Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220408095913
Mayank Gupta, D. Ramar, Rekha Vijayan, Nihit Gupta
Artificial Intelligence is making a significant transformation in human lives. Its application in the medical and healthcare field has been also observed making an impact and improving overall outcomes. There has been a quest for similar processes in mental health due to the lack of observable changes in the areas of suicide prevention. In the last five years, there has been an emerging body of empirical research applying the technology of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in mental health. To review the clinical applicability of the AI/ML-based tools in suicide prevention. The compelling question of predicting suicidality has been the focus of this research. We performed a broad literature search and then identified 36 articles relevant to meet the objectives of this review. We review the available evidence and provide a brief overview of the advances in this field. In the last five years, there has been more evidence supporting the implementation of these algorithms in clinical practice. Its current clinical utility is limited to using electronic health records and could be highly effective in conjunction with existing tools for suicide prevention. Other potential sources of relevant data include smart devices and social network sites. There are some serious questions about data privacy and ethics which need more attention while developing these new modalities in suicide research.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Tools for Suicide Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults","authors":"Mayank Gupta, D. Ramar, Rekha Vijayan, Nihit Gupta","doi":"10.2174/2210676612666220408095913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676612666220408095913","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Artificial Intelligence is making a significant transformation in human lives. Its application in the medical and healthcare field has been also observed making an impact and improving overall outcomes. There has been a quest for similar processes in mental health due to the lack of observable changes in the areas of suicide prevention. In the last five years, there has been an emerging body of empirical research applying the technology of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in mental health.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To review the clinical applicability of the AI/ML-based tools in suicide prevention.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The compelling question of predicting suicidality has been the focus of this research. \u0000We performed a broad literature search and then identified 36 articles relevant to meet the objectives of this review. We review the available evidence and provide a brief overview of the advances in this field.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the last five years, there has been more evidence supporting the implementation of these algorithms in clinical practice. Its current clinical utility is limited to using electronic health records and could be highly effective in conjunction with existing tools for suicide prevention. Other potential sources of relevant data include smart devices and social network sites. There are some serious questions about data privacy and ethics which need more attention while developing these new modalities in suicide research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220405125502
Maria A. Tocco, Sarah Mohiuddin
Trauma exposure is common, with more than half of children and adolescents experiencing at least one traumatic event prior to adulthood. Although diagnoses of eating disorders are less prevalent, the majority of adolescents re-port engaging in disordered eating behaviors. The association between childhood trauma exposure and disordered eating behaviors has been well documented in adults, however less is known about this association in adolescents. This review summarizes the literature that exists in the adolescent population. Multiple large-scale studies have demonstrated that adolescents who have been exposed to trauma are more likely to engage in disordered eating behaviors. This association was shown to exist in both sexes, although there appears to be a higher prevalence reported in girls. There does not appear to be significant racial or cultural factors that con-tribute to this association. The experience of sexual trauma, increased trauma severity, and repeat victimization confer an increased risk of engaging in disordered eating behaviors. There are multiple mediators that play a role in the development of disordered eating following a traumatic experience.
{"title":"Trauma & Disordered Eating in Adolescents: A Review","authors":"Maria A. Tocco, Sarah Mohiuddin","doi":"10.2174/2210676612666220405125502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676612666220405125502","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Trauma exposure is common, with more than half of children and adolescents experiencing at least one traumatic event prior to adulthood. Although diagnoses of eating disorders are less prevalent, the majority of adolescents re-port engaging in disordered eating behaviors. The association between childhood trauma exposure and disordered eating behaviors has been well documented in adults, however less is known about this association in adolescents. This review summarizes the literature that exists in the adolescent population.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Multiple large-scale studies have demonstrated that adolescents who have been exposed to trauma are more likely to engage in disordered eating behaviors. This association was shown to exist in both sexes, although there appears to be a higher prevalence reported in girls. There does not appear to be significant racial or cultural factors that con-tribute to this association. The experience of sexual trauma, increased trauma severity, and repeat victimization confer an increased risk of engaging in disordered eating behaviors. There are multiple mediators that play a role in the development of disordered eating following a traumatic experience.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220225122720
Sreedevi Damodar, Cidney Lokemoen, Vikram Gurusamy, Manpreet Takhi, Daniel Bishev, A. Parrill, M. Deviney, U. Person, Ijendu Korie, Romain Branch
With new technological advancements, adolescents can obtain devices that give them virtually unlimited access to social media (SM) which may impact adolescent mental health. This literature review aims to evaluate the influence of social media use on adolescent anxiety and depression. A literature search of PubMed from June 2010 through June 2020 was completed for the following MeSH terms: social media, adolescent, anxiety, depression, and mental health. English language articles that discussed adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, anxiety and/or depression and SM were included. Extracted data included the SM platform, impact on anxiety and depression, interventions, temporal and dose-response relationships, and observed versus self-reported usage. The majority of articles positively associated depression (82.6%) and anxiety (78.3%) with SM use. depression corresponded with cyber-bullying (42.1%), negative social perspective (21.0%), diminished self-esteem (15.8%), and sleep disturbance (10.5%). Anxiety corresponded with a negative social perspective (44.4%), diminished self-esteem (33.3%), sleep disturbance (16.7%), and cyber-bullying (16.7%). Many studies suggested the use of interventions to reduce depression (72.7%) and anxiety (72.7%), such as screen time restrictions (n=6) and social support (n=4), but lacked evaluation of their implementation. Current literature suggests a positive association between adolescent SM use with anxiety and depression. Our study highlights the need for further investigation of temporal and dose-response associations between SM use and adolescent mental health, and the potential benefits of SM-driven interventions.
