Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-10
Y. Petrunia, D. Maliar, V. Petrunia, Mariia Huba
The purpose of the conducted research is to develop indicators of the structure of the share capital of joint-stock companies and methods of their quantitative determination, as well as to explore the impact of the distribution of shares on the distribution of the management resource of the company among the owners of shares. In modern studies, much attention is paid to the issues of quite complex interaction of different groups of shareholders in the process of creating and running a relevant business. The article proves that the nature of these relationships, their effectiveness and features of corporate management of the enterprise are largely defined by the structure of shares distribution in the company. A group of indicators is proposed for characterizing the structure of shares distribution in a jointstock company: concentration, dispersion and differentiation of share capital. A methodology of their quantitative calculation has been developed. The indicator of share capital concentration shows the degree of concentration of share capital among the company’s participants, which makes it possible to accurately determine whether a particular joint-stock company belongs to a certain model of corporate governance. The indicator of share capital differentiation shows the extent to which packages of shares within a jointstock company differ in volume and, accordingly, in the management resources of their owners. The concept of collective and individual management resources in a joint-stock company has been introduced. The article reports a methodology for calculating the management resource of each package of shares, which allows to determine more accurately and quantitatively the available opportunities for managerial influence of their owners on the enterprise’s activity compared with the use of nominal indicators of the size of the share packages. It has been revealed that the deviation of the values of the shareholders’ management resources from the indicators of the relative sizes of their packages of shares occurs as a result of the differentiation of the share capital. The specified dependence is proportional – the higher the capital differentiation is, the more significantly the available management resource of shareholder deviates from the nominal value of his package of shares, and vice versa. The indicator of share capital dispersion characterizes the degree (depth) of the division of the statutory share capital into separate parts (packages of shares). It has been found that this indicator by itself does not affect the implementation of the management function, i.e. it is indifferent (insensitive) to the parameters of establishing the management control in the company.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SHARES DISTRIBUTION ON THE MANAGEMENT RESOURCES OF SHAREHOLDERS","authors":"Y. Petrunia, D. Maliar, V. Petrunia, Mariia Huba","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-10","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the conducted research is to develop indicators of the structure of the share capital of joint-stock companies and methods of their quantitative determination, as well as to explore the impact of the distribution of shares on the distribution of the management resource of the company among the owners of shares. In modern studies, much attention is paid to the issues of quite complex interaction of different groups of shareholders in the process of creating and running a relevant business. The article proves that the nature of these relationships, their effectiveness and features of corporate management of the enterprise are largely defined by the structure of shares distribution in the company. A group of indicators is proposed for characterizing the structure of shares distribution in a jointstock company: concentration, dispersion and differentiation of share capital. A methodology of their quantitative calculation has been developed. The indicator of share capital concentration shows the degree of concentration of share capital among the company’s participants, which makes it possible to accurately determine whether a particular joint-stock company belongs to a certain model of corporate governance. The indicator of share capital differentiation shows the extent to which packages of shares within a jointstock company differ in volume and, accordingly, in the management resources of their owners. The concept of collective and individual management resources in a joint-stock company has been introduced. The article reports a methodology for calculating the management resource of each package of shares, which allows to determine more accurately and quantitatively the available opportunities for managerial influence of their owners on the enterprise’s activity compared with the use of nominal indicators of the size of the share packages. It has been revealed that the deviation of the values of the shareholders’ management resources from the indicators of the relative sizes of their packages of shares occurs as a result of the differentiation of the share capital. The specified dependence is proportional – the higher the capital differentiation is, the more significantly the available management resource of shareholder deviates from the nominal value of his package of shares, and vice versa. The indicator of share capital dispersion characterizes the degree (depth) of the division of the statutory share capital into separate parts (packages of shares). It has been found that this indicator by itself does not affect the implementation of the management function, i.e. it is indifferent (insensitive) to the parameters of establishing the management control in the company.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74289300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-18
E. Lymonova, R. Kliuchnyk, I. Taranenko
The war in Ukraine may hinder the economic recovery of Europe. The Russian invasion has caused a large-scale humanitarian crisis - almost seven million Ukrainians have left the country. The conflict and related sanctions have disrupted the region’s exports of goods such as metals, food, oil and gas, pushing inflation to levels unseen for decades. Real economic growth in the European Union is expected to fall well below 3% in 2022, down from the 4% estimated by the European Commission before the war. Further trade disruptions or increased economic sanctions could plunge the European economy into recession. The slowdown in growth is particularly noticeable in the countries that are in close proximity to Ukraine, Poland and Hungary – countries that also host large numbers of Ukrainian refugees. Poland plays the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, with an estimated 3.5 million people who arrived in Poland between 24 February and midMay 2022. This is due not only to the geographical factor (shared border), but also to the long-standing tradition of labor migration between Ukraine and Poland. Despite this, the unprecedented flow of war refugees clearly raises questions about future events and problems related to the stay of Ukrainian citizens in Poland. In this article, we have estimated the possible future number of immigrants from Ukraine to other countries, and in particular to Poland, and pointed out the related problems. The presented scenarios indicate that regardless of the developments on the front line, it should be taken into account that the number of immigrants from Ukraine to