Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-17
A. Filipenko, O. Bazhenova, Lina S. Polishchuk, Nataliya M. Rylach
The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern foreign economic strategic priorities of Ukraine, features of their implementation in the context of the key purposes of economic development of the country. Emphasis is placed on the need to use modern tools to support domestic producers and limit import expansion in the context of the formation of a new export strategy of Ukraine. Ukraine is a small open economy that makes extensive use of external factors of economic development both in the context of markets for its products, especially the agricultural sector, and attracting important resources of critical imports, including oil and natural gas, electronic equipment and more. From this point of view, the analysis has revealed the role and importance of two key players in the world market – the United States and China – in ensuring Ukraine’s external economic balance. The paper empirically examines the dependence of certain macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine on similar indicators of the United States and China (the so-called ‘large’ and systemically important economies for Ukraine). Vector autoregression models were used as a research tool to explore the dynamic interdependencies between macroeconomic indicators in the case of explaining their present values by the previous ones. For this purpose, percentage changes in gross domestic product and consumer price index compared to the corresponding period of the previous year for the USA, China and Ukraine were selected. As a result of the research, impulse-response functions from ‘large’ economies showed the dependence of indicators that characterise economic development in Ukraine from them and their long-term absorption, both in the context of economic growth in these countries and inflation imports from abroad. Moreover, it should be noted that the influence of China is more significant than that of the United States, especially if we consider the impact of fluctuations in the consumer price index in China on economic growth and inflation in Ukraine. This necessitates further research on this issue in line with the formation of scientifically sound foreign economic strategy and policy of Ukraine. The impact of economic growth in the United States and China on Ukraine’s GDP fluctuations is positive and almost the same (peaking in the second quarter and gradual levelling over two years). In turn, the variance decomposition of forecast errors for Ukraine’s GDP shows that in the long run about 52% of its variability result from modelled external factors, which in our opinion is due to significant openness of Ukraine’s economy and, consequently, ‘large’ economies. Finally, paper emphasizes the need to assess their international economic policy to minimize risks in the implementation of the country’s foreign economic strategy.
{"title":"FOREIGN ECONOMIC STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE","authors":"A. Filipenko, O. Bazhenova, Lina S. Polishchuk, Nataliya M. Rylach","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-17","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern foreign economic strategic priorities of Ukraine, features of their implementation in the context of the key purposes of economic development of the country. Emphasis is placed on the need to use modern tools to support domestic producers and limit import expansion in the context of the formation of a new export strategy of Ukraine. Ukraine is a small open economy that makes extensive use of external factors of economic development both in the context of markets for its products, especially the agricultural sector, and attracting important resources of critical imports, including oil and natural gas, electronic equipment and more. From this point of view, the analysis has revealed the role and importance of two key players in the world market – the United States and China – in ensuring Ukraine’s external economic balance. The paper empirically examines the dependence of certain macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine on similar indicators of the United States and China (the so-called ‘large’ and systemically important economies for Ukraine). Vector autoregression models were used as a research tool to explore the dynamic interdependencies between macroeconomic indicators in the case of explaining their present values by the previous ones. For this purpose, percentage changes in gross domestic product and consumer price index compared to the corresponding period of the previous year for the USA, China and Ukraine were selected. As a result of the research, impulse-response functions from ‘large’ economies showed the dependence of indicators that characterise economic development in Ukraine from them and their long-term absorption, both in the context of economic growth in these countries and inflation imports from abroad. Moreover, it should be noted that the influence of China is more significant than that of the United States, especially if we consider the impact of fluctuations in the consumer price index in China on economic growth and inflation in Ukraine. This necessitates further research on this issue in line with the formation of scientifically sound foreign economic strategy and policy of Ukraine. The impact of economic growth in the United States and China on Ukraine’s GDP fluctuations is positive and almost the same (peaking in the second quarter and gradual levelling over two years). In turn, the variance decomposition of forecast errors for Ukraine’s GDP shows that in the long run about 52% of its variability result from modelled external factors, which in our opinion is due to significant openness of Ukraine’s economy and, consequently, ‘large’ economies. Finally, paper emphasizes the need to assess their international economic policy to minimize risks in the implementation of the country’s foreign economic strategy.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-2
V. Osetskyi, V. Klymenko, G. Lozova, Yurii Umantsiv