{"title":"#Trending: A Systematic Review of Social Media Use’s Influence on Adolescent Anxiety and Depression","authors":"Sreedevi Damodar, Cidney Lokemoen, Vikram Gurusamy, Manpreet Takhi, Daniel Bishev, A. Parrill, M. Deviney, U. Person, Ijendu Korie, Romain Branch","doi":"10.2174/2210676612666220225122720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676612666220225122720","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000With new technological advancements, adolescents can obtain\u0000devices that give them virtually unlimited access to social media (SM) which may impact\u0000adolescent mental health.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This literature review aims to evaluate the influence of social media use on\u0000adolescent anxiety and depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A literature search of PubMed from June 2010 through June 2020 was completed\u0000for the following MeSH terms: social media, adolescent, anxiety, depression, and mental\u0000health. English language articles that discussed adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, anxiety\u0000and/or depression and SM were included. Extracted data included the SM platform, impact\u0000on anxiety and depression, interventions, temporal and dose-response relationships, and\u0000observed versus self-reported usage.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The majority of articles positively associated depression (82.6%) and anxiety\u0000(78.3%) with SM use. depression corresponded with cyber-bullying (42.1%), negative\u0000social perspective (21.0%), diminished self-esteem (15.8%), and sleep disturbance (10.5%).\u0000Anxiety corresponded with a negative social perspective (44.4%), diminished self-esteem\u0000(33.3%), sleep disturbance (16.7%), and cyber-bullying (16.7%). Many studies suggested\u0000the use of interventions to reduce depression (72.7%) and anxiety (72.7%), such as screen\u0000time restrictions (n=6) and social support (n=4), but lacked evaluation of their\u0000implementation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Current literature suggests a positive association between adolescent SM use\u0000with anxiety and depression. Our study highlights the need for further investigation of\u0000temporal and dose-response associations between SM use and adolescent mental health, and\u0000the potential benefits of SM-driven interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49641195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.2174/221067661104211230111925
{"title":"Achnowledgement to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.2174/221067661104211230111925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221067661104211230111925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48133268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666211222104647
Yuko Taniguchi, Mason Schlief, Jered Bright, Sue Simon, J. Leffler
Given the high rates of mental health concerns and communication difficulties for adolescents a treatment intervention to allow for effective expression may be therapeutic. One of the leading writing practices is Pennebaker’s Expressive Writing (EW) intervention. EW involves individuals writing about their feelings and thoughts regarding negative life experiences. Benefits of EW include a reduction of psychological symptoms and doctor visits, and better adjustment. To examine the role of using EW and creative writing as a group intervention for youth admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital (IPH) The current study evaluated participant engagement in a 3-day EW activity facilitated by nurses and graduate students on the IPH unit under the supervision of the IPH unit nurse manager and course instructor. Participants included 23 youth between 12- and 18-years-old Of the 23 participants 49.69% discussed vivid descriptions of illness, 24.5% discussed negative emotions, 20.25% included casual explanation, 5.52% discussed polarized view, and 16.56% discussed their desires, wishes, and goals. The response rate of clinician’s review of the EW content included 58% of clinician’s coding was on the patient’s current state, 24% was on causal explanations, and 18% was on treatment options. The current EW intervention facilitated by nursing staff and graduate students in an IPH was found to be engaged in by participants and provide an additional therapeutic resource to participants. EW may foster patient communication with staff about their functioning, mental health concerns, and treatment needs.
