Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210728164953
J. Chatlos, T. Petti
Between 2010 and 2020, New Jersey went from treating cannabis as an illegal substance in all circumstances to allowing medical use and subsequently recreational use. The Medical Marijuana Program (MMP) was originally very strict and was progressively liberalized. After attempts to legalize recreational use failed in the legislature, voters passed a referendum to amend the New Jersey constitution to allow recreational use. Our objectives are to document this process and provide the perspectives of psychiatrists treating adolescents. We describe the legislative process and the multiple pressures for legalization and decriminalization. Issues germane to youth as a vulnerable population have been inadequately considered by policy makers, the media, and general population. Greater attention to the process and outcome to mitigate this finding is needed.
{"title":"The New Jersey Perspective on Cannabis Legalization","authors":"J. Chatlos, T. Petti","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210728164953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210728164953","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Between 2010 and 2020, New Jersey went from treating cannabis as an illegal substance in all circumstances to allowing medical use and subsequently recreational use. \u0000\u0000The Medical Marijuana Program (MMP) was originally very strict and was progressively liberalized. After attempts to legalize recreational use failed in the legislature, voters passed a referendum to amend the New Jersey constitution to allow recreational use. Our objectives are to document this process and provide the perspectives of psychiatrists treating adolescents. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 We describe the legislative process and the multiple pressures for legalization and decriminalization. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Issues germane to youth as a vulnerable population have been inadequately considered by policy makers, the media, and general population. Greater attention to the process and outcome to mitigate this finding is needed. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210616125845
Mark D. Elliott, Bryon Adinoffz
Adult-use cannabis legalization is being increasingly embraced by various jurisdictions in the United States (US) and internationally. As adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of cannabis, it is essential to ensure that the effects of adult-use legalization are minimized. This review aimed to synthesize the extant literature exploring the impact of adult-use legalization on adolescents and provide recommendations for future action. We focused on the following domains: 1) prevalence of use, 2) high-frequency use, 3) perceived harm, 4) perceived availability, 5) modes of use, 6) potency, 7) mental health and medical outcomes, and 8) legal consequences. Narrative review is focused on adult-use legalization in the US. Adolescent cannabis use prevalence in US legal (as well as illegal) states has remained essentially stable since the advent of adult-use legalization. Criminal penalties for adolescents have not decreased in legal states and maybe increasing; out-of-school suspensions for cannabis use may also be increasing. It is uncertain whether reported decreases in national rates of perceived harm and availability and increases in cannabis frequency and potency of use in adolescents differ between legal and illegal states. The impact of legalization on adolescent health outcomes remains uncertain. At this early stage of adult-use legalization, we recommend that jurisdictions implement real-time, detailed monitoring to assess adolescent outcomes. In addition, both criminal penalties and out-of-school suspensions for cannabis infractions should be minimized.
{"title":"Implications of Adult-Use Cannabis Legalization from the Perspective of Adolescent Health","authors":"Mark D. Elliott, Bryon Adinoffz","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210616125845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210616125845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Adult-use cannabis legalization is being increasingly embraced by various jurisdictions in the United States (US) and internationally. As adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of cannabis, it is essential to ensure that the effects of adult-use legalization are minimized. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review aimed to synthesize the extant literature exploring the impact of adult-use legalization on adolescents and provide recommendations for future action. We focused on the following domains: 1) prevalence of use, 2) high-frequency use, 3) perceived harm, 4) perceived availability, 5) modes of use, 6) potency, 7) mental health and medical outcomes, and 8) legal consequences.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Narrative review is focused on adult-use legalization in the US.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Adolescent cannabis use prevalence in US legal (as well as illegal) states has remained essentially stable since the advent of adult-use legalization. Criminal penalties for adolescents have not decreased in legal states and maybe increasing; out-of-school suspensions for cannabis use may also be increasing. It is uncertain whether reported decreases in national rates of perceived harm and availability and increases in cannabis frequency and potency of use in adolescents differ between legal and illegal states. The impact of legalization on adolescent health outcomes remains uncertain.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000At this early stage of adult-use legalization, we recommend that jurisdictions implement real-time, detailed monitoring to assess adolescent outcomes. In addition, both criminal penalties and out-of-school suspensions for cannabis infractions should be minimized.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41882283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210616144139
J. Chatlos, T. Petti
Knowledge of the effects of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has significantly increased in recent years. This information has been brought into debates and decisions regarding the medical use of cannabis and recreational use of cannabis and cannabinoid products, often with non-science-based conclusions. Health-related effects, especially those related to children, adolescents, and young adults, must be a critical part of the decisions about the legalization of cannabis, and current knowledge is a necessity. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of cannabis use epidemiology in the United States. and provide current research information about the effects of cannabis use to be used in decisions about cannabis use and legalization, highlighting impacts on children, adolescents, and young adults. Key features of cannabis-related to health benefits and adverse effects were identified to provide a representative collage detailing the knowledge base of health, disease, and public welfare. Emphasis is paid on to the most current research findings and adverse effects related to youth and young adults. Helpful and harmful cannabis effects explain contradictory positions taken regarding further legalization of cannabis products. Federal research prohibition has handicapped a timely science-based informed discussion. Concerns are expressed for the protection of adolescents and emerging adults, regardless of cannabis’ legal status. The special vulnerabilities and needs of adolescents and emerging adults need to be considered in current and future discussions in public policy and legislation at all levels of government related to any further legalization of cannabis products. (N=247 words).