Poland would be significantly higher in the coming months (or possibly years) than at the beginning of 2022, and this creates certain problems for public services and public institutions in Poland. Forecasting the future situation according to the pessimistic scenario predicts the continuation of the conflict with varying intensity over the next few years. This will mean that large parts of Ukraine will still be at risk for the next 18 months. This will lead to a constant flow of refugees as well as economic migrants to Poland. In addition, it is predicted that the ban on leaving Ukraine for men aged 18-60 will be significantly liberalized or even abolished. According to the pessimistic scenario, about 3.1 million Ukrainians will live in Poland in the medium term (economic migrants who arrived in Poland before the start of the war and refugees from the war). According to the optimistic scenario, a quick conclusion of peace is expected, which will stabilize the situation in the near term, and will bring relatively favorable conditions for Ukraine (territorial, reparations, the possibility of joining the EU, etc.) in the medium and long term. This could lead to a relatively large reduction (within 12 months after the signing of the peace agreement) in the number of women and children, a certain outflow of men (including those who
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION FROM UKRAINE ON EUROPEAN ECONOMIES DURING THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION","authors":"E. Lymonova, R. Kliuchnyk, I. Taranenko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-18","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine may hinder the economic recovery of Europe. The Russian invasion has caused a large-scale humanitarian crisis - almost seven million Ukrainians have left the country. The conflict and related sanctions have disrupted the region’s exports of goods such as metals, food, oil and gas, pushing inflation to levels unseen for decades. Real economic growth in the European Union is expected to fall well below 3% in 2022, down from the 4% estimated by the European Commission before the war. Further trade disruptions or increased economic sanctions could plunge the European economy into recession. The slowdown in growth is particularly noticeable in the countries that are in close proximity to Ukraine, Poland and Hungary – countries that also host large numbers of Ukrainian refugees. Poland plays the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, with an estimated 3.5 million people who arrived in Poland between 24 February and midMay 2022. This is due not only to the geographical factor (shared border), but also to the long-standing tradition of labor migration between Ukraine and Poland. Despite this, the unprecedented flow of war refugees clearly raises questions about future events and problems related to the stay of Ukrainian citizens in Poland. In this article, we have estimated the possible future number of immigrants from Ukraine to other countries, and in particular to Poland, and pointed out the related problems. The presented scenarios indicate that regardless of the developments on the front line, it should be taken into account that the number of immigrants from Ukraine to Poland would be significantly higher in the coming months (or possibly years) than at the beginning of 2022, and this creates certain problems for public services and public institutions in Poland. Forecasting the future situation according to the pessimistic scenario predicts the continuation of the conflict with varying intensity over the next few years. This will mean that large parts of Ukraine will still be at risk for the next 18 months. This will lead to a constant flow of refugees as well as economic migrants to Poland. In addition, it is predicted that the ban on leaving Ukraine for men aged 18-60 will be significantly liberalized or even abolished. According to the pessimistic scenario, about 3.1 million Ukrainians will live in Poland in the medium term (economic migrants who arrived in Poland before the start of the war and refugees from the war). According to the optimistic scenario, a quick conclusion of peace is expected, which will stabilize the situation in the near term, and will bring relatively favorable conditions for Ukraine (territorial, reparations, the possibility of joining the EU, etc.) in the medium and long term. This could lead to a relatively large reduction (within 12 months after the signing of the peace agreement) in the number of women and children, a certain outflow of men (including those who","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83030922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-17
O. Shnyrkov, R. Zablotska, O. Chugaiev
The article examines the issue of economic assistance from EU member states to Ukraine to overcome the negative consequences of the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine. In the economic literature, the issue of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine is focused mainly on the analysis of sanctions and other measures aimed at increasing pressure on the Russian economy and reducing its potential for military aggression. Less attention in the literature has been paid to the supportive measures for countries that have suffered from external military aggression. Therefore, the analysis of systematic data on the economic aid of the EU countries to Ukraine will provide an opportunity to identify factors of the economic aid from the Western countries, namely the EU and its sectoral distribution. The article proves that the issue of maintaining macroeconomic stability becomes fundamentally important for Ukraine on the back of an increase of its military expenditures, a substantial decrease in budget revenues, the need to maintain a certain level of social expenditures, a significant decrease in export potential and a partial Russian infrastructure blockade. That is why the EU’s financial support for Ukraine looks more important than ever. The article proposes economic-mathematical models based on the regression-correlation method for determining the determinants of EU economic aid to Ukraine. The results of the analysis show that total aid to Ukraine is significantly correlated with the donor country’s trade relations with Ukraine, the presence of a common border with the Russian Federation, and is inversely proportional to the size of the donor country’s economy. Countries with a larger share of migrants from Ukraine are the largest providers of financial aid to Ukraine. Humanitarian aid significantly correlates only with imports to Ukraine. Military aid depends on the size of the donor’s economy and the presence of a common border with the Russian Federation. No evidence was found of the influence of the following indicators on aid to Ukraine: direct investment in Ukraine, distance from Ukraine, total development aid to the countries of the world. The research allows to conclude that among the EU member states the main donors during the Russian-Ukrainian war were Germany, Poland and France and in relative terms – the Baltic states and Poland. The future development of the Ukrainian economy and foreign trade in general and in particular with EU member states will largely depend on the restoration of the country’s destroyed export structure and access to the seas.