{"title":"Implementation of an Expressive Writing Intervention for Adolescents during Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization","authors":"Yuko Taniguchi, Mason Schlief, Jered Bright, Sue Simon, J. Leffler","doi":"10.2174/2210676612666211222104647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676612666211222104647","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Given the high rates of mental health concerns and communication difficulties for adolescents a treatment intervention to allow for effective expression may be therapeutic. One of the leading writing practices is Pennebaker’s Expressive Writing (EW) intervention. EW involves individuals writing about their feelings and thoughts regarding negative life experiences. Benefits of EW include a reduction of psychological symptoms and doctor visits, and better adjustment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To examine the role of using EW and creative writing as a group intervention for youth admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital (IPH)\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study evaluated participant engagement in a 3-day EW activity facilitated by nurses and graduate students on the IPH unit under the supervision of the IPH unit nurse manager and course instructor. Participants included 23 youth between 12- and 18-years-old\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of the 23 participants 49.69% discussed vivid descriptions of illness, 24.5% discussed negative emotions, 20.25% included casual explanation, 5.52% discussed polarized view, and 16.56% discussed their desires, wishes, and goals. The response rate of clinician’s review of the EW content included 58% of clinician’s coding was on the patient’s current state, 24% was on causal explanations, and 18% was on treatment options.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current EW intervention facilitated by nursing staff and graduate students in an IPH was found to be engaged in by participants and provide an additional therapeutic resource to participants. EW may foster patient communication with staff about their functioning, mental health concerns, and treatment needs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211126155735
L. Ponton, Samuel Judice, T. Petti
Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia (DC) have enacted some form of legalized cannabis or cannabinoid for medical conditions (MMJ), 11 of them and DC for recreational use. It has become critical for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals working with adolescents to be aware of diversion of marijuana (MJ) to youth and subsequent potential adverse effects in environments with widely different regulations. The experience of two office-based psychiatrists in California (the first state to legalize MMJ) through case presentations and an informal practice review illustrate the role that diverted MMJ plays in the clinical presentation of youth for psychiatric care, highlighting clinical implications and guidelines for treators as states legalize MJ for adult recreational use. Two child and adolescent psychiatrists practicing in California over the last twenty years report on their experiences working with adolescent patients and their families during the period of legalized MMJ. After a comprehensive literature review, they report their clinical observations and make recommendations for treators of adolescents. There is general confusion among adolescents and their parents about MJ and MMJ. There is a lack of clear regulatory guidelines and a need for better clinical training for prescribing physicians. Diversion of MMJ to teens during periods of legalization of medical marijuana is common in states where it has been not legislated or regulated sufficiently to provide effective safeguards. This lax approach is demonstrated by our case reports and clinical review. Similar experiences have been reported elsewhere. Increased problems with diversion are expected as legalization efforts continue. Professionals and their organizations need to become more active in advocating policies to protect youth from potential harm related to cannabis use and abuse and carefully evaluate its use among their teen patients.
{"title":"Marijuana’s Changing Legal Landscape and Its Implications for Adolescent Psychiatrists: A Report from California","authors":"L. Ponton, Samuel Judice, T. Petti","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666211126155735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666211126155735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia (DC) have enacted some form of legalized cannabis or cannabinoid for medical conditions (MMJ), 11 of them and DC for recreational use. It has become critical for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals working with adolescents to be aware of diversion of marijuana (MJ) to youth and subsequent potential adverse effects in environments with widely different regulations. The experience of two office-based psychiatrists in California (the first state to legalize MMJ) through case presentations and an informal practice review illustrate the role that diverted MMJ plays in the clinical presentation of youth for psychiatric care, highlighting clinical implications and guidelines for treators as states legalize MJ for adult recreational use. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two child and adolescent psychiatrists practicing in California over the last twenty years report on their experiences working with adolescent patients and their families during the period of legalized MMJ. After a comprehensive literature review, they report their clinical observations and make recommendations for treators of adolescents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There is general confusion among adolescents and their parents about MJ and MMJ. There is a lack of clear regulatory guidelines and a need for better clinical training for prescribing physicians. Diversion of MMJ to teens during periods of legalization of medical marijuana is common in states where it has been not legislated or regulated sufficiently to provide effective safeguards. This lax approach is demonstrated by our case reports and clinical review. Similar experiences have been reported elsewhere. Increased problems with diversion are expected as legalization efforts continue. Professionals and their organizations need to become more active in advocating policies to protect youth from potential harm related to cannabis use and abuse and carefully evaluate its use among their teen patients. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48443535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211116163220
Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam, Abid Nordin, P. S. K. Tok, Nik Daliana Nik Farid, M. Dahlui
Incarcerated adolescents within the juvenile justice system are more likely to be diagnosed with poor mental health compared with their non-incarcerated peers. Conducting clinical trials on mental health interventions among an incarcerated adolescent population is challenging due to the nature of detention facilities. This systematic review examines available literature on Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) done to assess mental health interventions among incarcerated adolescents globally and to determine the type of intervention that would best work in this setting. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to search, identify, and recommend effective interventions best suited to preserve and improve the mental wellbeing of incarcerated adolescents within the detention institution setting. The search was performed in Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve related publications released between 1970 and March 2021. The principal inclusion criteria were RCT articles issued in English that reported any mental health interventions performed in juvenile detention centers involving delinquent adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old. The search discovered 10 related articles that fulfilled the required inclusion criteria. In total, there were seven different types of mental health interventions used in all the studies. The three major themes identified among the selected studies are the interventions for coping strategies, risky behavior, and attention disorder among incarcerated adolescents. The efficacy of the interventions was dependent on the level of intelligence, duration of incarceration, risk of treatment diffusion, and depression symptoms among incarcerated adolescents. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention that is simple, brief, unique, and targets depressive symptoms, has the potential to be most efficacious in improving mental health among incarcerated adolescents.