{"title":"Implications of Cannabis Legalization: A Medical Perspective","authors":"J. Chatlos, T. Petti","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210616144139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210616144139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Knowledge of the effects of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has significantly increased in recent years. This information has been brought into debates and decisions regarding the medical use of cannabis and recreational use of cannabis and cannabinoid products, often with non-science-based conclusions. Health-related effects, especially those related to children, adolescents, and young adults, must be a critical part of the decisions about the legalization of cannabis, and current knowledge is a necessity. \u0000The aim of this study was to provide an overview of cannabis use epidemiology in the United States. \u0000and provide current research information about the effects of cannabis use to be used in decisions about cannabis use and legalization, highlighting impacts on children, adolescents, and young adults. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Key features of cannabis-related to health benefits and adverse effects were identified to provide a representative collage detailing the knowledge base of health, disease, and public welfare. Emphasis is paid on to the most current research findings and adverse effects related to youth and young adults. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Helpful and harmful cannabis effects explain contradictory positions taken regarding further legalization of cannabis products. Federal research prohibition has handicapped a timely science-based informed discussion. Concerns are expressed for the protection of adolescents and emerging adults, regardless of cannabis’ legal status.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The special vulnerabilities and needs of adolescents and emerging adults need to be considered in current and future discussions in public policy and legislation at all levels of government related to any further legalization of cannabis products. (N=247 words).\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41661240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210610120637
Stavroula Ropi, G. Kolaitis, F. Zaravinos-Tsakos, C. Androutsos, V. Dafoulis, M. Belivanaki, C. Tzavara, V. Rotsika, S. Christogiorgos
Quality of family functioning and levels of parental expressed emotion (criticism, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement) are prospectively associated with the course and outcome of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. This study examined family functioning, expressed emotion, and quality of life, in a clinical sample of 40 adolescents presenting with schizophrenia spectrum or affective psychotic disorders. Expressed emotion, family functioning, and quality of life were measured using the family questionnaire, family assessment device, and the KIDSCREEN 27, respectively. Parents scored high on both parts of the family questionnaire, the critical comments and emotional over-involvement. Higher expressed emotion was associated with more emotional difficulties of both parents, especially depressive features. Economic difficulties of the family were found to be negatively associated with the adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Overall, the study points out the need for appropriate family interventions, which will assist the caregivers in developing communication and problem-solving strategies and will contribute to the reduction of high levels of hostile or critical expressed emotion and emotional over-involvement within the family.
