manufacturing and transport that, in turn, will require additional labor force with new skills. It is the significant intellectual component of the labor potential of Ukrainian war refugees that contributes to the rapid transition of the EU countries to a green and digital economy, which requires economic restructuring and transformation of labor markets. It has been proven that the massive migration flow of Ukrainian war refugees to the EU countries during the war will have a positive effect on thei labor potential and economic development. This is indicated by factors such as unemployment decrease and per capita GDP growth in the EU countries. It has been proved that there is a need for labor in the host countries. The study of political issues will enable migrants to live profitably in areas with a large number of representatives of the same ethnic group. The positive influence of the labor potential of the migration movement of the Ukraine’s population on the labor market of European countries has been proved. This will result in the improvement of the economy and increase in the relatively high employment rates among the mono-ethnic population. Therefore, it is important to monitor the situation closely to avoid any potential problems at the local labor level or in specific occupations.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82595706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15
Volodymyr Momot, O. M. Lytvynenko, S. Zairzhanov
The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.
{"title":"SPECIFICS OF GAINING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE BY REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE","authors":"Volodymyr Momot, O. M. Lytvynenko, S. Zairzhanov","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84863531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-3
V. Koziuk, Anastasiia Lipetska, O. Dluhopolskyi, O. Shymanska
The grain industry occupies a leading position in the domestic agricultural market, and today, under the conditions of the 2022 war, the effective functioning of the grain market is extremely important to solve the problem of ensuring food and national security not only in Ukraine, but also in many other countries of the world. The purpose of the research is to conduct a correlation-regression analysis of the profitability of grain production in Ukraine, to single out the main influencing factors, to build a linear regression model based on the factors identified. Previous studies devoted to this topic (conducted by scientists from Ukraine, Great Britain, Egypt, Bangladesh, Iran, Niger, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and China) cover a wide range of factors influencing the profitability of grain production. However, the authors assume that to the greatest extent the studied indicator is influenced by precisely those factors that come from the essence of the definition of the profitability indicator. In order to test this hypothesis, the method of correlation-regression analysis was used, which allowed to identify factors that significantly impact the profitability of grain production in Ukraine. Model building and calculation of the regression coefficients were conducted using the software package STATISTICA. It was found that the most significant variables are yield, sales prices, costs of production and sales, on the basis of which a linear regression model was built, that reflects the dependence of the profitability of grain production in Ukraine on the above-mentioned indicators ( ). With an increase in yield per unit, profitability increases by 1.27 units. With an increase in the selling price per unit, the profitability increases by 0.0242. If the cost per unit of production increases, then the profitability of cereals will decrease by 0.0007. The distribution of the residuals of the model obtained by the authors is close to the normal distribution, and the histogram of the distribution of residuals is close to the graph of the normal distribution, therefore, we can conclude that this model is adequate. Based on the analysis of the distribution of residues, the model can be considered satisfactory. The analysis revealed a negative scale effect in the grain industry, which can be avoided if agricultural land is used effectively. The cancellation of the moratorium on the sale of land opens the way for the transfer of land to more efficient users, which will have a positive effect on the profitability of production.
