The paper analyzes the basic elements of the economic efficiencies of franchises in the field of trade and services in Serbia. Basic economic performance indicators of are analyzed, which include payback period, an accounting rate of return, net present value, profitability level and break-even analysis. External factors affecting the overall business, especially the choice of locations, were analyzed through the impact of the standard of living of the population. Calculations and analyzes were made on the basis of the balance sheet data of individual franchises and statistics on the trends of living standards for individual cities and regions in the Republic of Serbia. Population and standard of living have proven to be a significant factor in business decision making. Business premises can be reasonably opened in areas with an average population of about 3.33% of the total population. In regions and cities with a lower percentage of population, it is justified to open franchises if they are situated in high-frequency locations such as highways and/or tourist destinations. It is important to note that for management, in addition to all the indicators analyzed, it is very important to maintain standards that include recognizable appearance, standard quality offer, well-trained staff and everything else that the brand carries with it.
{"title":"Relevant economic factors affecting franchise operations in the services and trade sectors","authors":"A. Hasanov","doi":"10.5937/intrev1903038h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903038h","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the basic elements of the economic efficiencies of franchises in the field of trade and services in Serbia. Basic economic performance indicators of are analyzed, which include payback period, an accounting rate of return, net present value, profitability level and break-even analysis. External factors affecting the overall business, especially the choice of locations, were analyzed through the impact of the standard of living of the population. Calculations and analyzes were made on the basis of the balance sheet data of individual franchises and statistics on the trends of living standards for individual cities and regions in the Republic of Serbia. Population and standard of living have proven to be a significant factor in business decision making. Business premises can be reasonably opened in areas with an average population of about 3.33% of the total population. In regions and cities with a lower percentage of population, it is justified to open franchises if they are situated in high-frequency locations such as highways and/or tourist destinations. It is important to note that for management, in addition to all the indicators analyzed, it is very important to maintain standards that include recognizable appearance, standard quality offer, well-trained staff and everything else that the brand carries with it.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the world of infrastructure investments, international financing represents a key determinant and the basis for a larger and more successful development of small economies in Europe and the world. There is a very important role played by international financial institutions that provide financial investment and incentives without which the progress of small and stunted economies, potentially prosperous, would not be possible. Consequently, we will try to further explore the characteristics, significance and structure of EBRD's investment in the infrastructure sector of the Republic of Serbia, thus making a review of this sector of the Republic of Serbia.
{"title":"Investments of the EBRD in the infrastructure sector of Serbia","authors":"Aleksandar Košutić, M. Hadžić","doi":"10.5937/intrev1901039k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1901039k","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of infrastructure investments, international financing represents a key determinant and the basis for a larger and more successful development of small economies in Europe and the world. There is a very important role played by international financial institutions that provide financial investment and incentives without which the progress of small and stunted economies, potentially prosperous, would not be possible. Consequently, we will try to further explore the characteristics, significance and structure of EBRD's investment in the infrastructure sector of the Republic of Serbia, thus making a review of this sector of the Republic of Serbia.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to make an evaluation of CAP contribution to landscape management in Bulgarian economy of rural areas. To sum up, landscape is a non-commodity output produced as direct or indirect outcome of the activities operating in a particular area and it is valued by society for its functions (use and non use values, ecological, recreational, cultural etc). Due to this complex nature, it produces second-order effects that are captured by the stakeholders in rural areas (farmers or others), and that generate potential markets for new activities. Therefore, through the generation of these effects, landscape contributes to boosting the economy of rural areas and is an important driver for the whole regional economy. The Rural Development Programmes of the current period (2007-2013) support measures that can have an added value for this new perspective of the policy. Some of them such as the agri-environmental payments and the measures designed for less favoured areas can have direct and indirect effects in the provision of landscape and in delivering landscape as environmental public good, playing also an important role in terms of financial allocation in the current Rural Development Programme. The analysis of existing specific measures targeted at local level connected to the landscape allow to distinguish supporting potential landscape-related activities and its role at the economy of rural areas.
