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Abstinence vs. Harm Reduction for Youth with Substance Use Disorders: “You Can’t Always Get What You Want” 戒断与减少青少年物质使用障碍的危害:“你不可能总是得到你想要的”
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.2174/2210676610666200327164503
Y. Kaminer, K. Bagot
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引用次数: 0
Maternal Awareness of Adolescent Bullying Victimization in a Low-Income Context 母亲对低收入背景下青少年欺凌受害者的认识
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190808094820
Marlene A. Vieira, B. Handegård, J. Rønning, C. S. Duarte, J. Mari, I. Bordin
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a representative sample of in-school adolescents (n=669, 11-15-years) living in Itaboraí city, Brazil (mean age±SE: 13.01±0.07 years; 51.7% females). A 3-stage probabilistic sampling procedure (random selection of census units, eligible households and target child) generated sampling weights. Trained lay interviewers individually applied semi-structured questionnaires to mothers and adolescents in the households. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined factors potentially influencing maternal perception of bullying victimization experienced by her son/daughter: adolescent gender and age, adolescent self-perceived bullying victimization, exposure to severe physical punishment by parents, internalizing/externalizing behaviour problems identified by the Youth Self-Report/YSR, maternal education and maternal anxiety/depression identified by the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire/SRQ-20.
方法:这项横断面研究涉及生活在巴西伊塔博拉市的在校青少年(n=669,11-15岁)的代表性样本(平均年龄±SE:13.01±0.07岁;51.7%为女性)。三阶段概率抽样程序(随机选择人口普查单位、符合条件的家庭和目标儿童)产生了抽样权重。经过培训的非专业访谈员分别对家庭中的母亲和青少年进行半结构化问卷调查。多变量逻辑回归分析考察了可能影响母亲对其儿子/女儿遭受欺凌的感知的因素:青少年性别和年龄、青少年自我感知的欺凌受害、父母遭受严重体罚、青少年自我报告/YSR确定的内化/外化行为问题,通过20项自我报告问卷/SRQ-20确定的母亲教育和母亲焦虑/抑郁。
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引用次数: 2
Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年边缘人格特征量表法语版的心理测量特性
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190820145256
K. Ensink, Michaël Bégin, Judith Kotiuga, C. Sharp, L. Normandin
The Borderline Personality Feature Scale for Children (BPFS-C) iscurrently the only dimensional measure of child and adolescent borderline features and theEnglish version has been shown to have good psychometric properties. To extend the use ofthis measure with French speaking adolescents, it is essential to examine the reliability andvalidity of the French BPFS-C.The present study sought to assess the psychometric properties of the FrenchBPFS-C.A community sample of 394 adolescents and young adults completed the BorderlinePersonality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C), as well as the Million AdolescentClinical Inventory (MACI) borderline tendency subscale, the Child Behavior Checklist-Youth Self-Report (CBCL-YSR) and the Beck Youth Inventories (BYI).The findings show that both the long and short French BPFS-C have good internalconsistency and convergent validity. Affect regulation, identity, relationship difficulties andself-harm were found to be closely inter-connected rather than distinct factors.The findings indicate that both long and short versions of French BPFS-C havegood psychometric properties and provide preliminary evidence that the total scores are reliableand valid indicators of borderline personality features in adolescents and young adults.
儿童边缘性人格特征量表(BPFS-C)是目前衡量儿童和青少年边缘性特征的唯一维度,英文版已被证明具有良好的心理测量特性。为了将这一测量方法推广到法语青少年,有必要检查法语BPFS-C的可靠性和有效性。本研究试图评估法语BPFS-CA的心理测量特性。394名青少年和年轻人的社区样本完成了儿童边缘人格特征量表(BPFS-C),以及百万青少年临床量表(MACI)临界倾向分量表、儿童行为量表青少年自我报告(CBCL-YSR)和贝克青少年量表(BYI)。情感调节、身份认同、关系困难和自我伤害是密切相关的,而不是不同的因素。研究结果表明,法语BPFS-C的长版和短版都具有良好的心理测量特性,并提供了初步证据,证明总分是青少年和年轻人边缘人格特征的可靠和有效指标。
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引用次数: 6
Trauma and Black Male Adolescents: A Critical Link 创伤和黑人男性青少年:一个关键环节
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190617143509
Gilbert Singletary
By the year 2020, children of color will become the majority ofthose 18 years of age and under in United States. There is a dearth of research that investigatesthe developmental trajectories of children of color, especially those who live in communitieswhere they are exposed to traumatic events. African American males reared in povertyand/or living in violent communities are an especially vulnerable group.This paper examines the unique experiences of Black male adolescents and theiremotional, psychological, and neurobiological responses to trauma.Trauma has multifaceted effects on the lives of Black males. Behavioral disturbancescan result in exclusion from school, leading to further traumatization and deprivation.Much of what appears to be antisocial behavior is in fact adaptive response to living in violentcommunities. It is important to consider the role of this complex interweaving of circumstancesin understanding the development of this vulnerable group.
到2020年,有色人种儿童将成为美国18岁及以下儿童中的大多数。关于有色人种儿童的发展轨迹的研究很少,尤其是那些生活在遭受创伤事件的社区的儿童。在贫困和/或暴力社区中长大的非裔美国男性是一个特别脆弱的群体。本文研究了黑人男性青少年的独特经历以及他们对创伤的情感、心理和神经生物学反应。创伤对黑人男性的生活有着多方面的影响。行为障碍可能导致被学校排斥,导致进一步的创伤和剥夺。许多看似反社会的行为实际上是对生活在暴力社区的适应性反应。在理解这一弱势群体的发展过程中,考虑这种复杂的环境交织的作用是很重要的。
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引用次数: 4
Should Adolescents be Screened for Depression? 青少年是否应该接受抑郁症筛查?