{"title":"Family functioning, expressed emotion and quality of life in adolescents with early onset schizophrenia spectrum and affective psychotic disorders","authors":"Stavroula Ropi, G. Kolaitis, F. Zaravinos-Tsakos, C. Androutsos, V. Dafoulis, M. Belivanaki, C. Tzavara, V. Rotsika, S. Christogiorgos","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210610120637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210610120637","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Quality of family functioning and levels of parental expressed emotion (criticism, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement) are prospectively associated with the course and outcome of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study examined family functioning, expressed emotion, and quality of life, in a clinical sample of 40 adolescents presenting with schizophrenia spectrum or affective psychotic disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Expressed emotion, family functioning, and quality of life were measured using the family questionnaire, family assessment device, and the KIDSCREEN 27, respectively. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Parents scored high on both parts of the family questionnaire, the critical comments and emotional over-involvement. Higher expressed emotion was associated with more emotional difficulties of both parents, especially depressive features. Economic difficulties of the family were found to be negatively associated with the adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, the study points out the need for appropriate family interventions, which will assist the caregivers in developing communication and problem-solving strategies and will contribute to the reduction of high levels of hostile or critical expressed emotion and emotional over-involvement within the family.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2174/221067661102211125164243
T. Petti
This thematic issue presents multiple perspectives on the timely topic of further cannabis legalization, including adult recreational use. Balanced consideration was sought for arguments favoring and against further cannabis legalization and regulation to inform clinicians taking care of children, adolescents, and emerging adults (CAEA) in their clinical practice, as well as advocates and policymakers seeking a concise, informative overview, including political issues in their deliberations. By April 2021, thirty-six states legalized marijuana for medical use, now eighteen of that number for adult recreational use (though one is being challenged in court (Margolies 2021), and two where cannabis use is illegal. The United States’ (USA) federal government is expected to again consider legalization at the national level. Four countries have legalized adult use, others have decriminalized cannabis possession, while other forms of legalized possession and use exist in portions of other countries. The literature in this area, including research and policy-related foci, is burgeoning, and this issue is expected to assist clinicians and others to better understand the issues.
{"title":"Perspectives on the Further Legalization of Cannabis","authors":"T. Petti","doi":"10.2174/221067661102211125164243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221067661102211125164243","url":null,"abstract":"This thematic issue presents multiple perspectives on the timely topic of further cannabis legalization, including adult recreational use. Balanced consideration was sought for arguments favoring and against further cannabis legalization and regulation to inform clinicians taking care of children, adolescents, and emerging adults (CAEA) in their clinical practice, as well as advocates and policymakers seeking a concise, informative overview, including political issues in their deliberations. By April 2021, thirty-six states legalized marijuana for medical use, now eighteen of that number for adult recreational use (though one is being challenged in court (Margolies 2021), and two where cannabis use is illegal. The United States’ (USA) federal government is expected to again consider legalization at the national level. Four countries have legalized adult use, others have decriminalized cannabis possession, while other forms of legalized possession and use exist in portions of other countries. The literature in this area, including research and policy-related foci, is burgeoning, and this issue is expected to assist clinicians and others to better understand the issues.","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48412451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210526112502
A. Klomek, Kineret Koren
Bullying others among school-aged youth is a worldwide phenomenon that has a variety of adverse outcomes, depression being one of them. The objective of the current study was to examine whether perceived parenting styles moderated the relationship between bullying others and depression among adolescents. It was hypothesized that perceived authoritarian parenting would increase the association between bullying others and depression than non-authoritarian parents. The sample included 116 adolescents aged 12-17, with a mean age of 13.87. The percentage of male participants was 47.41% . We used self-report questionnaires, which measured the different variables in the study (bullying, perceptions of parenting styles, and depression). A positive correlation between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found. Bullying others and perceived authoritarian parenting style were also correlated, and a positive correlation was found between perceived authoritarian parenting style and depressive symptoms. The moderation effect of perceived parenting style on the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found significant. Among adolescents perceiving their parents as authoritarian, the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found to be stronger. In contrast, among adolescents perceiving their parents as non-authoritarian, the association was low. Results of this study have important clinical implications by understanding the parenting component in the association between bullying others and depression. Our results suggest that the psychological outcomes for bullies may depend, among other things, on their perception of parents' parenting style.
