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Strengthening SME competitiveness through financial support 通过资金支持增强中小企业竞争力
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103163h
M. Hadžić, Branka Paunović
Serbian SMEs after 2000 experienced high growth rate and become an important economic subject. During the economic crisis SMEs faced with severe problems. With economic recovery from 2015 on SMEs again have positive business demography. If look in SME`s business performances one cannot be satisfied. SMEs have experienced low level of profitability and competitiveness. Low efficiency, namely low gross value added, GVA made no room for savings and investments into development. The share of gross savings and investments into gross domestic product, GDP has for long time been less than 1/5. Thanking to high and increasing foreign direct investments total investments are on the level that made room for increase in rate of growth. The average rate of growth, 2-3% p.y. is insufficient to catch up other transitory economies. External sources of financing SMEs are limited and the discrepancy between demand for financial sources and supply is more than one billion euros. The difficult access to finance by SMEs can be explained by biased approach of banks toward large companies, problem of bank`s non - performing loans, high interest rates and high requirements of banks. The paper examines low efficiency of SMEs, especially problem of access to finance and try to recommend measures to overcome them.
2000年以后,塞尔维亚中小企业经历了高速增长,成为重要的经济主体。在经济危机中,中小企业面临着严峻的问题。随着2015年以来的经济复苏,中小企业的商业人口结构再次变得积极。从中小企业的经营业绩来看,不能令人满意。中小企业的盈利能力和竞争力水平较低。效率低,即总增加值低,GVA没有储蓄和发展投资的余地。长期以来,总储蓄和投资占国内生产总值(GDP)的比例一直低于1/5。由于外国直接投资高且不断增加,总投资处于为增长率增加空间的水平。每年2-3%的平均增长率不足以赶上其他过渡性经济体。中小企业的外部融资来源有限,资金来源的需求与供给之间的差额超过10亿欧元。中小企业融资难的原因可以归结为银行对大企业的偏袒态度、银行不良贷款问题、高利率和银行的高要求。本文分析了中小企业效率低下的问题,特别是融资难的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the mediator role of logistic service quality in relation between relationship flexibility and relationship satisfaction 探讨物流服务质量在关系灵活性与关系满意度关系中的中介作用
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103071e
E. Ercan, M. Çelik
The aim of study is to investigate the mediator role of logistic service quality in relation between relationship flexibility and relationship. In order to get data, a questionnaire form was sent to 1627 business managers registered in Gaziantep Chamber of Industry and 366 of them returned. According to the results of the analysis made with the data collected, it was found that the relationship flexibility positively affects the logistics service quality and the logistic service quality to the relationship satisfaction. However, it was observed that the the relationship flexibility did not affect the relationship satisfaction significantly. In addition, Sobel test was applied to determine the mediation effect and the mediation role of logistics service quality was determined in the effect of relationship flexibility on relationship satisfaction.
研究的目的是探讨物流服务质量在关系柔性和关系之间的中介作用。为了获取数据,我们向在加济安泰普工商会注册的1627名企业经理发放了问卷,其中366人返回。根据所收集的数据进行分析的结果发现,关系灵活性对物流服务质量和物流服务质量对关系满意度有正向影响。然而,我们观察到,关系灵活性对关系满意度没有显著影响。此外,运用Sobel检验确定关系灵活性对关系满意度的中介效应,确定物流服务质量在关系灵活性对关系满意度的影响中的中介作用。
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引用次数: 2
Employer brand and affective commitment of employees 雇主品牌与员工情感承诺
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103137t
N. Tsareva
The existing situation on labor market has been characterized by a shortage of highly qualified efficient personnel for many years. Company staff is a unique competitive resource and source of profit in any organization. A strong employer brand is a basic foundation for the strategic success of an organization, as it forms the positive attitude of employees and ensures their affective engagement. More and more Russian and international organizations have to resort to new tools to attract, retain, manage staff loyalty and involvement, and establish their image in the job market. Traditional management methods are no longer effective enough in solving such problems. The study reveals the essence of the employer's internal brand and its constituent part - the affective commitment of employees. It specifies the tools to ensure the development of affective commitment of staff.