{"title":"CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION AND SALE OF CEREAL CROPS IN UKRAINE","authors":"V. Koziuk, Anastasiia Lipetska, O. Dluhopolskyi, O. Shymanska","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-3","url":null,"abstract":"The grain industry occupies a leading position in the domestic agricultural market, and today, under the conditions of the 2022 war, the effective functioning of the grain market is extremely important to solve the problem of ensuring food and national security not only in Ukraine, but also in many other countries of the world. The purpose of the research is to conduct a correlation-regression analysis of the profitability of grain production in Ukraine, to single out the main influencing factors, to build a linear regression model based on the factors identified. Previous studies devoted to this topic (conducted by scientists from Ukraine, Great Britain, Egypt, Bangladesh, Iran, Niger, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and China) cover a wide range of factors influencing the profitability of grain production. However, the authors assume that to the greatest extent the studied indicator is influenced by precisely those factors that come from the essence of the definition of the profitability indicator. In order to test this hypothesis, the method of correlation-regression analysis was used, which allowed to identify factors that significantly impact the profitability of grain production in Ukraine. Model building and calculation of the regression coefficients were conducted using the software package STATISTICA. It was found that the most significant variables are yield, sales prices, costs of production and sales, on the basis of which a linear regression model was built, that reflects the dependence of the profitability of grain production in Ukraine on the above-mentioned indicators ( ). With an increase in yield per unit, profitability increases by 1.27 units. With an increase in the selling price per unit, the profitability increases by 0.0242. If the cost per unit of production increases, then the profitability of cereals will decrease by 0.0007. The distribution of the residuals of the model obtained by the authors is close to the normal distribution, and the histogram of the distribution of residuals is close to the graph of the normal distribution, therefore, we can conclude that this model is adequate. Based on the analysis of the distribution of residues, the model can be considered satisfactory. The analysis revealed a negative scale effect in the grain industry, which can be avoided if agricultural land is used effectively. The cancellation of the moratorium on the sale of land opens the way for the transfer of land to more efficient users, which will have a positive effect on the profitability of production.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83614806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-2
Y. Hlushchenko, O. Korohodova, N. О. Chernenko, T. Moiseienko
The article presents the main trends in the development of the utility sector in Ukraine. With the help of structural and comparative analysis, the activity and processes of energy consumption of the utility sector enterprises of Ukraine have been evaluated. It has been stressed that utility companies are natural monopolists and perform socially important functions, such as supply of gas, water, electricity, and provision of transport services. For a 9-year period (from 2012 to 2021), the dynamics of the creation of communal enterprises and condominiums has been assessed and their share in the total number of legal entities of Ukraine has been determined. It is noted that the general trend for the domestic utility sector is a constant increase in the number of condominiums. Such intensification of the functioning of utility sector enterprises is associated with more rational use of resources in the conditions of sustainable development and Industry 4.0, as well as with the creation of a competitive environment in the provision of services for the maintenance of buildings and their territories. A matrix of activation and actualization of the functioning of utility sector enterprises is proposed, which allows monitoring factors that significantly affect their activity at different levels of management. The cost of purchasing energy resources and its impact on the volume of the utility services offered for buildings and their territories has been estimated. An exponential dependence testifies to the effectiveness of using methods to reduce the cost of purchasing non-renewable energy sources and considering the possibility of attracting alternative, green energy sources. The possibility to attract alternative, green energy sources, has been considered in the article. Analytical dependencies have been obtained that allow forecasting the dynamics of changes in the share of utility services offered to houses, utility enterprises and their territories in the total volume of the communal sector of Ukraine, depending on the volume of energy consumption, their sources and cost