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC AID OF EU MEMBER COUNTRIES TO UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR","authors":"O. Shnyrkov, R. Zablotska, O. Chugaiev","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the issue of economic assistance from EU member states to Ukraine to overcome the negative consequences of the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine. In the economic literature, the issue of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine is focused mainly on the analysis of sanctions and other measures aimed at increasing pressure on the Russian economy and reducing its potential for military aggression. Less attention in the literature has been paid to the supportive measures for countries that have suffered from external military aggression. Therefore, the analysis of systematic data on the economic aid of the EU countries to Ukraine will provide an opportunity to identify factors of the economic aid from the Western countries, namely the EU and its sectoral distribution. The article proves that the issue of maintaining macroeconomic stability becomes fundamentally important for Ukraine on the back of an increase of its military expenditures, a substantial decrease in budget revenues, the need to maintain a certain level of social expenditures, a significant decrease in export potential and a partial Russian infrastructure blockade. That is why the EU’s financial support for Ukraine looks more important than ever. The article proposes economic-mathematical models based on the regression-correlation method for determining the determinants of EU economic aid to Ukraine. The results of the analysis show that total aid to Ukraine is significantly correlated with the donor country’s trade relations with Ukraine, the presence of a common border with the Russian Federation, and is inversely proportional to the size of the donor country’s economy. Countries with a larger share of migrants from Ukraine are the largest providers of financial aid to Ukraine. Humanitarian aid significantly correlates only with imports to Ukraine. Military aid depends on the size of the donor’s economy and the presence of a common border with the Russian Federation. No evidence was found of the influence of the following indicators on aid to Ukraine: direct investment in Ukraine, distance from Ukraine, total development aid to the countries of the world. The research allows to conclude that among the EU member states the main donors during the Russian-Ukrainian war were Germany, Poland and France and in relative terms – the Baltic states and Poland. The future development of the Ukrainian economy and foreign trade in general and in particular with EU member states will largely depend on the restoration of the country’s destroyed export structure and access to the seas.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76717545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-4
Maram Saleh Miralam, M. Alsuraihi
This century has witnessed the greatest development of information technology. Accordingly, the factor of the developments in the field of knowledge has become more influential in life. Therefore, institutions must obtain the most important elements of success, catch up with the latest changes, and maintain their ability to compete and persist in the market in the age of information technology. The massive accumulation of data and information and the emergence of the so-called big data (BD), have led to an urgent need to manage knowledge and the ability to invest in it. On this basis, arose the need to conduct this research that deals with the role of knowledge management (KM) in decision-making for institutions. This research aims at shedding light on the role of KM in BD investment in the Ministry of education in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the descriptive analytical method was used, which depends on the evaluation of many works and research papers, during the period from 2014 to 2022. After evaluating many studies, the study concluded that it is necessary first, to publish more Arabic future studies concerned with the role of KM, its technologies and types. Second, to find appropriate solutions and stand against the challenges faced by the Ministry, and finally to find a model that shows the role of KM in BD investment in the Ministry of Education to make the process of taking the right decisions easier and at the right time, and achieve sustainable development
{"title":"ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN BIG DATA INVESTMENT","authors":"Maram Saleh Miralam, M. Alsuraihi","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-4","url":null,"abstract":"This century has witnessed the greatest development of information technology. Accordingly, the factor of the developments in the field of knowledge has become more influential in life. Therefore, institutions must obtain the most important elements of success, catch up with the latest changes, and maintain their ability to compete and persist in the market in the age of information technology. The massive accumulation of data and information and the emergence of the so-called big data (BD), have led to an urgent need to manage knowledge and the ability to invest in it. On this basis, arose the need to conduct this research that deals with the role of knowledge management (KM) in decision-making for institutions. This research aims at shedding light on the role of KM in BD investment in the Ministry of education in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the descriptive analytical method was used, which depends on the evaluation of many works and research papers, during the period from 2014 to 2022. After evaluating many studies, the study concluded that it is necessary first, to publish more Arabic future studies concerned with the role of KM, its technologies and types. Second, to find appropriate solutions and stand against the challenges faced by the Ministry, and finally to find a model that shows the role of KM in BD investment in the Ministry of Education to make the process of taking the right decisions easier and at the right time, and achieve sustainable development","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85910812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-12
Olena Plaksiuk, V. Horváthová, O. Yakushev
The article is aimed at studying human capital in order to create a model for assessing human capital to achieve higher enterprise efficiency and enhance its competitiveness in the market. The results of scientific and thematic studies on the concept, elements and methods of evaluating human capital have been determined and summarized. It has been determined that the approaches of individual authors, companies and analytical institutions are different, and there is a frequent use of simpler indicators that can be calculated based on the financial statements of companies. In particular, Armstrong notes that there is a difference in how human resource management is theoretically described and how it is applied in practice. The mere replacement of the term “personnel management” with the term “human resource management” does not mean that managers actually apply the main components of the philosophy of human resource management in their approach. From the definition of human capital, it follows that its components are knowledge, experience, skills, talent, competencies, etc. These components simultaneously become the main object of effective management in companies and give names to specific types of management, such as knowledge management, talent management, competent management, anti-crisis management, generation management, etc. The resulting model inherently covers separate blocks for assessing human capital efficiency at two levels, summarizing the theoretical starting points. This is the procedural side of evaluating the effectiveness of the LK itself, which is the central part of the complex approach of the MLK, taking into account its specifics, based on their identification, definition and comparison of opinions about this concept described in the professional literature and other sources. It has been proven that the components of human capital are the main objects of effective management in companies that change the strategic vector aimed at achieving the maximum possible profit, towards creating company value, using non-financial categories. The close relationship between the competitiveness of an enterprise with the use of unique human capital resources has substantiated. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of human capital is proposed in order to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market, taking into account external and internal influencing factors. It has been established that the implementation of measures to assess the effectiveness of human capital can lead to the following effects: a decrease in undesirable turnover of personnel with a high level of human capital, in the development of which funds have already been invested; support of labor motivation of employees through a fairly established remuneration; exchange of knowledge and experience directly related to labor activity, which is a potential opportunity for the stable development of the human capital of the enterprise; improving the image of the ent
{"title":"HUMAN CAPITAL AS A FACTOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF AN ENTERPRISE","authors":"Olena Plaksiuk, V. Horváthová, O. Yakushev","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed at studying human capital in order to create a model for assessing human capital to achieve higher enterprise efficiency and enhance its competitiveness in the market. The results of scientific and thematic studies on the concept, elements and methods of evaluating human capital have been determined and summarized. It has been determined that the approaches of individual authors, companies and analytical institutions are different, and there is a frequent use of simpler indicators that can be calculated based on the financial statements of companies. In particular, Armstrong notes that there is a difference in how human resource management is theoretically described and how it is applied in practice. The mere replacement of the term “personnel management” with the term “human resource management” does not mean that managers actually apply the main components of the philosophy of human resource management in their approach. From the definition of human capital, it follows that its components are knowledge, experience, skills, talent, competencies, etc. These components simultaneously become the main object of effective management in companies and give names to specific types of management, such as knowledge management, talent management, competent management, anti-crisis management, generation management, etc. The resulting model inherently covers separate blocks for assessing human capital efficiency at two levels, summarizing the theoretical starting points. This is the procedural side of evaluating the effectiveness of the LK itself, which is the central part of the complex approach of the MLK, taking into account its specifics, based on their identification, definition and comparison of opinions about this concept described in the professional literature and other sources. It has been proven that the components of human capital are the main objects of effective management in companies that change the strategic vector aimed at achieving the maximum possible profit, towards creating company value, using non-financial categories. The close relationship between the competitiveness of an enterprise with the use of unique human capital resources has substantiated. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of human capital is proposed in order to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market, taking into account external and internal influencing factors. It has been established that the implementation of measures to assess the effectiveness of human capital can lead to the following effects: a decrease in undesirable turnover of personnel with a high level of human capital, in the development of which funds have already been invested; support of labor motivation of employees through a fairly established remuneration; exchange of knowledge and experience directly related to labor activity, which is a potential opportunity for the stable development of the human capital of the enterprise; improving the image of the ent","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84869080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-7
I. Shkura, S. Fedulova
Russian war against Ukraine turns to challenge for the whole world. The full scope of consequences is difficult to assess now, but some of them have been already clear. As a result, the world economy is under exposures of inflation, disruptions on GDP growth, food and energy crises and further supply-chain pressures. Energy prices volatility adds uncertainty to the whole system of socio-economic relations. Energy turns to weapon against the world stability. The paper concentrates on the idea that current situation in the energy sector calls for a prompt reaction on challenges, including war consequences. That, in turn, requires sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) and financial innovations for immediately energy transformation, which is an essential element for sustainable competitiveness of countries. It is also crucial not to lose a track for net zero emissions by 2050. Such investment which combines financial goals with ecological, social and governance issues are covered by umbrella term “sustainable investment”. Sustainable investment became a strong trend on global financial market, which is popular with institutional and private investors. Investment in renewable energy is a part of SRI and countries’ sustainable competitiveness depends on the SRI volumes. The research is aimed at studying interconnection between SRI and energy transformation on the way to sustainable competitiveness. The processes on the global energy market are investigated and main weak points which are sources of risks for the world economy are defined. Three significant energy-related weak points turned into risks for the world are highlighted: the level of dependency from imported gas (for European countries dependency from Russian gas in particular); energy prices volatility; energy structure (nonrenewable vs renewable). It is generalized governmental approaches in the sphere of energy transformation driven by a combination of energy security concerns and climate ambitions. The paper contains an assumption about correlation between SRI and countries’ sustainable competitiveness. This hypothesis is confirmed using correlation analysis (biserial correlation) for five countries (Germany, the USA, Canada, Australia and Japan). Strong relationship between these variables is shown. This allows to make conclusions that increasing of SRI volumes in general and clean energy projects in particular, are predominant conditions for the sustainable competitiveness of country, which is oriented to the long-term prospective and based on effective usage of all available sources, including energy, fast transformation of energy systems to the renewable sources.