{"title":"Intervention effects of rural development programme on landscape management in Bulgaria","authors":"T. Radev, P. Borisov, Sofronia Miladinoski","doi":"10.5937/intrev1903059r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903059r","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to make an evaluation of CAP contribution to landscape management in Bulgarian economy of rural areas. To sum up, landscape is a non-commodity output produced as direct or indirect outcome of the activities operating in a particular area and it is valued by society for its functions (use and non use values, ecological, recreational, cultural etc). Due to this complex nature, it produces second-order effects that are captured by the stakeholders in rural areas (farmers or others), and that generate potential markets for new activities. Therefore, through the generation of these effects, landscape contributes to boosting the economy of rural areas and is an important driver for the whole regional economy. The Rural Development Programmes of the current period (2007-2013) support measures that can have an added value for this new perspective of the policy. Some of them such as the agri-environmental payments and the measures designed for less favoured areas can have direct and indirect effects in the provision of landscape and in delivering landscape as environmental public good, playing also an important role in terms of financial allocation in the current Rural Development Programme. The analysis of existing specific measures targeted at local level connected to the landscape allow to distinguish supporting potential landscape-related activities and its role at the economy of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a result of its author’s work, whose goal was to examine the role of globalization in the change of organization models and intensification of its competitiveness, following trade liberalization. In addition, the goal was to define competitive advantages, which the companies have to develop in order to survive in a highly competitive global market. The study has shown that market expansion does not mean that only big business subjects will be able to make a profit. Also, the analysis has shown that there is no correlation between a big market and success of big businesses. In other words, globalization rewards the companies which are innovative and competitive, regardless of the company’s size and country of origin.
{"title":"Selection of organization models and creation of competences of the employed people for the sake of competitiveness growth in global business environment","authors":"Mirjana Radović-Marković, Aidin Salamzadeh, Slađana Vujičić","doi":"10.5937/intrev1901064r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1901064r","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a result of its author’s work, whose goal was to examine the role of globalization in the change of organization models and intensification of its competitiveness, following trade liberalization. In addition, the goal was to define competitive advantages, which the companies have to develop in order to survive in a highly competitive global market. The study has shown that market expansion does not mean that only big business subjects will be able to make a profit. Also, the analysis has shown that there is no correlation between a big market and success of big businesses. In other words, globalization rewards the companies which are innovative and competitive, regardless of the company’s size and country of origin.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the problems of implementing the concept of a “smart city” as a strategic direction in the development of modern cities. The authors explore the relevance of the concept of "smart city" in modern cities on case study of Saint-Petersburg. The methods applied in the research were analysis and synthesis of modern theory of smart cities, interviews of more than 107 people living in the different part of the city Saint-Petersburg, which was used in conduction with modern smart city theory. The findings of current research discovered the high level of people interest to greening of smart cities and more active using green technologies in the development of smart cities.
{"title":"Smart city: The case study of Saint-Peterburg 2019","authors":"N. Vukovic, A. Rzhavtsev, V. Shmyrev","doi":"10.5937/intrev1901015v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1901015v","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the problems of implementing the concept of a “smart city” as a strategic direction in the development of modern cities. The authors explore the relevance of the concept of \"smart city\" in modern cities on case study of Saint-Petersburg. The methods applied in the research were analysis and synthesis of modern theory of smart cities, interviews of more than 107 people living in the different part of the city Saint-Petersburg, which was used in conduction with modern smart city theory. The findings of current research discovered the high level of people interest to greening of smart cities and more active using green technologies in the development of smart cities.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gali, V. A. Fakhrutdinova, F Gulnara Dulmukhametova, R Kamila Gilyazova, I Askar Gali
The relevance of the problem under investigation is caused by the fact that the issue of gifted students’ education is one of the most difficult and interesting aspects of contemporary Russian and foreign pedagogy. Nowadays working with gifted students appears as an important and priority educational policy worldwide. The analysis of the research literature shows that the problem of talented students is constantly attracts the attention of educators and psychologists. The purpose of the article is to reveal conditions and factors, forms and methods of development of gifted students’ abilities including linguistically gifted students of non-linguistic specialties. The article gives a detailed analysis of classroom work, extracurricular activities and independent forms of work. The author focuses on the specifics of working with gifted students, as well as on the analysis of foreign associations’ activities, projects and programs. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a method of historical and logical analysis of regulatory documents of foreign governments and research papers of leading scientists dealing with gifted education issues. The main result of the study is the identification of the forms for the learning organization that promote creative achievements of linguistically gifted students. The materials of the article can be used in different researches and will be interesting for a wide range of readers dealing with the problems of teacher training for work with gifted students.