{"title":"STRUCTURAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE UTILITY SECTOR OF UKRAINE","authors":"Y. Hlushchenko, O. Korohodova, N. О. Chernenko, T. Moiseienko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main trends in the development of the utility sector in Ukraine. With the help of structural and comparative analysis, the activity and processes of energy consumption of the utility sector enterprises of Ukraine have been evaluated. It has been stressed that utility companies are natural monopolists and perform socially important functions, such as supply of gas, water, electricity, and provision of transport services. For a 9-year period (from 2012 to 2021), the dynamics of the creation of communal enterprises and condominiums has been assessed and their share in the total number of legal entities of Ukraine has been determined. It is noted that the general trend for the domestic utility sector is a constant increase in the number of condominiums. Such intensification of the functioning of utility sector enterprises is associated with more rational use of resources in the conditions of sustainable development and Industry 4.0, as well as with the creation of a competitive environment in the provision of services for the maintenance of buildings and their territories. A matrix of activation and actualization of the functioning of utility sector enterprises is proposed, which allows monitoring factors that significantly affect their activity at different levels of management. The cost of purchasing energy resources and its impact on the volume of the utility services offered for buildings and their territories has been estimated. An exponential dependence testifies to the effectiveness of using methods to reduce the cost of purchasing non-renewable energy sources and considering the possibility of attracting alternative, green energy sources. The possibility to attract alternative, green energy sources, has been considered in the article. Analytical dependencies have been obtained that allow forecasting the dynamics of changes in the share of utility services offered to houses, utility enterprises and their territories in the total volume of the communal sector of Ukraine, depending on the volume of energy consumption, their sources and cost","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78257593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-13
Faiz Alfazzi
SMEcos (Small and Medium Ecopreneurs) are critical players in the circular economy and achieving the goal of sustainable development. This is especially true because SMEcos have long been the backbone of economic progress, and entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to the sustainable use of natural resources and the reduction of development problems. Therefore, this research looks at the problems and opportunities faced by small and medium-sized ecopreneurs. The terms “sustainable development”, “circular economy”, and “ecopreneurship” have been discussed in the research. It also considers how SMEcos might contribute to the development of a circular economy. As a theoretical framework, the survey is based on sustainability theory. To conduct thorough study, relevant and accurate learning theory and reports have been employed. Entrepreneurs face four major challenges: financial availability and accessibility; a lack of planning, competent labor, and appropriate management skills; a lack of competitiveness, technical innovation, and consumer loyalty; and a lack of legal and regulatory framework as well as social considerations. The SMEs offers significant potential for entrepreneurial development, according to the results. New entrepreneurs are frequently confronted with rivalry, unforeseen business obstacles, and other reasons when faced with external hurdles. In addition, the results of the study have revealed a number of concepts that can help entrepreneurs overcome difficulties, such as being optimistic in the face of difficulties, spreading an idea and vision to potential investors, etc.
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES","authors":"Faiz Alfazzi","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-13","url":null,"abstract":"SMEcos (Small and Medium Ecopreneurs) are critical players in the circular economy and achieving the goal of sustainable development. This is especially true because SMEcos have long been the backbone of economic progress, and entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to the sustainable use of natural resources and the reduction of development problems. Therefore, this research looks at the problems and opportunities faced by small and medium-sized ecopreneurs. The terms “sustainable development”, “circular economy”, and “ecopreneurship” have been discussed in the research. It also considers how SMEcos might contribute to the development of a circular economy. As a theoretical framework, the survey is based on sustainability theory. To conduct thorough study, relevant and accurate learning theory and reports have been employed. Entrepreneurs face four major challenges: financial availability and accessibility; a lack of planning, competent labor, and appropriate management skills; a lack of competitiveness, technical innovation, and consumer loyalty; and a lack of legal and regulatory framework as well as social considerations. The SMEs offers significant potential for entrepreneurial development, according to the results. New entrepreneurs are frequently confronted with rivalry, unforeseen business obstacles, and other reasons when faced with external hurdles. In addition, the results of the study have revealed a number of concepts that can help entrepreneurs overcome difficulties, such as being optimistic in the face of difficulties, spreading an idea and vision to potential investors, etc.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81303432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-13
Volodymyr Momot, O. M. Lytvynenko, H. Y. Mytrofanova