{"title":"SRI AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ON THE WAY TO SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS","authors":"I. Shkura, S. Fedulova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-7","url":null,"abstract":"Russian war against Ukraine turns to challenge for the whole world. The full scope of consequences is difficult to assess now, but some of them have been already clear. As a result, the world economy is under exposures of inflation, disruptions on GDP growth, food and energy crises and further supply-chain pressures. Energy prices volatility adds uncertainty to the whole system of socio-economic relations. Energy turns to weapon against the world stability. The paper concentrates on the idea that current situation in the energy sector calls for a prompt reaction on challenges, including war consequences. That, in turn, requires sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) and financial innovations for immediately energy transformation, which is an essential element for sustainable competitiveness of countries. It is also crucial not to lose a track for net zero emissions by 2050. Such investment which combines financial goals with ecological, social and governance issues are covered by umbrella term “sustainable investment”. Sustainable investment became a strong trend on global financial market, which is popular with institutional and private investors. Investment in renewable energy is a part of SRI and countries’ sustainable competitiveness depends on the SRI volumes. The research is aimed at studying interconnection between SRI and energy transformation on the way to sustainable competitiveness. The processes on the global energy market are investigated and main weak points which are sources of risks for the world economy are defined. Three significant energy-related weak points turned into risks for the world are highlighted: the level of dependency from imported gas (for European countries dependency from Russian gas in particular); energy prices volatility; energy structure (nonrenewable vs renewable). It is generalized governmental approaches in the sphere of energy transformation driven by a combination of energy security concerns and climate ambitions. The paper contains an assumption about correlation between SRI and countries’ sustainable competitiveness. This hypothesis is confirmed using correlation analysis (biserial correlation) for five countries (Germany, the USA, Canada, Australia and Japan). Strong relationship between these variables is shown. This allows to make conclusions that increasing of SRI volumes in general and clean energy projects in particular, are predominant conditions for the sustainable competitiveness of country, which is oriented to the long-term prospective and based on effective usage of all available sources, including energy, fast transformation of energy systems to the renewable sources.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88391970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-11
I. Levytska, A. Klymchuk, S. Kozhushko
The issues of motivation, satisfaction and engagement of employees of the hospitality industry are central to management in the specified area, since business performance in the hospitality industry is characterized by a high level of dependence on the available human capital and, in particular, its personal qualities, skills, professionalism and administrative abilities. That is why it is vitally important for any business entity in the specified field to ensure effective personnel management and the formation of effective systems for its stimulation. The factor of remuneration of the personnel of the hospitality industry is in the field of view of both domestic and foreign scientists, which proves the universality of the specified problem for the global economic sector. However, with all the activity of researchers of the systems and factors of labor motivation in the hospitality industry, little attention is currently paid to the issue of the level of remuneration in the industry, especially in the domestic scientific field. Instead, it is the level of remuneration in the industry as a whole that is not only a motivational factor for certain individuals, but also a significant incentive for its general development, building up personnel potential, reducing the turnover rate, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the pay level in the field of hotel and restaurant business as a factor of staff motivation. Methods. The study analyses the pay level of personnel in the hospitality industry, following the data of the official statistics, according to the criteria of gender and profession. Systematization methods are used to select the key indicators in accordance with the selected criteria, the statistical frequency calculation method is applied to develop the distribution series of the studied indicators, as well as the methods of structural analysis and analytical study of data are implemented to process the materials of the domestic job search portal. The results. The article offers a critical review of the research on the pay level in the hotel and restaurant business as a motivational factor for productive work. The study presents a comparative and analytical assessment of the indicators of remuneration of the hospitality industry in relation to other spheres of economic activity. It suggests the constructed interval series of the distribution of the wage index of the employees of the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine according to the criteria of gender and professional group. The paper provides a structural analysis of employment in the hospitality industry according to the criteria of gender and formal employment. The findings of the research identify the vacancy market of the hospitality industry of Ukraine during the full-scale war and the key problems with wages in the industry.