多年来,劳动力市场的现状一直是高素质、高效率人才的短缺。在任何组织中,员工都是一种独特的竞争资源和利润来源。一个强大的雇主品牌是一个组织战略成功的基础,因为它形成了员工的积极态度,并确保他们的情感投入。越来越多的俄罗斯和国际组织不得不求助于新的工具来吸引、留住、管理员工的忠诚度和参与度,并在就业市场上树立自己的形象。传统的管理方法已经不能有效地解决这些问题。研究揭示了雇主内部品牌的本质及其组成部分——员工的情感承诺。它规定了确保员工情感承诺发展的工具。
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引用次数: 1
Certain issues and challenges of science and research in the COVID-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行中科研面临的一些问题和挑战
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103122r
Ž. Radosavljević, Aleksandar S. Anđelković, Edita Kastratović
The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic is probably one of the biggest crises that has affected civilization in the last hundred years. This refers to the number of infected and dead, but also to the economic, psychological, political, moral and other spheres. Science and scientific research during the pandemic was mainly focused on finding ways to prevent and treat the C-19 virus. Within medical science, epidemiology was treated separately during the pandemic, as a branch of medicine, while other sciences were neglected or put in the background, which limited the potentials of medical science in the C-19 pandemic. Analyzes show that a small number of scientific papers and research have focused on non-medical sciences and the place and role of non-medical professions in the fight against C-19, which is illogical, given that a pandemic is not just a medical phenomenon but a multidisciplinary problem that should be answered, with synchronized use of information, economic, organizational management, ethical and other sciences. It is shown that the impact of the pandemic on science and scientific research has not been investigated globally, nor at the level of Serbia, ie whether and to what extent the pandemic has affected the dynamics, aggravating or facilitating conditions for science and scientific research. This paper also discusses the problems of science and scientific cooperation during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science, scientific research and cooperation, and cooperation between scientific researchers at the international level. The aim of this paper is to point out some difficulties and obstacles in scientific work and cooperation and to suggest possible solutions.
COVID-19大流行的危机可能是过去一百年来影响文明的最大危机之一。这是指感染和死亡人数,也指经济、心理、政治、道德等领域。大流行期间的科学和科学研究主要集中在寻找预防和治疗C-19病毒的方法。在医学科学中,流行病学在大流行期间作为医学的一个分支被单独对待,而其他科学被忽视或置于次要地位,这限制了医学在C-19大流行中的潜力。分析表明,少数科学论文和研究侧重于非医学科学以及非医学专业在抗击covid -19中的地位和作用,这是不合逻辑的,因为大流行病不仅是一种医学现象,而且是一个多学科问题,应该通过同步利用信息、经济、组织管理、伦理和其他科学来解决。报告显示,没有在全球或塞尔维亚一级调查这一流行病对科学和科学研究的影响,即这一流行病是否以及在多大程度上影响了科学和科学研究的动态、加剧或促进了科学和科学研究的条件。本文还讨论了新冠肺炎大流行期间科学与科学合作存在的问题,以及新冠肺炎大流行对科学、科研与合作、国际科研人员合作的影响。本文的目的是指出在科学工作和合作中存在的一些困难和障碍,并提出可能的解决办法。
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引用次数: 1
Leisure activities of the population of Montenegro 黑山人民的休闲活动
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103142d
B. Đukanović, Nebojša Macanović, Mirjana Radović-Marković
In this paper, we examined the choice of types of favorite and unpopular activities and ways of practicing among different groups, age, education, and strata of Montenegrin society in leisure time. A random selection of 805 respondents was made. A special questionnaire was constructed for the purposes of this research. The starting theoretical position was Bourdieu's theory. The three favorite activities of our respondents in their free time were watching television, hanging out with friends, and walking. It is interesting that sleep is in the fourth place in terms of frequency in the first two choices of the most favorite activities, and in the third choice even in the second place. We can conclude that great poverty was observed in the choice of three activities that the respondents most often perform in the order of their importance. However, almost 2/5 (39%) practice them actively. It seems that these restrictions in terms of frequency are more conditioned by external, objective factors than the poverty of the respondents' needs for various forms of leisure recreation. The results of our research largely confirm Bourdieu's theoretical heritage, and partly do not confirm it. The most unexpected result is a very slight layer difference in the choice of the most favorite activity and the absence of differences in stating the reasons for the least popular. In our opinion, the main reason should not be sought in the epistemological weaknesses of Bourdieu's theory, but in the fact that Bourdieu's theory can be empirically tested on developed societies so that differences can be clearly expressed, in "pure" form. At least now, Montenegrin society does not belong to such societies.