The article examines the problems of changing priorities in staff motivation during the crisis and post-crisis period, as a complex socio-psychological phenomenon that can be explained with the help of behavioral economics. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, the main “side” effect, the transformation of motivational priorities, was investigated, which consists in a decrease in the level of job satisfaction with an increase in the level of remuneration, as noted in empirical studies conducted over a very long period of time. PANAS-C was chosen as the tools for empirical study of this phenomenon – a test of an active life position, a survey regarding the degree of satisfaction and significance of the WAMI work, as well as a test to identify the motivational type of Gerchikov. On a representative sample of employees of enterprises belonging to various fields of activity, having different sizes and forms of ownership, we tested and verified the proposed approach to explain the main effect of the transformation of motivational priorities, which consists in the fact that a decrease in the level of employee satisfaction with the growth of material incentives can be compensate with a positive attitude. A hypothesis has been formulated and confirmed regarding the desire of the staff to hide the true, purely material motivation, trying to give “socially justified” answers to questions regarding the motives of activity. The identified feature of behavior manifests itself almost regardless of the form of ownership, size and scope of the company. The authors proposed a phenomenological model that describes the dynamics of the process of changing priorities between external and internal motivation, which manifests itself through a significant decrease in the rate of growth in the efficiency of personnel activities while a significant increase in the level of material incentives continues. A simple approach is proposed to determine the moment of changing priorities between external and internal motivation, which can significantly increase the efficiency of the use of material resources when paying for labor. A kind of “conservation law” for material and non-material incentives (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) was formulated in the following form: the cumulative result of the influence of material and non-material incentives on the efficiency of the enterprise is a constant value that is preserved for this enterprise or its individual division while ensuring a negligible staff turnover. Using the mathematical interpretation of the most probable law describing the relationship between job satisfaction and efficiency, it was possible to explain many empirical effects that had been identified over a fairly long period. At the same time, the assumption about the existence of a stratification of respondents’ reactions according to different hierarchical levels of the organization did not find adequate confirmation.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-8
T. Bolgar, Viktoriia M. Varenyk, Z. Pestovska, I. M. Miro
The development and implementation of the latest technologies requires certain changes in the management of enterprises, organizations and banks that seek to be competitive in the market. Many studies state that enterprises and organizations that are flexible and quickly adapt to changes in the external environment, quickly improve management, taking into account all approaches and methods, are successful in the market and successfully adapt to changes. Financial management in enterprises, organizations and banks through processes that enable effective management is an important and rather complex issue. It should be noted that in Ukraine, the improvement of financial management through the use of the latest technologies, such as, for example, digitalization, is not very active. At the same time, most enterprises in developed countries demonstrate examples of the implementation of various innovative financial management tools. These and other important questions need to be explored. In the scientific article, the analysis of information software, which is the most common in use, is carried out, their distinguishing characteristics are given, and the expediency of introducing innovative information technologies into the financial management system of domestic enterprises, organizations, financial and banking institutions to automate the planning and forecasting process is justified. The experience of 25 foreign industries that use information software was considered, and those that are most popular among foreign enterprises were determined. The authors considered the most prevailing in use foreign software, which can be used by domestic companies, provided the distinctive characteristics of such software and cited the examples of foreign companies that have already had experience in using the specified programs to automate the planning and forecasting process. The experience of 25 foreign industries was examined in this regard. There was created a comparison matrix between functions of the foreign software for automation of the processes of financial planning and forecasting: functions of the planning process, forecasting, reporting, and conducting analytics. Based on the results of the analysis, foreign software for automation of the planning and forecasting processes at enterprises was ranked according to four criteria: general rating, ease of use, quality of support, and ease of configuration. Special attention was paid to the most modern new generation business platform for financial planning and forecasting called Oracle Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) System, its modules were considered and advantages in practical use were determined. The list of the most popular information programs that can be used by domestic enterprises, organizations, and financial and banking institutions for effective financial management was given. These are BAS ERP, SAP ERP, “Galaxy ERP”, SyteLine, “Parus ERP”, Oracle E- business Suit, and Microsoft Dynamics