{"title":"THE PROBLEMS WITH THE PAY LEVEL AS A FACTOR OF STAFF MOTIVATION IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE","authors":"I. Levytska, A. Klymchuk, S. Kozhushko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-11","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of motivation, satisfaction and engagement of employees of the hospitality industry are central to management in the specified area, since business performance in the hospitality industry is characterized by a high level of dependence on the available human capital and, in particular, its personal qualities, skills, professionalism and administrative abilities. That is why it is vitally important for any business entity in the specified field to ensure effective personnel management and the formation of effective systems for its stimulation. The factor of remuneration of the personnel of the hospitality industry is in the field of view of both domestic and foreign scientists, which proves the universality of the specified problem for the global economic sector. However, with all the activity of researchers of the systems and factors of labor motivation in the hospitality industry, little attention is currently paid to the issue of the level of remuneration in the industry, especially in the domestic scientific field. Instead, it is the level of remuneration in the industry as a whole that is not only a motivational factor for certain individuals, but also a significant incentive for its general development, building up personnel potential, reducing the turnover rate, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the pay level in the field of hotel and restaurant business as a factor of staff motivation. Methods. The study analyses the pay level of personnel in the hospitality industry, following the data of the official statistics, according to the criteria of gender and profession. Systematization methods are used to select the key indicators in accordance with the selected criteria, the statistical frequency calculation method is applied to develop the distribution series of the studied indicators, as well as the methods of structural analysis and analytical study of data are implemented to process the materials of the domestic job search portal. The results. The article offers a critical review of the research on the pay level in the hotel and restaurant business as a motivational factor for productive work. The study presents a comparative and analytical assessment of the indicators of remuneration of the hospitality industry in relation to other spheres of economic activity. It suggests the constructed interval series of the distribution of the wage index of the employees of the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine according to the criteria of gender and professional group. The paper provides a structural analysis of employment in the hospitality industry according to the criteria of gender and formal employment. The findings of the research identify the vacancy market of the hospitality industry of Ukraine during the full-scale war and the key problems with wages in the industry.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82745248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-6
E. Zeynalli
Insurance, as one of the main methods of distributing various risks that arise in an open market economy, is itself subject to certain risks. Its consistency, financial stability, as well as the sufficiency of financial results for the recovery of activities in the future are critical not only for insurance companies, but also for the regulatory body of financial bases and reinsurance subjects. It is important to ensure financial stability and confidence in financial markets, especially for countries with transition economies that have transformed from a closed economy to an open one. The article includes the analysis of the insurance organizations of Azerbaijan. Based on a systematic approach, analysis, synthesis, graphical and statistical methods, the main indicators of the insurance market and insurance organizations for the last time have been studied. The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of insurance relations in Azerbaijan, analyzes the stages of insurance development, assesses the impact of state decisions on the regulation of insurance organizations on their financial condition. The author has examined the dynamics of insurance premiums and insurance payouts in Azerbaijan over the past 11 years, the number of insurance organizations as the main participants in the insurance market, the number of concluded insurance contracts as the main indicator of the formation of insurance culture, and the prospects for the development of the insurance market. The main purpose of conducting financial analysis in the insurance sector is to maintain trust in the financial markets, assess the reliability of the insurer and comply with public interests. The second part of the article examines the peculiarities of this process, methods of analysis, financial indicators used in planning and analysis of the process. In the third part of the article, the main financial indicators of the life insurance companies operating in Azerbaijan for the last three years have been analyzed based on the financial statements, as well as financial indicators intended for use in the research process. Based on the analysis results, the recommendations have been given regarding directions for the development of the insurance market in Azerbaijan, improvement of financial reporting in insurance organizations, improvement of financial inclusion and strengthening of the stability of insurance companies’ activities.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY IN FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF INSURANCE ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"E. Zeynalli","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-6","url":null,"abstract":"Insurance, as one of the main methods of distributing various risks that arise in an open market economy, is itself subject to certain risks. Its consistency, financial stability, as well as the sufficiency of financial results for the recovery of activities in the future are critical not only for insurance companies, but also for the regulatory body of financial bases and reinsurance subjects. It is important to ensure financial stability and confidence in financial markets, especially for countries with transition economies that have transformed from a closed economy to an open one. The article includes the analysis of the insurance organizations of Azerbaijan. Based on a systematic approach, analysis, synthesis, graphical and statistical