{"title":"Methodical features of foreign language teaching to linguistically gifted students of non-linguistic specialties: Foreign experience","authors":"F. Gali, V. A. Fakhrutdinova, F Gulnara Dulmukhametova, R Kamila Gilyazova, I Askar Gali","doi":"10.5937/intrev1903106g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903106g","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the problem under investigation is caused by the fact that the issue of gifted students’ education is one of the most difficult and interesting aspects of contemporary Russian and foreign pedagogy. Nowadays working with gifted students appears as an important and priority educational policy worldwide. The analysis of the research literature shows that the problem of talented students is constantly attracts the attention of educators and psychologists. The purpose of the article is to reveal conditions and factors, forms and methods of development of gifted students’ abilities including linguistically gifted students of non-linguistic specialties. The article gives a detailed analysis of classroom work, extracurricular activities and independent forms of work. The author focuses on the specifics of working with gifted students, as well as on the analysis of foreign associations’ activities, projects and programs. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a method of historical and logical analysis of regulatory documents of foreign governments and research papers of leading scientists dealing with gifted education issues. The main result of the study is the identification of the forms for the learning organization that promote creative achievements of linguistically gifted students. The materials of the article can be used in different researches and will be interesting for a wide range of readers dealing with the problems of teacher training for work with gifted students.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes the study of the social infrastructure state in some Russian regions. Currently, social infrastructure is considered as a factor in the development of society and the economy of a territory. It is focused, on the one hand, on meeting the needs of an individual in education, maintaining health, comfortable living, and on the other, on solving socially significant problems related to the development of human capital, modernization of production, increasing labor productivity, attracting investment in the region’s economy and etc. In this regard, the study of a territory infrastructure by the example of Russian regions seems relevant at the moment. Through the use of a group of methods (integral evaluation, ranking, classification, etc.) an assessment was carried out and analysis of social infrastructure and its individual sectors (preschool, school, and vocational training; health, science, housing and communal services) in some regions of Russia was performed. According to the results of the study, three groups of regions were identified with high, satisfactory and low levels of social infrastructure development. For each group of regions, tools were proposed that could improve the state of social infrastructure for the benefit of the population, including public-private partnerships in implementing infrastructure projects.
{"title":"Development of social infrastructure in the Russian regions","authors":"Eremeeva E.A, Volkova N.V, Khalilova T.V","doi":"10.5937/intrev1903113e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903113e","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the study of the social infrastructure state in some Russian regions. Currently, social infrastructure is considered as a factor in the development of society and the economy of a territory. It is focused, on the one hand, on meeting the needs of an individual in education, maintaining health, comfortable living, and on the other, on solving socially significant problems related to the development of human capital, modernization of production, increasing labor productivity, attracting investment in the region’s economy and etc. In this regard, the study of a territory infrastructure by the example of Russian regions seems relevant at the moment. Through the use of a group of methods (integral evaluation, ranking, classification, etc.) an assessment was carried out and analysis of social infrastructure and its individual sectors (preschool, school, and vocational training; health, science, housing and communal services) in some regions of Russia was performed. According to the results of the study, three groups of regions were identified with high, satisfactory and low levels of social infrastructure development. For each group of regions, tools were proposed that could improve the state of social infrastructure for the benefit of the population, including public-private partnerships in implementing infrastructure projects.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on corporate branding application. The research question here is if corporate branding can add value to the incubated furniture company, as well as how to connect corporate branding with value. When researching this question, it is necessary to research further on the division of corporate branding which is internal & external (hereinafter referred to as "int. & ext.") branding, since a company added-value is from the cooperation and connection of int. & ext. branding. Only when int. & ext. branding work closely together, corporate branding may add more value to a company. In methodology, it was used a qualitative research method, which is company in-depth interviews, in order to research SIMPO's int. & ext. branding experience. This case study is helpful to analyse how corporate branding is connected to an enterprise value. Through SIMPO's case, being the largest furniture manufacturer and among the largest companies in terms of turnover in Serbia which has been a de facto state-owned business incubator for the majority of light manufacturing companies in and around the city of Vranje, it is illustrated that int. & ext. branding must combine in order to add value to a company. Corporate branding can really create value by increasing more adaptability/uniqueness/recognition. All in all, corporate branding is significant and can add value to companies. Corporate branding will play a more significant role in future marketing competition, so research on the corporate branding is likely to become more meaningful and interesting.