最新技术的发展和实施需要在企业、组织和银行的管理方面进行某些改变，以寻求在市场上具有竞争力。许多研究表明，灵活、快速地适应外部环境的变化，迅速改进管理，兼顾各种途径和方法的企业和组织，在市场上是成功的，并成功地适应了变化。在企业、组织和银行中，通过流程进行有效的财务管理是一个重要而相当复杂的问题。应该指出的是，在乌克兰，通过使用最新技术(例如数字化)来改善财务管理的工作并不十分积极。与此同时，发达国家的大多数企业都展示了各种创新财务管理工具的实施实例。这些和其他重要的问题需要探索。本文对目前最常用的信息软件进行了分析，给出了它们的特点，论证了将创新信息技术引入国内企事业单位、金融和银行机构的财务管理系统，实现规划和预测过程自动化的方便性。考察了国外25个行业使用信息软件的经验，确定了最受国外企业欢迎的行业。作者考虑了国内公司可以使用的最普遍使用的国外软件，提供了这些软件的独特特点，并列举了国外公司在使用指定程序实现规划和预测过程自动化方面已经有经验的例子。在这方面审查了25个外国工业的经验。在国外的财务计划和预测过程自动化软件的功能之间建立了一个比较矩阵:计划过程、预测、报告和进行分析的功能。根据分析结果，根据四个标准对企业规划和预测过程自动化的国外软件进行了排名:一般评级、易用性、支持质量和易于配置。特别关注了最现代的新一代财务规划和预测业务平台——Oracle企业绩效管理(EPM)系统，对其模块进行了考虑，并确定了其在实际使用中的优势。给出了国内企业、组织、金融和银行机构用于有效财务管理的最受欢迎的信息程序清单。它们是BAS ERP、SAP ERP、“Galaxy ERP”、SyteLine、“Parus ERP”、Oracle E- business Suit和Microsoft Dynamics AX。会议就利用信息技术对国内企业、组织、金融和银行机构进行有效的财务管理提出了结论和建议。
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Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-10
Oksana O. Karpenko, O. Palyvoda, Yuliia Belianska, Y. Osypova
The simultaneous development of the European integration processes and military actions in Ukraine requires the justification of innovative approaches to the organization of business processes of transport companies to ensure their competitiveness in difficult conditions. The article substantiates directions and methods of innovative reorganization of business processes of a transport enterprise, taking into account external factors and regional characteristics. The article uses the methods of regression modeling to determine the degree of influence of environmental factors on the activities of enterprises, as well as the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory regarding the feasibility of creating clusters. It was established that the most influential factors of the external environment are the industrial production index (1.818) and the innovation index (0.639). To ensure the effective functioning of transport enterprises under the influence of these external factors, the feasibility of reorganizing their business processes by forming clusters with a logistics outsourcing platform is proposed and substantiated. The article carried out a quantitative assessment of the regions of Ukraine and established that it is most expedient to form transport and logistics clusters in Dnipropetrovsk (specialization index – 1.131), Odesa (specialization index – 1.244) regions and the city of Kyiv (specialization index – 1.810). The article highlights the joint business processes of transport enterprises, on the basis of which it is most effective to design a logistics platform as an integrated system of interaction of participants in the logistics chain according to B2B, B2C, B2G schemes. Common business processes include such groups as informational, economic, technological, financial, marketing, intellectual, managerial, and innovative. The structural components of the logistics and outsourcing platform have been presented. They are logistics and outsourcing companies, information and analytical centers and functional services. The organizational and management mechanism of joint business processes of transport enterprises for the logistics platform has been developed.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEX OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION","authors":"Oksana O. Karpenko, O. Palyvoda, Yuliia Belianska, Y. Osypova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-10","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous development of the European integration processes and military actions in Ukraine requires the justification of innovative approaches to the organization of business processes of transport companies to ensure their competitiveness in difficult conditions. The article substantiates directions and methods of innovative reorganization of business processes of a transport enterprise, taking into account external factors and regional characteristics. The article uses the methods of regression modeling to determine the degree of influence of environmental factors on the activities of enterprises, as well as the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory regarding the feasibility of creating clusters. It was established that the most influential factors of the external environment are the industrial production index (1.818) and the innovation index (0.639). To ensure the effective functioning of transport enterprises under the influence of these external factors, the feasibility of reorganizing their business processes by forming clusters with a logistics outsourcing platform is proposed and substantiated. The article carried out a quantitative assessment of the regions of Ukraine and established that it is most expedient to form transport and logistics clusters in Dnipropetrovsk (specialization index – 1.131), Odesa (specialization index – 1.244) regions and the city of Kyiv (specialization index – 1.810). The article highlights the joint business processes of transport enterprises, on the basis of which it is most effective to design a logistics platform as an integrated system of interaction of participants in the logistics chain according to B2B, B2C, B2G schemes. Common business processes include such groups as informational, economic, technological, financial, marketing, intellectual, managerial, and innovative. The structural components of the logistics and outsourcing platform have been presented. They are logistics and outsourcing companies, information and analytical centers and functional services. The organizational and management mechanism of joint business processes of transport enterprises for the logistics platform has been developed.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84436403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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