methods, the main indicators of the insurance market and insurance organizations for the last time have been studied. The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of insurance relations in Azerbaijan, analyzes the stages of insurance development, assesses the impact of state decisions on the regulation of insurance organizations on their financial condition. The author has examined the dynamics of insurance premiums and insurance payouts in Azerbaijan over the past 11 years, the number of insurance organizations as the main participants in the insurance market, the number of concluded insurance contracts as the main indicator of the formation of insurance culture, and the prospects for the development of the insurance market. The main purpose of conducting financial analysis in the insurance sector is to maintain trust in the financial markets, assess the reliability of the insurer and comply with public interests. The second part of the article examines the peculiarities of this process, methods of analysis, financial indicators used in planning and analysis of the process. In the third part of the article, the main financial indicators of the life insurance companies operating in Azerbaijan for the last three years have been analyzed based on the financial statements, as well as financial indicators intended for use in the research process. Based on the analysis results, the recommendations have been given regarding directions for the development of the insurance market in Azerbaijan, improvement of financial reporting in insurance organizations, improvement of financial inclusion and strengthening of the stability of insurance companies’ activities.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-1
A. Filipenko
The article addresses logical approaches to explaining the economic world. The introductory part reveals the general prerequisites for the logical analysis of large systems. The rest of the study is devoted to the logical structure of economic worlds: at micro-, macro- and mega-levels. The logical dimensions of the economic world are based mainly on deterministic logic, grounded in Antiquity, Modern era and institutional logic of the late XIX and XX centuries. The dynamics and structure of the micro level (enterprise, firm, MNE) is explained by the institutional logic based on the American school (R. Coase, O. Williamson, etc.). Institutional logic in a broad sense includes values, norms, customs that people use in their daily activities on the scale of a certain space and time. Economic institutions have a long history, accompanying socio-economic development from the Neolithic era to the modern one. Their logic was shaped by the level of social, economic, technological, cultural development of various human communities of the ecumene. The macro-level of economics, on the one hand, is defined by deterministic (Laplace’s) logic. Its essence is to take into account the whole set of possible factors (economic and non-economic ones) that affect the course of economic dynamics. Individual needs, preferences, productive capacity, interaction of individuals create the layout of neoclassical model of economy. Keynesian deterministic logic is structural in nature, when the behaviour of individuals is determined by the general state of the economy as a whole. The logic of Marxist economic analysis, also known as overdeterminism, is derived from dialectics. On the other hand, the works of T. Veblen, the old American school of institutionalism and modern representatives (D. North, R. Nelson, J. Winter) are of paramount importance. The tools of logical analysis of the mega-level are mostly reflected in the works of G. Leibniz, I. Kant, R. Carnap and in modern institutional logic. The logic of globalisation, its historical phases can be traced according to different types of globalisation in four spatio-temporal dimensions: extensiveness, intensity, velocity and reciprocity and three deterministic logics: technical (technological), economic and political.
这篇文章阐述了解释经济世界的逻辑方法。引言部分揭示了对大系统进行逻辑分析的一般先决条件。研究的其余部分致力于经济世界的逻辑结构:在微观、宏观和宏观层面。经济世界的逻辑维度主要以确定性逻辑为基础，以古代、现代和19世纪末和20世纪的制度逻辑为基础。微观层面(企业、公司、跨国公司)的动态和结构由基于美国学派(R. Coase、O. Williamson等)的制度逻辑来解释。广义的制度逻辑包括在一定时空尺度上，人们在日常活动中所使用的价值观、规范、习俗等。经济制度源远流长，伴随着新石器时代到现代社会经济的发展。他们的逻辑是由不同人类团体的社会、经济、技术、文化发展水平所形成的。一方面，经济学的宏观层面是由确定性(拉普拉斯)逻辑定义的。它的本质是考虑影响经济动态过程的所有可能因素(经济因素和非经济因素)。个体的需求、偏好、生产能力、个体之间的相互作用创造了新古典经济模型的布局。凯恩斯决定论逻辑本质上是结构性的，即个人的行为是由整体经济的总体状况决定的。马克思主义经济分析的逻辑，又称过度决定论，来源于辩证法。另一方面，美国制度主义老学派和现代代表(D. North, R. Nelson, J. Winter)的T. Veblen的著作是至关重要的。大层次逻辑分析的工具主要体现在莱布尼茨、康德、卡尔纳普等人的著作和现代制度逻辑中。全球化的逻辑，其历史阶段可以根据不同类型的全球化在四个时空维度:广泛性，强度，速度和互惠和三个确定性逻辑:技术(技术)，经济和政治。
{"title":"LOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC WORLD","authors":"A. Filipenko","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses logical approaches to explaining the economic world. The introductory part reveals the general prerequisites for the logical analysis of large systems. The rest of the study is devoted to the logical structure of economic worlds: at micro-, macro- and mega-levels. The logical dimensions of the economic world are based mainly on deterministic logic, grounded in Antiquity, Modern era and institutional logic of the late XIX and XX centuries. The dynamics and structure of the micro level (enterprise, firm, MNE) is explained by the institutional logic based on the American school (R. Coase, O. Williamson, etc.). Institutional logic in a broad sense includes values, norms, customs that people use in their daily activities on the scale of a certain space and time. Economic institutions have a long history, accompanying socio-economic development from the Neolithic era to the modern one. Their logic was shaped by the level of social, economic, technological, cultural development of various human communities of the ecumene. The macro-level of economics, on the one hand, is defined by deterministic (Laplace’s) logic. Its essence is to take into account the whole set of possible factors (economic and non-economic ones) that affect the course of economic dynamics. Individual needs, preferences, productive capacity, interaction of individuals create the layout of neoclassical model of economy. Keynesian deterministic logic is structural in nature, when the behaviour of individuals is determined by the general state of the economy as a whole. The logic of Marxist economic analysis, also known as overdeterminism, is derived from dialectics. On the other hand, the works of T. Veblen, the old American school of institutionalism and modern representatives (D. North, R. Nelson, J. Winter) are of paramount importance. The tools of logical analysis of the mega-level are mostly reflected in the works of G. Leibniz, I. Kant, R. Carnap and in modern institutional logic. The logic of globalisation, its historical phases can be traced according to different types of globalisation in four spatio-temporal dimensions: extensiveness, intensity, velocity and reciprocity and three deterministic logics: technical (technological), economic and political.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88430177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-19