在本文中,我们研究了黑山不同群体、年龄、教育程度和社会阶层在休闲时间中喜欢和不喜欢的活动类型和实践方式的选择。随机抽取了805名受访者。为了本研究的目的,我们制作了一份特殊的问卷。出发点是布迪厄的理论。我们的受访者在空闲时间最喜欢的三种活动是看电视、和朋友出去玩和散步。有趣的是,在最喜欢的活动的前两个选择中,睡觉的频率排在第四位,而在第三个选择中甚至排在第二位。我们可以得出结论,在选择三种按重要性排序的最常进行的活动时,可以观察到巨大的贫困。然而,近五分之二(39%)的人积极地练习。从频率上看,这些限制更多地受到外部客观因素的制约,而不是受访者对各种形式的休闲娱乐需求的匮乏。我们的研究结果在很大程度上证实了布迪厄的理论遗产,部分地不证实它。最意想不到的结果是,在选择最喜欢的活动时,有非常轻微的层次差异,而在说明最不受欢迎的活动的原因时没有差异。在我们看来,主要原因不应该在布迪厄理论的认识论弱点中寻找,而应该在布迪厄的理论可以在发达社会中进行经验检验,从而以“纯粹”的形式清楚地表达差异这一事实中寻找。至少现在,黑山社会不属于这样的社会。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of applying qualitative methods in surveying consumer behavior and satisfaction 应用定性方法调查消费者行为和满意度的重要性
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103116p
Dragana Pešić-Jenaćković, M. Cogoljević
For a long period of time, quantitative research style has dominated market research. However, in recent years, thanks to the diversity of topics on the market, as well as the development of new technologies, the advent of the Internet, research has increasingly applied the use of qualitative methods with various data collection instruments. The paper points out the importance of market research, especially research on consumer behavior and satisfaction in modern society - a society of constant, accelerated and major changes. This research has an indisputable value for the functioning, organization of the company, development of strategies for good positioning and maintaining the competitiveness of the company, in general for its survival and success in the market. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of qualitative methods and point out the need for methodological pluralism in market research. The paper emphasizes two qualitative methods - the method of observation and qualitative content analysis. The most important properties of these methods, the way of their application, justification and scope of their use in the research of consumer behavior and satisfaction are presented.
长期以来,定量研究风格主导着市场研究。然而,近年来,由于市场上主题的多样性,以及新技术的发展,互联网的出现,研究越来越多地使用定性方法和各种数据收集工具。本文指出了市场研究的重要性,特别是研究消费者的行为和满意度在现代社会-一个不断,加速和重大变化的社会。这项研究对于公司的运作,组织,制定战略,良好的定位和保持公司的竞争力,总的来说,对于公司在市场上的生存和成功具有无可争辩的价值。本文的主要目的是证明定性方法的重要性,并指出在市场研究中需要方法论多元化。本文强调两种定性方法——观察法和定性内容分析法。介绍了这些方法的最重要的性质,它们的应用方式,在消费者行为和满意度研究中使用的理由和范围。
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引用次数: 1
Financial management methods and ways to optimize costs 财务管理的方法和优化成本的途径
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103177s
Nadezhda Sukhina, E. Lebedeva, P. Zhuravlev, I. Chernykh, X. Kotova, H. Hajiyev
The article discusses financial management methods and ways to optimize costs. Management of the cost of production of enterprises is a systematic process of formation of costs for the production of all products and the cost of individual products, control over the fulfillment of tasks to reduce the cost of production, identification of reserves for its reduction. Enterprise cost management is a component of the enterprise management system as a whole. Therefore, in general terms, let us dwell on some aspects of enterprise management in order to understand the essence of cost management. Management - the activities of an enterprise aimed at realizing the objectives of the management object, subject to the rational use of available resources.