The article analyzes the features and factors of the international market of transport and logistics services and new trends caused by the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine in terms of production and financial performance of its participants has been also studied. Moreover, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the process of forming a strategy for the competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in peacetime and in wartime. It is noted that in wartime a company should be aimed not so much at increasing market share, but at preserving its position. In this aspect, the end-to-end monitoring of the financial performance of a transport and logistics company plays an important role. The authors identify seven main stages of formation of a strategy of competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in wartime, which are analyzed in detail in the work. The paper also emphasizes that the main parameters determiming the competitiveness of transport and logistics services are complex parameters of quality, price and compliance of the product with certain standards. The analysis has identified key evaluation indicators for each of the above parameters. The conclusions of the authors are illustrated by the scheme of ensuring the competitiveness of the transport and logistics company. Thus, ensuring competitiveness is a complex mechanism of interaction of a transport and logistics company with other market subjects, the formation of competitive advantages and ensuring financial stability, differentiated by time, manifestation, structure and is the basis for determining the efficiency of a transport and logistics company and its real competitive position on the market. A promising area of research is the development of measures and tools to ensure the efficiency of transport and logistics companies by identifying and implementing their key competitive advantages in military conditions, the formation of alternative strategies for competitiveness.
{"title":"ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS AND FINANCIAL STABILITY OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS COMPANIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR","authors":"V. Osetskyi, V. Klymenko, G. Lozova, Yurii Umantsiv","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the features and factors of the international market of transport and logistics services and new trends caused by the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine in terms of production and financial performance of its participants has been also studied. Moreover, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the process of forming a strategy for the competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in peacetime and in wartime. It is noted that in wartime a company should be aimed not so much at increasing market share, but at preserving its position. In this aspect, the end-to-end monitoring of the financial performance of a transport and logistics company plays an important role. The authors identify seven main stages of formation of a strategy of competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in wartime, which are analyzed in detail in the work. The paper also emphasizes that the main parameters determiming the competitiveness of transport and logistics services are complex parameters of quality, price and compliance of the product with certain standards. The analysis has identified key evaluation indicators for each of the above parameters. The conclusions of the authors are illustrated by the scheme of ensuring the competitiveness of the transport and logistics company. Thus, ensuring competitiveness is a complex mechanism of interaction of a transport and logistics company with other market subjects, the formation of competitive advantages and ensuring financial stability, differentiated by time, manifestation, structure and is the basis for determining the efficiency of a transport and logistics company and its real competitive position on the market. A promising area of research is the development of measures and tools to ensure the efficiency of transport and logistics companies by identifying and implementing their key competitive advantages in military conditions, the formation of alternative strategies for competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87116935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-12
Volodymyr Momot, O. M. Lytvynenko
The article examines the effects of changes in the activity of domestic business during the war, as a result of the system of unfavorable factors. The authors analyze the possibilities of using different types of mathematical models to reproduce the dynamics of business activity at the level of a particular country, and selects the most successful one. A phenomenological model describing the dynamics of the process was proposed, which uses the business activity index as the main variable and is based on an ordinary heterogeneous second-order differential equation with a source term. Using a three-component production function, a transition to a system of differential equations describing the dynamics of various components of the business activity index was made, which, in the absence of a source term responsible for the impact of external stimulating factors, is conservative. The modeling results are compared with empirical data, which indicates a good ability of the model to reproduce real processes in the economy under the influence of powerful negative factors, including the restoration of business optimism caused by the return of territories in September-October 2022 and overcoming the consequences of attacks on energy infrastructure in November 2022-January 2023. It is shown that the involvement of other equations describing the dynamics of business activity in the system leads to a loss of conservatism. The frequency and phase-frequency analysis of the dynamics of Ukrainian business activity during the war allows us to conclude that business activity will recover fairly quickly after the cessation of negative depressing factors. Based on the descriptive data, the article clusters the negative factors that suppress domestic business during hostilities and compares them with the parameters that determine the ease of doing business, an internationally recognized indicator that allows assessing obstacles to business activity. Based on the research of recognized foreign experts, a retrospective analysis of obstacles to the development of Ukrainian business was conducted. An empirical study of a number of enterprises from the Dnipropetrovs’k region belonging to various business sectors was implemented, which proves that the main problems that emerged during the war are not much more severe than the problems that domestic business experienced before the aggression. The «classical» factors associated with hostilities are reduced to ensuring uninterrupted supply of electricity and preventing the outflow of human resources through conscription and forced migration. It is concluded that an interesting direction for further research on this problem is the use of the Granger model, which will allow for joint analysis of time series and take into account hidden relationships.