{"title":"The Moderating Role of Parenting Styles in Adolescents’ Bullying and Depression","authors":"A. Klomek, Kineret Koren","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210526112502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210526112502","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Bullying others among school-aged youth is a worldwide phenomenon that has a variety of adverse outcomes, depression being one of them. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the current study was to examine whether perceived parenting styles moderated the relationship between bullying others and depression among adolescents. It was hypothesized that perceived authoritarian parenting would increase the association between bullying others and depression than non-authoritarian parents. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The sample included 116 adolescents aged 12-17, with a mean age of 13.87. The percentage of male participants was 47.41% . We used self-report questionnaires, which measured the different variables in the study (bullying, perceptions of parenting styles, and depression). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A positive correlation between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found. Bullying others and perceived authoritarian parenting style were also correlated, and a positive correlation was found between perceived authoritarian parenting style and depressive symptoms. The moderation effect of perceived parenting style on the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found significant. Among adolescents perceiving their parents as authoritarian, the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found to be stronger. In contrast, among adolescents perceiving their parents as non-authoritarian, the association was low.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results of this study have important clinical implications by understanding the parenting component in the association between bullying others and depression. Our results suggest that the psychological outcomes for bullies may depend, among other things, on their perception of parents' parenting style.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210419101102
M. Preyde, Katelyn Whitworth, Marco DiCroce, A. Markov, Shrenik Parekh, J. Heintzman
To explore the proportion of patients with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), their proportion of overall admissions and their psychosocial histories at a regional child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all admissions of patients with a SUD. Abstracted patient data included demographic information, diagnoses, psychosocial histories, living situation at the time of admission, legal involvement and charges, whether an alternate level of care was needed and discharge plans. From September 2018 to February 2020, of the 540 patients admitted, 126 (23.3%) had a SUD recorded in their charts and accounted for 34.6% of the total number of admissions. Their mean age was 15.85 (SD 1.10; range 13 to 18) years and most were identified as female (n=81; 64%) which is consistent with the number of female patients admitted during the study period (n=366 female of 540 admitted; X2=0.56, p= 0.45). Common psychiatric diagnoses included mood, trauma and stressor-related and anxiety disorders. Most patients (124; 98.4%) had a history of psychosocial adversity, 90 (71.4%) patients had a parent with a mental illness or a SUD, 55 (44%) reported being bullied, 54 (43%) reported being sexually assaulted and several (n=41;33%) had experienced precarious living situations. Adolescent inpatients with a SUD were also managing a complex array of clinical and psychosocial challenges. Upon discharge from hospital, some patients were placed on waitlists and many patients were referred to specialized treatment far from home highlighting the need for additional, comprehensive programs for SUD and the constellation of psychosocial problems associated with these disorders.
{"title":"Clinical, Discharge and Psychosocial Profiles of Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder Accessing Inpatient Psychiatry in Ontario, Canada","authors":"M. Preyde, Katelyn Whitworth, Marco DiCroce, A. Markov, Shrenik Parekh, J. Heintzman","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210419101102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210419101102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To explore the proportion of patients with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), their proportion of overall admissions and their psychosocial histories at a regional child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective chart review was conducted on all admissions of patients with a SUD. Abstracted patient data included demographic information, diagnoses, psychosocial histories, living situation at the time of admission, legal involvement and charges, whether an alternate level of care was needed and discharge plans.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From September 2018 to February 2020, of the 540 patients admitted, 126 (23.3%) had a SUD recorded in their charts and accounted for 34.6% of the total number of admissions. Their mean age was 15.85 (SD 1.10; range 13 to 18) years and most were identified as female (n=81; 64%) which is consistent with the number of female patients admitted during the study period (n=366 female of 540 admitted; X2=0.56, p= 0.45). Common psychiatric diagnoses included mood, trauma and stressor-related and anxiety disorders. Most patients (124; 98.4%) had a history of psychosocial adversity, 90 (71.4%) patients had a parent with a mental illness or a SUD, 55 (44%) reported being bullied, 54 (43%) reported being sexually assaulted and several (n=41;33%) had experienced precarious living situations. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Adolescent inpatients with a SUD were also managing a complex array of clinical and psychosocial challenges. Upon discharge from hospital, some patients were placed on waitlists and many patients were referred to specialized treatment far from home highlighting the need for additional, comprehensive programs for SUD and the constellation of psychosocial problems associated with these disorders. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2174/221067661101211020094011
Lois T. Flaherty
Articles in this issue of Adolescent Psychiatry illustrate the wide gaps between what we know (or are finding out) and what we do. Three are focused on inpatient treatment – the highest level of care – is the subject of three articles, one on how Covid-19 has altered inpatient treatment, one on psychotic patients in Greece, and one on patients with substance use disorders in Canada. The other three articles all point the way to possible primary interventions, ranging from modifying parenting styles and expectations (a tall order) to engaging adolescents in yoga and meditation (something already being done in some schools).