与未被监禁的同龄人相比，在少年司法系统中被监禁的青少年更容易被诊断出精神健康状况不佳。由于拘留所的性质，在被监禁的青少年人群中进行心理健康干预的临床试验具有挑战性。本系统综述检查了随机临床试验(RCT)的现有文献，以评估全球被监禁青少年的心理健康干预措施，并确定在这种情况下最有效的干预类型。在这项研究中，进行了系统的回顾，以寻找、识别和推荐最适合保护和改善拘留机构环境中被监禁青少年心理健康的有效干预措施。在Medline中通过Ovid、Cochrane Library、Scopus和web of Science数据库进行检索，检索1970年至2021年3月之间发布的相关出版物。主要纳入标准是用英文发表的随机对照试验文章，这些文章报告了在少年拘留中心进行的涉及10至19岁犯罪青少年的任何心理健康干预措施。搜索发现了10篇符合要求的纳入标准的相关文章。总的来说，所有研究中使用了七种不同类型的心理健康干预措施。在选定的研究中确定的三个主要主题是对被监禁青少年的应对策略、危险行为和注意力障碍的干预。干预的效果取决于被监禁青少年的智力水平、监禁时间、治疗扩散的风险和抑郁症状。认知行为疗法(CBT)干预简单、简短、独特，针对抑郁症状，有可能最有效地改善被监禁青少年的心理健康。
{"title":"Mental Health Interventions in Juvenile Detention Institutions: A Systematic Review of What Works","authors":"Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam, Abid Nordin, P. S. K. Tok, Nik Daliana Nik Farid, M. Dahlui","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666211116163220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666211116163220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Incarcerated adolescents within the juvenile justice system are\u0000more likely to be diagnosed with poor mental health compared with their non-incarcerated\u0000peers. Conducting clinical trials on mental health interventions among an incarcerated\u0000adolescent population is challenging due to the nature of detention facilities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This systematic review examines available literature on Randomized Clinical\u0000Trials (RCT) done to assess mental health interventions among incarcerated adolescents\u0000globally and to determine the type of intervention that would best work in this setting. In\u0000this study, a systematic review was conducted to search, identify, and recommend effective\u0000interventions best suited to preserve and improve the mental wellbeing of incarcerated\u0000adolescents within the detention institution setting.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The search was performed in Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and\u0000Web of Science databases to retrieve related publications released between 1970 and March\u00002021. The principal inclusion criteria were RCT articles issued in English that reported any\u0000mental health interventions performed in juvenile detention centers involving delinquent\u0000adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The search discovered 10 related articles that fulfilled the required inclusion\u0000criteria. In total, there were seven different types of mental health interventions used in all\u0000the studies. The three major themes identified among the selected studies are the\u0000interventions for coping strategies, risky behavior, and attention disorder among\u0000incarcerated adolescents. The efficacy of the interventions was dependent on the level of\u0000intelligence, duration of incarceration, risk of treatment diffusion, and depression symptoms\u0000among incarcerated adolescents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention that is simple, brief, unique,\u0000and targets depressive symptoms, has the potential to be most efficacious in improving\u0000mental health among incarcerated adolescents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42389737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211116164115
Neda Mortaji, C. Savoy, K. Boylan, Bahar Amani, R. J. Lieshout
Mental disorders affect 20% of children and adolescents globally and are among the most chronic and costly problems affecting youth. Offspring exposure to maternal disorders (depression, anxiety, and/or stress) prenatally as well as in adolescence increases the risk of psychopathology in adolescence. Exposure to maternal distress in pregnancy, as well as in adolescence, has independently been linked to psychopathology in youth. However, our understanding of the cumulative effects of exposure to maternal distress over time remains incomplete. 1964 participants enrolled in the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) aged 12-17 years completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Maternal prenatal distress was defined as mother-reported depression and/or anxiety during pregnancy requiring treatment. Maternal concurrent distress was self-reported when offspring were 12-17 years of age using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We examined associations between increasing levels of exposure to maternal distress (no exposure, prenatal exposure only, concurrent exposure only, both prenatal and concurrent exposure) and the risk of psychiatric disorder in 12-17-year-olds. The odds of major depressive disorder (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01- 1.67) and ADHD (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.65) increased with increasing exposure to maternal distress. Associations between increasing levels of maternal distress and several psychiatric disorders were amplified in males. The accumulation of exposure to maternal distress over time predicts offspring psychopathology in adolescence and emphasizes the significance of the early detection of maternal distress and ongoing monitoring and intervention to reduce the burden of mental disorders in offspring.