{"title":"MODELING CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN DOMESTIC BUSINESS IN TIMES OF WAR","authors":"Volodymyr Momot, O. M. Lytvynenko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the effects of changes in the activity of domestic business during the war, as a result of the system of unfavorable factors. The authors analyze the possibilities of using different types of mathematical models to reproduce the dynamics of business activity at the level of a particular country, and selects the most successful one. A phenomenological model describing the dynamics of the process was proposed, which uses the business activity index as the main variable and is based on an ordinary heterogeneous second-order differential equation with a source term. Using a three-component production function, a transition to a system of differential equations describing the dynamics of various components of the business activity index was made, which, in the absence of a source term responsible for the impact of external stimulating factors, is conservative. The modeling results are compared with empirical data, which indicates a good ability of the model to reproduce real processes in the economy under the influence of powerful negative factors, including the restoration of business optimism caused by the return of territories in September-October 2022 and overcoming the consequences of attacks on energy infrastructure in November 2022-January 2023. It is shown that the involvement of other equations describing the dynamics of business activity in the system leads to a loss of conservatism. The frequency and phase-frequency analysis of the dynamics of Ukrainian business activity during the war allows us to conclude that business activity will recover fairly quickly after the cessation of negative depressing factors. Based on the descriptive data, the article clusters the negative factors that suppress domestic business during hostilities and compares them with the parameters that determine the ease of doing business, an internationally recognized indicator that allows assessing obstacles to business activity. Based on the research of recognized foreign experts, a retrospective analysis of obstacles to the development of Ukrainian business was conducted. An empirical study of a number of enterprises from the Dnipropetrovs’k region belonging to various business sectors was implemented, which proves that the main problems that emerged during the war are not much more severe than the problems that domestic business experienced before the aggression. The «classical» factors associated with hostilities are reduced to ensuring uninterrupted supply of electricity and preventing the outflow of human resources through conscription and forced migration. It is concluded that an interesting direction for further research on this problem is the use of the Granger model, which will allow for joint analysis of time series and take into account hidden relationships.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87276624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-14
O. Kofanov, Oleksandr V. Zozulov, Sergii O. Solntsev, Kateryna V. Bazherina
Currently, the world is highly dependent on technological advancements and innovations (TAI) being the key driver of economic growth, competitiveness, and overall societal progress. And high-tech startups are at the forefront of TAI, developing new products and services that meet the growing needs of consumers. Over the past decades, the quantity and quality of startups have increased significantly, however, they are still known for high risks and low success rates, which often lead to financial losses for investors and startup founders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop a dynamic decision-making framework for evaluating the market potential and success rates of innovative startups throughout their lifecycle on the basis of a marketing research approach using R programming language to provide a unique solution for startup founders, investors, business incubators, startup accelerators, tech hubs, etc. As a result, a new methodology for evaluating the market potential and success rates of innovative startups was proposed based on T. L. Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. Taking into account the fact that AHP is based on expert opinions, it was proposed to divide experts into five groups – scientific specialists, investors representatives, manufacturers representatives, practicing startup entrepreneurs, business incubators & startup accelerators representatives. Each group of experts determined the degrees of preference between the proposed criteria and sub-criteria of each of the three components of startup attractiveness – market, marketing and investment attractiveness of the startup project. The decision-making framework was created and tested in the RStudio software environment based on the ‘ahp’ package and can be used by startup founders, investors, and other stakeholders on a regular basis as new information about their projects becomes available.