O. Zadoia, Phan Minh Duc
The article raises the question of whether the openness of an individual country’s economy corresponds to the level of its economic development. Retrospective analysis indicates the existence of a long-term close interdependence of the growth of international trade and world GDP with an accelerated increase in the share of exports. But in recent years, this share, having reached its maximum in 2008, has demonstrated an amplitude fluctuation with a range of 30%. Therefore, a hypothesis has been put forward regarding the existence of a probable limit of exportled growth and economic development at the expense of increasing the level of openness of the national economy. In the study, the authors conduct an analysis of the models of economic openness used in a number of European countries, compare them with the Ukrainian model, and put forward proposals regarding the principles of building a post-war foreign economic model of Ukraine. In the process of research, the authors have designed a system of absolute and relative indicators of economic openness and determined a number of factors affecting the degree of economic openness. The concepts of financial openness and foreign trade openness have been specified. It has been proved that the state has more freedom of choice in the formation of financial openness than foreign trade openness. Based on the analysis of a sample of countries (8 countries of the European Union with different levels of economic development, including former socialist countries and Ukraine), the authors have explored the dynamics of foreign trade openness over the past ten years. As a result, two groups of countries have been identified: a group with a certain fluctuation of the indicator and a group with a clear direction of the change in the indicator (either decrease or increase). It has been found that more developed countries, as a rule, belong to moderately open economies. In contrast, countries that relatively recently have become members of the European Union have ultra-open models. A more detailed analysis of economic openness has been carried out by calculating the ratio of net exports to GDP. This made it possible to qualify countries in another way: economies where the indicator fluctuates within 1-2% and economies with a dynamic indicator. It has been determined that states that have recently switched to a mixed economic model tend to show an increase in the positive net exports. Given the fact that there are no generally accepted indicators of financial openness, the authors have proposed to use a two-fold excess of the country’s GDP by the sum of foreign assets and liabilities as a criterion of openness. According to this criterion, only Ukraine and Poland should be classified as countries with moderate openness. All other economies can be considered ultra-open. The analysis of the net investment position allows, firstly, to identify a country as a net recipient or a net investor, and secondly, to assess the degre
{"title":"MODELS OF ECONOMIC OPENNESS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"O. Zadoia, Phan Minh Duc","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises the question of whether the openness of an individual country’s economy corresponds to the level of its economic development. Retrospective analysis indicates the existence of a long-term close interdependence of the growth of international trade and world GDP with an accelerated increase in the share of exports. But in recent years, this share, having reached its maximum in 2008, has demonstrated an amplitude fluctuation with a range of 30%. Therefore, a hypothesis has been put forward regarding the existence of a probable limit of exportled growth and economic development at the expense of increasing the level of openness of the national economy. In the study, the authors conduct an analysis of the models of economic openness used in a number of European countries, compare them with the Ukrainian model, and put forward proposals regarding the principles of building a post-war foreign economic model of Ukraine. In the process of research, the authors have designed a system of absolute and relative indicators of economic openness and determined a number of factors affecting the degree of economic openness. The concepts of financial openness and foreign trade openness have been specified. It has been proved that the state has more freedom of choice in the formation of financial openness than foreign trade openness. Based on the analysis of a sample of countries (8 countries of the European Union with different levels of economic development, including former socialist countries and Ukraine), the authors have explored the dynamics of foreign trade openness over the past ten years. As a result, two groups of countries have been identified: a group with a certain fluctuation of the indicator and a group with a clear direction of the change in the indicator (either decrease or increase). It has been found that more developed countries, as a rule, belong to moderately open economies. In contrast, countries that relatively recently have become members of the European Union have ultra-open models. A more detailed analysis of economic openness has been carried out by calculating the ratio of net exports to GDP. This made it possible to qualify countries in another way: economies where the indicator fluctuates within 1-2% and economies with a dynamic indicator. It has been determined that states that have recently switched to a mixed economic model tend to show an increase in the positive net exports. Given the fact that there are no generally accepted indicators of financial openness, the authors have proposed to use a two-fold excess of the country’s GDP by the sum of foreign assets and liabilities as a criterion of openness. According to this criterion, only Ukraine and Poland should be classified as countries with moderate openness. All other economies can be considered ultra-open. The analysis of the net investment position allows, firstly, to identify a country as a net recipient or a net investor, and secondly, to assess the degre","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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