{"title":"Cumulative Effects of Prenatal and Concurrent Maternal Distress on Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescent Offspring","authors":"Neda Mortaji, C. Savoy, K. Boylan, Bahar Amani, R. J. Lieshout","doi":"10.2174/2210676611666211116164115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611666211116164115","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorders affect 20% of children and adolescents\u0000globally and are among the most chronic and costly problems affecting youth.\u0000Offspring exposure to maternal disorders (depression, anxiety, and/or stress)\u0000prenatally as well as in adolescence increases the risk of psychopathology in\u0000adolescence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Exposure to maternal distress in pregnancy, as well as in adolescence,\u0000has independently been linked to psychopathology in youth. However, our\u0000understanding of the cumulative effects of exposure to maternal distress over time\u0000remains incomplete.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00001964 participants enrolled in the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study\u0000(OCHS) aged 12-17 years completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric\u0000Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Maternal prenatal distress\u0000was defined as mother-reported depression and/or anxiety during pregnancy\u0000requiring treatment. Maternal concurrent distress was self-reported when offspring\u0000were 12-17 years of age using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We\u0000examined associations between increasing levels of exposure to maternal distress\u0000(no exposure, prenatal exposure only, concurrent exposure only, both prenatal and\u0000concurrent exposure) and the risk of psychiatric disorder in 12-17-year-olds.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The odds of major depressive disorder (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01- 1.67) and\u0000ADHD (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.65) increased with increasing exposure to\u0000maternal distress. Associations between increasing levels of maternal distress and\u0000several psychiatric disorders were amplified in males.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The accumulation of exposure to maternal distress over time predicts\u0000offspring psychopathology in adolescence and emphasizes the significance of the\u0000early detection of maternal distress and ongoing monitoring and intervention to\u0000reduce the burden of mental disorders in offspring.","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211105115828
X. Benarous, P. Morales, C. Cravero, Barbara Jakubowicz, N. Bourvis, D. Cohen, Y. Edel
We aimed to document the clinical rates and correlates of problematic substance use among adolescent inpatients. Adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care are likely to present family and social risk factors making them at high-risk of substance use disorder To document the rates, clinical correlates and effects on therapeutic outcomes of associated problematic substance use in adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care. The DEP-ADO questionnaire was used to systematically screen out problematic substance use in two 12-18 adolescent inpatient units between January 2017 and December 2018. Inpatients screened positively based on the DEP-ADO questionnaire and/or information gathered from repeated interviews with the youth and his/her family were reported to the liaison addiction unit for diagnosis. Chart-review procedure was used to document clinical correlates (i.e., suicidal behavior, DSM-5 psychiatric diagnoses, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity score) and therapeutic outcomes (i.e., the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score, change in Children-Global Assessment Scale score during patients’ stay and length of stay). Over two years, 150 adolescents completed the DEP-ADO questionnaire (Mean Age =14.7 ± 1.7; 42% girls). Thirty percent of adolescent inpatients reported some type of problematic substance use, with a higher likelihood of daily tobacco use (OR=2.4), regular cannabis use (OR=2.3) and occasional opioid/heroin use (OR=9.8) compared to general population. Adolescent inpatients who misused illegal substance prior admission were 2.5 times more likely to report suicidal behaviors. A strong association was reported between binge drinking behavior and a discharge diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR=11.0). Therapeutic outcomes were not statistically different with regards to alcohol or illicit substance use status. Inpatient adolescents were at high-risk of having associated problematic substance use. Patients with co-existing problematics seem to have more severe and chronic forms of mood disturbances, although the response rate to therapeutics provided during their stay were not lower compared to their counterparts without problematic substance use.
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