{"title":"DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE MARKET POTENTIAL AND SUCCESS OF INNOVATIVE STARTUPS ON THE BASIS OF A MARKETING RESEARCH APPROACH USING R","authors":"O. Kofanov, Oleksandr V. Zozulov, Sergii O. Solntsev, Kateryna V. Bazherina","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-14","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the world is highly dependent on technological advancements and innovations (TAI) being the key driver of economic growth, competitiveness, and overall societal progress. And high-tech startups are at the forefront of TAI, developing new products and services that meet the growing needs of consumers. Over the past decades, the quantity and quality of startups have increased significantly, however, they are still known for high risks and low success rates, which often lead to financial losses for investors and startup founders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop a dynamic decision-making framework for evaluating the market potential and success rates of innovative startups throughout their lifecycle on the basis of a marketing research approach using R programming language to provide a unique solution for startup founders, investors, business incubators, startup accelerators, tech hubs, etc. As a result, a new methodology for evaluating the market potential and success rates of innovative startups was proposed based on T. L. Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. Taking into account the fact that AHP is based on expert opinions, it was proposed to divide experts into five groups – scientific specialists, investors representatives, manufacturers representatives, practicing startup entrepreneurs, business incubators & startup accelerators representatives. Each group of experts determined the degrees of preference between the proposed criteria and sub-criteria of each of the three components of startup attractiveness – market, marketing and investment attractiveness of the startup project. The decision-making framework was created and tested in the RStudio software environment based on the ‘ahp’ package and can be used by startup founders, investors, and other stakeholders on a regular basis as new information about their projects becomes available.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87504173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-4
B. Pohrishchuk, V. Melnyk, N. Dobizha
The entrepreneurial sector is entrusted with a supporting role in saturating the market with goods and services, developing healthy competition, which puts the problem of forming entrepreneurial potential in a special place and shows the relevance of this issue in the research of modern science. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the organizational and economic foundations for the formation of entrepreneurial potential in the agrarian sphere. The objectives of the study include highlighting the aspects of structuring, effectiveness and existing dependencies in the development of the agrarian sector; the influence of socio-economic factors on the formation of entrepreneurial potential; substantiation of promising types of entrepreneurships in the agrarian sphere. Substantiation of the structural elements of the manifestation of the essence of the agrarian sphere, which influences the formation of entrepreneurial potential due to the effectiveness and existing dependencies in development, provided an opportunity to determine the promising directions of the development of the agrarian sphere. These include: the expansion of activities and production of new types of products, provision of various services, in particular financial, informational and advisory, as well as development of innovative entrepreneurship, oriented not only to the domestic sales market, but also to the global markets of agricultural products. The work focuses on the development of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas. The components of the development of the system of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas include: infrastructure development; generation of scientific knowledge and innovations; creation of a training system for innovative managers; motivation of labor in the agrarian sphere; investment support for innovative technological processes; use of the latest technologies; expansion of integration ties between subjects of economic relations. It has been proven that the implementation of organizational and economic measures for the development of various forms and types of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere will contribute to solving a number of problematic issues related to: increasing the level of employment and reducing migration processes; ensuring compliance with a high level of product quality and marketability; regulation and expansion of product sales directions; raising the level of awareness in financial and economic issues of entrepreneurship development by strengthening the scientific and educational environment; development of industrial and social infrastructure, as well as increasing the efficiency of their use.