{"title":"Internal and external branding: A case study of SIMPO furniture company","authors":"M. Gajo","doi":"10.5937/intrev1901110g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1901110g","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on corporate branding application. The research question here is if corporate branding can add value to the incubated furniture company, as well as how to connect corporate branding with value. When researching this question, it is necessary to research further on the division of corporate branding which is internal & external (hereinafter referred to as \"int. & ext.\") branding, since a company added-value is from the cooperation and connection of int. & ext. branding. Only when int. & ext. branding work closely together, corporate branding may add more value to a company. In methodology, it was used a qualitative research method, which is company in-depth interviews, in order to research SIMPO's int. & ext. branding experience. This case study is helpful to analyse how corporate branding is connected to an enterprise value. Through SIMPO's case, being the largest furniture manufacturer and among the largest companies in terms of turnover in Serbia which has been a de facto state-owned business incubator for the majority of light manufacturing companies in and around the city of Vranje, it is illustrated that int. & ext. branding must combine in order to add value to a company. Corporate branding can really create value by increasing more adaptability/uniqueness/recognition. All in all, corporate branding is significant and can add value to companies. Corporate branding will play a more significant role in future marketing competition, so research on the corporate branding is likely to become more meaningful and interesting.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the issue of women's participation in economic activities in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the main factors that impede this participation. It employs the questionnaire designed for this purpose and distributed to women in Kirkuk. Additionally, the principal components method is used to reduce the number of the variables involved in the analysis to the lowest number of factors that serve as the best representation of the variables. The findings demonstrate that eight main factors representing the study variables. These factors explained about 70% of their total variance. Based on these factors, conclusions and recommendations are made on the study subject.
{"title":"A statistical and analytical study of the factors that impede women's participation in the economic activities in Kirkuk, Iraq","authors":"Sabah Hasan, Abdulrahim Al-Harthi, Anwar Kareem","doi":"10.5937/intrev1903024h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903024h","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the issue of women's participation in economic activities in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the main factors that impede this participation. It employs the questionnaire designed for this purpose and distributed to women in Kirkuk. Additionally, the principal components method is used to reduce the number of the variables involved in the analysis to the lowest number of factors that serve as the best representation of the variables. The findings demonstrate that eight main factors representing the study variables. These factors explained about 70% of their total variance. Based on these factors, conclusions and recommendations are made on the study subject.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The marketing implementation as observed through the management in functioning of banks should be seen within the comprehensive management activities in order to achieve better defined business operations. The most common management can be observed through the internal management factors. The internal management control of a management of an enterprise is carried out with the primary goal of achieving much better business. Besides, management is in a constant search for a method by means of better controlling of the management of its trusted legal entity (banks). The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of implementation of marketing within the introduction of controls in banks. At the same time, the author draws attention that management should create conditions in which it will be enabled the process of controls to be regularly revised, that is approaching to the “optimal”.
{"title":"Implementation of marketing in managerial functions of banks","authors":"Sonja Tomaš-Miskin, J. Vitomir","doi":"10.5937/intrev1901101t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1901101t","url":null,"abstract":"The marketing implementation as observed through the management in functioning of banks should be seen within the comprehensive management activities in order to achieve better defined business operations. The most common management can be observed through the internal management factors. The internal management control of a management of an enterprise is carried out with the primary goal of achieving much better business. Besides, management is in a constant search for a method by means of better controlling of the management of its trusted legal entity (banks). The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of implementation of marketing within the introduction of controls in banks. At the same time, the author draws attention that management should create conditions in which it will be enabled the process of controls to be regularly revised, that is approaching to the “optimal”.","PeriodicalId":43325,"journal":{"name":"International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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