本文论述了财务管理的方法和优化成本的途径。企业的生产成本管理是一个系统的过程,形成所有产品的生产成本和个别产品的成本,控制任务的完成,以减少生产成本,确定储备,为其减少。企业成本管理是企业整体管理体系的一个组成部分。因此,总的来说,让我们对企业管理的一些方面进行深入研究,以便了解成本管理的本质。管理——企业在合理利用现有资源的前提下,为实现管理对象的目标而进行的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of forming of the professional competence and the rational use of human capital in the digital economy 数字经济中专业能力的形成与人力资本的合理利用分析
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103130e
D. Endovitsky, V. Tinyakova, N. Morozova, T. Karyagina, M. Fedotova
The authors of the article consider the problems of professional and personal competence development adequate to the digital economy challenges. They emphasized that it is necessary to shift the emphasis from obtaining only the knowledge component to a personality-oriented, developing cognitive activity in the traditional education system. The task of the modern education system should be to teach the listener to learn. As you know, the digital economy is based on the idea of transaction cost reduction because people are removed from value chains. Routine operations will be automated, and a number of professional activities will disappear. This will affect the labor market and its structure; in order to maintain his competitiveness, a person will have to look for a new application and complete his profile of professional competence quickly. In the age of innovation and rapid development of IT technologies, human capital will become the main economic resource of companies. It is the rational use of each person potential, the creation of conditions for his harmonious development that will determine a company competitive position in the market. The business community and the education system should become business partners that mutually influence each other in the context of digital transformation.
本文的作者考虑了专业和个人能力发展的问题,以适应数字经济的挑战。他们强调,有必要将传统教育系统的重点从只注重知识部分的获得转变为以个性为导向,发展认知活动。现代教育体系的任务应该是教会听者学习。如你所知,数字经济是基于降低交易成本的理念,因为人们从价值链中被移除。日常操作将实现自动化,一些专业活动将消失。这将影响劳动力市场及其结构;为了保持他的竞争力,一个人必须寻找一个新的应用,并迅速完成他的专业能力档案。在信息技术不断创新和快速发展的时代,人力资本将成为企业的主要经济资源。只有合理发挥每个人的潜能,为其和谐发展创造条件,才能决定企业在市场上的竞争地位。在数字化转型的背景下,商界和教育系统应该成为相互影响的商业伙伴。
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引用次数: 1
Financial innovations in testing the mechanism of environmental insurance at industrial enterprises in Russia and the world 金融创新对俄罗斯乃至世界工业企业环境保险机制的考验
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103053k
L. Krutova, Mihail Kulikovsky, K. Isaev
The article provides an assessment of the development of the innovative mechanism of environmental insurance in the world and in Russia, identifies the main problems of regional development, and suggests a set of organizational and regulatory innovations for the introduction of the environmental insurance market. The article identifies the features of the implementation of environmental risk insurance in Russia and in the world and identifies the need to determine the key factors and indicators of sustainable development of the environmental insurance market. As a result, of the conducted research, a set of requirements for insurance companies planning to introduce the mechanism of imputed environmental insurance into their business processes is proposed. The financial and economic instruments for stimulating the greening of the economic activities of Russian industrial enterprises are justified.
本文对世界和俄罗斯环境保险创新机制的发展进行了评估,指出了区域发展中存在的主要问题,并提出了一套引入环境保险市场的组织和监管创新方案。本文明确了俄罗斯和世界环境风险保险实施的特点,确定了环境保险市场可持续发展的关键因素和指标的必要性。因此,通过所进行的研究,对计划在其业务流程中引入估算环境保险机制的保险公司提出了一套要求。促进俄罗斯工业企业经济活动绿色化的金融和经济手段是合理的。
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引用次数: 0
Fiscal policy in the function of encouraging investment in research and development in selected countries in the region 财政政策的作用是鼓励本区域选定国家对研究和发展进行投资
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/intrev2103169m
Svetlana Milošević
Investing in research and development is a trend in modern business conditions, because it is expected to improve economic growth and improve competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the fiscal policy in the surrounding countries, which invest in research and development more than Serbia does. In that way, it can be seen whether some of the analyzed measures could be applied in Serbia as well. The analysis showed that Hungary has the most extensive network of tax incentives for research and development, which records the largest investments in research and development.
投资于研究和开发是现代商业条件下的一种趋势,因为它有望促进经济增长和提高竞争力。本文的目的是分析塞尔维亚周边国家的财政政策,这些国家在研发方面的投入比塞尔维亚多。这样,就可以看出所分析的一些措施是否也可以适用于塞尔维亚。分析表明,匈牙利拥有最广泛的研究与开发税收激励网络,记录了最大的研究与开发投资。
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引用次数: 0
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International Review
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