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT","authors":"B. Pohrishchuk, V. Melnyk, N. Dobizha","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-4","url":null,"abstract":"The entrepreneurial sector is entrusted with a supporting role in saturating the market with goods and services, developing healthy competition, which puts the problem of forming entrepreneurial potential in a special place and shows the relevance of this issue in the research of modern science. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the organizational and economic foundations for the formation of entrepreneurial potential in the agrarian sphere. The objectives of the study include highlighting the aspects of structuring, effectiveness and existing dependencies in the development of the agrarian sector; the influence of socio-economic factors on the formation of entrepreneurial potential; substantiation of promising types of entrepreneurships in the agrarian sphere. Substantiation of the structural elements of the manifestation of the essence of the agrarian sphere, which influences the formation of entrepreneurial potential due to the effectiveness and existing dependencies in development, provided an opportunity to determine the promising directions of the development of the agrarian sphere. These include: the expansion of activities and production of new types of products, provision of various services, in particular financial, informational and advisory, as well as development of innovative entrepreneurship, oriented not only to the domestic sales market, but also to the global markets of agricultural products. The work focuses on the development of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas. The components of the development of the system of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas include: infrastructure development; generation of scientific knowledge and innovations; creation of a training system for innovative managers; motivation of labor in the agrarian sphere; investment support for innovative technological processes; use of the latest technologies; expansion of integration ties between subjects of economic relations. It has been proven that the implementation of organizational and economic measures for the development of various forms and types of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere will contribute to solving a number of problematic issues related to: increasing the level of employment and reducing migration processes; ensuring compliance with a high level of product quality and marketability; regulation and expansion of product sales directions; raising the level of awareness in financial and economic issues of entrepreneurship development by strengthening the scientific and educational environment; development of industrial and social infrastructure, as well as increasing the efficiency of their use.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76403853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-18
V. Korolkov, Olena Ye. Borysenko, O. Gubar
The article examines structural shifts in the labor resources and demography of the Russian Federation, its economic potential and sources of filling the GDP. It was determined that the Russian Federation has income from the export of oil and gas, which it uses for the development of dual technologies and the production of military products. It was established that the Russian Federation uses its military potential to conduct armed conflicts, seize and annex the territories of other countries, or create unrecognized territorial groups that cannot develop their own economy and actually become colonies of the Russian Federation, which dictates its laws and places its military contingent on their territories. Such a policy allows the Russian Federation to seize not only territories, but also enterprises and even include the population in its composition, thereby, improving its demography. Armed conflicts are accompanied by human losses, but according to Russian statistics, before the invasion of Ukraine, the losses were not significant, and the inclusion of the population of the annexed territories into the Russian Federation only improved demography. The article builds a model that allows forming the composition of the population by age groups based on information about the birth of the population and taking into account the features of growing up and natural mortality. Using this model, it is possible to calculate the population size by age groups both for the entire population and separately for men and women. With the help of this model, the composition of the population by age groups was constructed based on information on annual birth rate starting from 1946 and taking into account the mortality rate at each age. The paper compares data on the composition of the population by age groups as of January 1, 2022 and data obtained with the help of the model. The comparison revealed anomalies in the data on the demographic composition of the population obtained from the censuses conducted in 2002, 2010 and 2020. The first anomaly is manifested in the fact that the population aged 15 to 50 years, given by official statistics as of 01/01/2022, exceeds the number of births in the corresponding years. Population migration statistics do not confirm such a movement. It was found that this could be a systematic error in the organization of the census processes. The second anomaly is a significant decrease in the population in the age groups over 50 years, which significantly exceeds the natural mortality of the population. It was determined that this may be the result of population losses during armed conflicts of past periods. The third anomaly is based on the fact that having additional revenues from the sale of oil and gas, the Russian Federation directs them not to improving the welfare of its own people, but to the production of murder weapons, trades in military equipment and uses it to carry out its own policy of seizing territories, annexing them,