{"title":"From Tertiary to Primary Prevention","authors":"Lois T. Flaherty","doi":"10.2174/221067661101211020094011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221067661101211020094011","url":null,"abstract":"Articles in this issue of Adolescent Psychiatry illustrate the wide gaps between what we know (or are finding out) and what we do. Three are focused on inpatient treatment – the highest level of care – is the subject of three articles, one on how Covid-19 has altered inpatient treatment, one on psychotic patients in Greece, and one on patients with substance use disorders in Canada. The other three articles all point the way to possible primary interventions, ranging from modifying parenting styles and expectations (a tall order) to engaging adolescents in yoga and meditation (something already being done in some schools).","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210915120236
Liat Haruvi Catalan, A. Klomek, G. Shoval, G. Zalsman, L. Schapir, T. Shechner, Orit Krispin, Neta Horesh, A. Apter, S. Fennig
Suicide attempts occur mostly during adolescence and are much more frequent in females than in males, although males tend to commit suicide more often than females. This study aims to examine the association between female gender, gender conflict, depression, stress and suicide attempts in adolescent girls. Participants included 86 adolescent girls aged 12-21 (µ=15.7, SD=3.07) with depression (n=29), attempted suicide (n=15) or both (n=42), admitted consecutively to a tertiary medical center and 93 healthy controls from the community. Depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, gender identity and conflict, personality factors, and stress were compared between the study group and controls and each of the three study-subgroups and controls. A difference was found in the perception gap of own femininity versus others' expectations of the subject’s femininity, between the suicide attempters both with and without depression and the controls. Personality factors were also found to be related to depression and suicide attempts. Suicide attempters with depression showed more harm avoidance than those without depression. Novelty seeking was significantly higher in non-depressed suicide attempters than in controls but not when compared to suicide attempters with depression. It seems that suicide attempts and depression may not only be related to female gender identity. Conflicting gender expectations may result in increased stress, raising the risk for suicide attempts, particularly in girls with high harm avoidance.
{"title":"Association of Perceived Gender Conflict with Depression and Attempted Suicide in Adolescent Girls","authors":"Liat Haruvi Catalan, A. Klomek, G. Shoval, G. Zalsman, L. Schapir, T. Shechner, Orit Krispin, Neta Horesh, A. Apter, S. Fennig","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666210915120236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666210915120236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Suicide attempts occur mostly during\u0000adolescence and are much more frequent in females than in males, although males\u0000tend to commit suicide more often than females. This study aims to examine the\u0000association between female gender, gender conflict, depression, stress and suicide\u0000attempts in adolescent girls.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Participants included 86 adolescent girls aged 12-21 (µ=15.7, SD=3.07)\u0000with depression (n=29), attempted suicide (n=15) or both (n=42), admitted\u0000consecutively to a tertiary medical center and 93 healthy controls from the\u0000community. Depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, gender identity and\u0000conflict, personality factors, and stress were compared between the study group and\u0000controls and each of the three study-subgroups and controls.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A difference was found in the perception gap of own femininity versus\u0000others' expectations of the subject’s femininity, between the suicide attempters both\u0000with and without depression and the controls. Personality factors were also found to\u0000be related to depression and suicide attempts. Suicide attempters with depression\u0000showed more harm avoidance than those without depression. Novelty seeking was\u0000significantly higher in non-depressed suicide attempters than in controls but not\u0000when compared to suicide attempters with depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 It seems that suicide attempts and depression may not only be related to\u0000female gender identity. Conflicting gender expectations may result in increased stress,\u0000raising the risk for suicide attempts, particularly in girls with high harm avoidance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-22DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666210111094448
Tara Benczkowski, Christine Kostoroski, Mackenzie Stabile, K. Holler
Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SAs) among adolescents are a significant public health concern worldwide. The current study extends previous research by exploring the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and SI and SAs in a sample of adolescent inpatients as well as identifying specific predictors for increased risk of SI and SAs. Associations between ACE scores and self-reported SI and SAs were explored in a sample of 154 adolescent inpatients via clinical interview and by analyzing the association between cumulative ACE scores and scores on the Suicidal Tendency scale of a larger personality measure. We also tested for independent relationships between 19 ACEs and SI and SAs to determine unique predictors for suicidality. One-way ANOVA analyses revealed that those who attempted suicide reported significantly more ACEs compared to those who did not attempt suicide. Witnessing violence in the home, school, or neighborhood, and experiences of discrimination increased one’s likelihood to attempt suicide by two to threefold, while sexual abuse, neglect, and physical abuse increased this likelihood by three-to-fourfold. Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that emotional abuse, living with someone who had mental health problems or attempted suicide were most associated with elevated Suicidal Tendency scores on a personality measure. Early identification, education and intervention are imperative to limit or eliminate ACEs from occurring. The impact of cumulative as well as specific ACEs on suicide risk should be closely considered as areas for such intervention. Areas for future research include extending to include more diverse populations such as the LGBTQ community as well as more ethnically and racially diverse populations.
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