{"title":"LABOR RESOURCES AND ANOMALIES OF RUSSIAN DEMOGRAPHY AS A REFLECTION OF THE MILITARY AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"V. Korolkov, Olena Ye. Borysenko, O. Gubar","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines structural shifts in the labor resources and demography of the Russian Federation, its economic potential and sources of filling the GDP. It was determined that the Russian Federation has income from the export of oil and gas, which it uses for the development of dual technologies and the production of military products. It was established that the Russian Federation uses its military potential to conduct armed conflicts, seize and annex the territories of other countries, or create unrecognized territorial groups that cannot develop their own economy and actually become colonies of the Russian Federation, which dictates its laws and places its military contingent on their territories. Such a policy allows the Russian Federation to seize not only territories, but also enterprises and even include the population in its composition, thereby, improving its demography. Armed conflicts are accompanied by human losses, but according to Russian statistics, before the invasion of Ukraine, the losses were not significant, and the inclusion of the population of the annexed territories into the Russian Federation only improved demography. The article builds a model that allows forming the composition of the population by age groups based on information about the birth of the population and taking into account the features of growing up and natural mortality. Using this model, it is possible to calculate the population size by age groups both for the entire population and separately for men and women. With the help of this model, the composition of the population by age groups was constructed based on information on annual birth rate starting from 1946 and taking into account the mortality rate at each age. The paper compares data on the composition of the population by age groups as of January 1, 2022 and data obtained with the help of the model. The comparison revealed anomalies in the data on the demographic composition of the population obtained from the censuses conducted in 2002, 2010 and 2020. The first anomaly is manifested in the fact that the population aged 15 to 50 years, given by official statistics as of 01/01/2022, exceeds the number of births in the corresponding years. Population migration statistics do not confirm such a movement. It was found that this could be a systematic error in the organization of the census processes. The second anomaly is a significant decrease in the population in the age groups over 50 years, which significantly exceeds the natural mortality of the population. It was determined that this may be the result of population losses during armed conflicts of past periods. The third anomaly is based on the fact that having additional revenues from the sale of oil and gas, the Russian Federation directs them not to improving the welfare of its own people, but to the production of murder weapons, trades in military equipment and uses it to carry out its own policy of seizing territories, annexing them, ","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82630569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-13
О. Bochko, N. Kosar, N. Kuzo, N. Fihun
The development of the real estate market in Ukraine has a positive impact on the economy, contributes to the activation of the banking sector, investment and employment growth, and improvement of living conditions, which, in turn, alleviates social problems. The aim of the article is to study the components of the development of the real estate market in Ukraine. In the course of the work, various general scientific and special research methods were applied, including inductive and deductive methods used to analyze the construction output, GDP, and the consumer price index. With the help of economic analysis and comparison, an analysis of interest rates on deposits in hryvnia and foreign currency for 2005-2020 was carried out. The method of correlation-regression analysis was used to study the relationships between the main influencing factors and the resultant factor (the volume of Ukraine’s real estate market). The graphical method was used to visually represent the results of the study. The abstract-logical method was used for theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions. The authors analyzed the real estate market in Ukraine and revealed a trend of growth in its capacity in value terms during 2010-2019 and a decrease in 2020 compared to the previous year. To forecast the capacity of this market, it is important to identify the determinants that affect its development. A multiple regression linear econometric model was used to quantitatively assess the impact of different factors on the development of Ukraine’s real estate market. The construction output (residential buildings) in value terms was taken as a resultant factor. Consumer income, housing investment, and divorce rate were taken as factors influencing it. Based on research, it was found that from 2005 to 2020 consumer income increased by 3.6 times, and in 2020 by 6.1%. This is one of the indicators among the respondents, which had a positive trend over the past year. According to the results of research for 2019-2020, investments in housing construction, the number of divorces, and interest rates on mortgage loans in UAH for 2020 decreased by 39.9%, 13.2%, and 0.6 points respectively. Examining these indicators for 2005-2020, we can say that only the number of divorces decreased by 5%. All other indicators increased: interest rates on mortgage loans — by 18.2%, consumer incomes — by 35.5%, and the construction output (residential buildings) — by 4 times. Based on the coefficient of determination, F-test, and von Neumann criterion, it was established that the constructed multiple econometric models are adequate for the statistical data of the population and can be used for further analysis of the economic process. To study the influence of factors on the construction output, partial coefficients of elasticity were analyzed. Based on the performed calculations, it was found that the development of the real estate market in Ukraine is primarily influenced by an increase in consu
{"title":"REAL ESTATE MARKET IN UKRAINE: TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES","authors":"О. Bochko, N. Kosar, N. Kuzo, N. Fihun","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-13","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the real estate market in Ukraine has a positive impact on the economy, contributes to the activation of the banking sector, investment and employment growth, and improvement of living conditions, which, in turn, alleviates social problems. The aim of the article is to study the components of the development of the real estate market in Ukraine. In the course of the work, various general scientific and special research methods were applied, including inductive and deductive methods used to analyze the construction output, GDP, and the consumer price index. With the help of economic analysis and comparison, an analysis of interest rates on deposits in hryvnia and foreign currency for 2005-2020 was carried out. The method of correlation-regression analysis was used to study the relationships between the main influencing factors and the resultant factor (the volume of Ukraine’s real estate market). The graphical method was used to visually represent the results of the study. The abstract-logical method was used for theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions. The authors analyzed the real estate market in Ukraine and revealed a trend of growth in its capacity in value terms during 2010-2019 and a decrease in 2020 compared to the previous year. To forecast the capacity of this market, it is important to identify the determinants that affect its development. A multiple regression linear econometric model was used to quantitatively assess the impact of different factors on the development of Ukraine’s real estate market. The construction output (residential buildings) in value terms was taken as a resultant factor. Consumer income, housing investment, and divorce rate were taken as factors influencing it. Based on research, it was found that from 2005 to 2020 consumer income increased by 3.6 times, and in 2020 by 6.1%. This is one of the indicators among the respondents, which had a positive trend over the past year. According to the results of research for 2019-2020, investments in housing construction, the number of divorces, and interest rates on mortgage loans in UAH for 2020 decreased by 39.9%, 13.2%, and 0.6 points respectively. Examining these indicators for 2005-2020, we can say that only the number of divorces decreased by 5%. All other indicators increased: interest rates on mortgage loans — by 18.2%, consumer incomes — by 35.5%, and the construction output (residential buildings) — by 4 times. Based on the coefficient of determination, F-test, and von Neumann criterion, it was established that the constructed multiple econometric models are adequate for the statistical data of the population and can be used for further analysis of the economic process. To study the influence of factors on the construction output, partial coefficients of elasticity were analyzed. Based on the performed calculations, it was found that the development of the real estate market in Ukraine is primarily influenced by an increase in consu","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84267945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-8
R. Zhovnovach, Valentina Pavlova, K. Zhadko, I. Nikolaiev
The article is devoted to solving the problem of improving the efficiency of the adaptive management system of an agricultural enterprise on the basis of controlling. The necessity of introducing a management system aimed at ensuring a phased management of enterprise processes, taking into account the specifics of functioning with a high level of efficiency, flexibility and efficiency, has been substantiated. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the control system in industrialized countries has bee carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to highlight the main concepts of controlling in accordance with their orientation. The peculiarities of the organization of the controlling system at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of seasonal market fluctuations have beenare determined. Growing crops, unlike the production of products in other industries, has such a feature as seasonality. The seasonal nature of production of agricultural enterprises determines the parameters of the activities of industries that produce and maintain agricultural products, harvest, preserve, process and sell agricultural products. Seasonal fluctuations have a direct impact on the intensity of the use of financial, material and technical, labor, energy and other types of resources of agricultural enterprises in certain periods of time during the calendar year. Thus, they impede the effective planning of the financial and economic activities of agricultural enterprises. This requires the improvement of the management system of an agricultural enterprise based on controlling to balance financial flows between all links of the agroindustrial complex. A mathematical model describing time parameters has been presented. Within the framework of the presented model, controlling actions aimed at ensuring the basic conditions for the functioning of an agricultural enterprise and preventing the phenomenon of shortage of funds during the “low” market period have been proposed. The basis for the construction of the model is the structure and objective proportions that determine the ratio between monetary funds and flows of funds of the enterprise of certain periods of its production and sales activities in the short term. The model allows timely detection of problems and making appropriate corrections in management decisions in order to minimize the destabilizing influence of environmental factors and eliminate unwanted deviations. Controlling actions are formed in the form of reports for the purpose of further use in the process of implementing the developed business processes.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ON THE BASIS OF CONTROLLING","authors":"R. Zhovnovach, Valentina Pavlova, K. Zhadko, I. Nikolaiev","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to solving the problem of improving the efficiency of the adaptive management system of an agricultural enterprise on the basis of controlling. The necessity of introducing a management system aimed at ensuring a phased management of enterprise processes, taking into account the specifics of functioning with a high level of efficiency, flexibility and efficiency, has been substantiated. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the control system in industrialized countries has bee carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to highlight the main concepts of controlling in accordance with their orientation. The peculiarities of the organization of the controlling system at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of seasonal market fluctuations have beenare determined. Growing crops, unlike the production of products in other industries, has such a feature as seasonality. The seasonal nature of production of agricultural enterprises determines the parameters of the activities of industries that produce and maintain agricultural products, harvest, preserve, process and sell agricultural products. Seasonal fluctuations have a direct impact on the intensity of the use of financial, material and technical, labor, energy and other types of resources of agricultural enterprises in certain periods of time during the calendar year. Thus, they impede the effective planning of the financial and economic activities of agricultural enterprises. This requires the improvement of the management system of an agricultural enterprise based on controlling to balance financial flows between all links of the agroindustrial complex. A mathematical model describing time parameters has been presented. Within the framework of the presented model, controlling actions aimed at ensuring the basic conditions for the functioning of an agricultural enterprise and preventing the phenomenon of shortage of funds during the “low” market period have been proposed. The basis for the construction of the model is the structure and objective proportions that determine the ratio between monetary funds and flows of funds of the enterprise of certain periods of its production and sales activities in the short term. The model allows timely detection of problems and making appropriate corrections in management decisions in order to minimize the destabilizing influence of environmental factors and eliminate unwanted deviations. Controlling actions are formed in the form of reports for the purpose of further use in the process of implementing the developed business processes.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76848959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-14
V. Zanora, S. V. Momot, D. Bedrii, Liudmyla Fonar
The main research objective is to analyze behavioral styles of members of the enterprise development project team in conflict situations using the Thomas-Kilmann method and graphic techniques to show the importance and value of such analysis for preventive conflict management in business entities. The work has been performed in the following logical sequence: characteristics of behavior styles; survey of members of the project management team using the Thomas-Kilmann method; description of data using graphic techniques; context diagram of the process of analyzing the behavior styles of project team members in a conflict situation. According to the results of the survey of the project team members on the manifestations of a particular behavioral style in a conflict situation based on the Thomas-Kilmann method, diagrams and analysis (“petal” and “bubble”) have been presented. The diagrams allowed: to compare scores of the project team members demonstrating different behavioral styles in a conflict situation; to evaluate the ratio of project team members behavioral styles, identify the dominant style; with the help of visual aids to find out which group includes a particular behavioral style in terms of the level of its manifestation (weak, medium and strong. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of testing employees to determine the prevailing behavioral styles in a conflict situation for further consideration of data in the personnel management process. A matrix of project team members behavioral styles in a conflict situation and their characteristics in terms of cooperation and assertiveness have been presented. Radar charts, scatter plots and comparative histograms of the behavioral styles of the project team members in a conflict situation have been designed. The contextual diagram with the analysis of the behavioral styles of the project team members in a conflict situation has been given. This study has been conducted in the specific Ukrainian cultural and organizational context. The results of the research can be useful for Ukrainian industrial enterprises in order to achieve projects results for enterprise development.
{"title":"CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TEAMS","authors":"V. Zanora, S. V. Momot, D. Bedrii, Liudmyla Fonar","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-14","url":null,"abstract":"The main research objective is to analyze behavioral styles of members of the enterprise development project team in conflict situations using the Thomas-Kilmann method and graphic techniques to show the importance and value of such analysis for preventive conflict management in business entities. The work has been performed in the following logical sequence: characteristics of behavior styles; survey of members of the project management team using the Thomas-Kilmann method; description of data using graphic techniques; context diagram of the process of analyzing the behavior styles of project team members in a conflict situation. According to the results of the survey of the project team members on the manifestations of a particular behavioral style in a conflict situation based on the Thomas-Kilmann method, diagrams and analysis (“petal” and “bubble”) have been presented. The diagrams allowed: to compare scores of the project team members demonstrating different behavioral styles in a conflict situation; to evaluate the ratio of project team members behavioral styles, identify the dominant style; with the help of visual aids to find out which group includes a particular behavioral style in terms of the level of its manifestation (weak, medium and strong. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of testing employees to determine the prevailing behavioral styles in a conflict situation for further consideration of data in the personnel management process. A matrix of project team members behavioral styles in a conflict situation and their characteristics in terms of cooperation and assertiveness have been presented. Radar charts, scatter plots and comparative histograms of the behavioral styles of the project team members in a conflict situation have been designed. The contextual diagram with the analysis of the behavioral styles of the project team members in a conflict situation has been given. This study has been conducted in the specific Ukrainian cultural and organizational context. The results of the research can be useful for Ukrainian industrial enterprises in order to achieve projects results for enterprise development.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89590980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-9
D. Elrabay’a, V. Marchenko, V. Osetskyi
One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.
{"title":"DETERMINING THE COMPREHENSIVE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT AND THE VALUE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES","authors":"D. Elrabay’a, V. Marchenko, V. Osetskyi","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-9","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75218521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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