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.2174/221067661001200413093510
L. Flaherty
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引用次数: 1
Substance Use in Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department 急诊科青少年的物质使用
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/2210676608666181015114220
Edore Onigu-Otite, Miju Kurtzweil, V. Tucci, N. Moukaddam
Adolescent substance use is a dynamic public health problem.Adolescence is a unique developmental period involving overlapping biological,psychological, and social factors which increase the rates of initiation of substance use. Thedeveloping adolescent brain is particularly susceptible to the effects of substances and mostadults with substance use disorders began to have symptoms and problems in theiradolescent years. Yet, for various reasons, most adolescents who use, misuse, abuse, or areaddicted to substances do not perceive the need for treatment.Drug and alcohol use among adolescents is a common presentation in hospitalEmergency Departments (EDs) and presents in different forms including in association withintoxication, withdrawal states, or trauma associated with drug-related events. For manyadolescents with substance use, the Emergency Department (ED) is the first point of contactwith medical personnel and thus also serves as a potential entry point into treatment.This article reviews the common ways drug and alcohol problems present in theED, clinical assessment of the patient and family, screening, laboratory testing, briefinterventions in the ED, and referral to treatment beyond the ED.Guidelines on how to manage the shifting terrain of adolescent substance usepresenting in EDs across the nation continue to evolve. We highlight that considerablefurther research is needed to inform effective ED protocols to address this importantindividual and public health safety concern. Systems of care models which includecollaborative teams of diverse stake holders are needed to effectively manage adolescentswith substance use disorders.
青少年药物使用是一个动态的公共卫生问题。青春期是一个独特的发育时期,涉及重叠的生物、心理和社会因素,这些因素增加了开始使用药物的比率。发育中的青少年大脑特别容易受到物质的影响,大多数患有物质使用障碍的成年人在青少年时期就开始出现症状和问题。然而,由于各种原因,大多数使用、误用、滥用或成瘾物质的青少年没有意识到治疗的必要性。青少年吸毒和酗酒是医院急诊科(EDs)的常见表现,其表现形式不同,包括与中毒、戒断状态或与药物相关事件相关的创伤有关。对于许多使用药物的青少年来说,急诊科(ED)是与医务人员接触的第一个点,因此也可以作为进入治疗的潜在切入点。本文回顾了急诊科出现的药物和酒精问题的常见方式,患者和家属的临床评估,筛查,实验室测试,急诊科的简短干预,以及在急诊科如何管理全国急诊科青少年药物使用变化的指导方针之外的转诊治疗。我们强调,需要大量的进一步研究来告知有效的ED方案,以解决这一重要的个人和公共健康安全问题。需要包括由不同利益攸关方组成的协作团队在内的护理模式系统,以有效管理患有物质使用障碍的青少年。
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引用次数: 1
Managing Acute Agitation and Psychotic Symptoms in the Emergency Department 急诊科急性躁动和精神病症状的处理
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666191015123943
N. Moukaddam, Raymond Choi, V. Tucci
It is fairly common for adolescents with a presentingproblem of acute agitation to present to the Emergency Department. These patients presentchallenges with respect to both differential diagnosis and management. Furthermore, withmany adolescents having extended stays in emergency departments, it is important for EDphysicians to have a basic familiarity with diagnosis and treatment.In this paper, we present a primer on the conditions underlying acute agitation andreview approaches to management in the emergency department.Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are distinct from otherconditions presenting with psychotic symptoms, which can range from depression to substanceuse to non-psychiatric medical conditions. Agitation, a state of excessive verbal andphysical activity, can accompany any of these conditions. Unlike the case for adults, practiceguidelines do not exist, and there is no fully agreed upon expert consensus yet. Emergencyphysicians should have a working knowledge of antipsychotic medications and need to considerpharmacological as well as non-pharmacological treatments for optimal management.
对于有急性躁动问题的青少年来说,去急诊科就诊是很常见的。这些患者在鉴别诊断和管理方面都面临挑战。此外,由于许多青少年在急诊室待了很长时间,急诊科医生对诊断和治疗有基本的熟悉是很重要的。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了急性躁动的基本情况,以及急诊科的管理方法。精神障碍,如精神分裂症,与其他表现为精神病症状的疾病不同,这些疾病可以从抑郁症到物质滥用,也可以是非精神疾病。激动,一种过度言语和身体活动的状态,可以伴随任何这些情况。与成年人的情况不同,实践指南并不存在,也没有完全一致的专家共识。急救医生应具备抗精神病药物的工作知识,并需要考虑药物和非药物治疗,以实现最佳管理。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Crises in Teenage Pregnancy 解决少女怀孕危机
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190531102808
Osarumen Nicole Doghor, Faith O Nomamiukor, Efe Okotcha, Edore Onigu-Otite
Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health concern with medical,psychiatric, and social implications. Within this population, there is an elevated rate ofco-occurring psychiatric conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidality,and substance use. However, little is known about the assessment and treatment of adolescentpregnancy within the context of these co-occurring psychiatric conditions, particularlyin an emergency situation.This article utilizes a case report to illustrate the challenges faced in consultativepsychiatry in the assessment and treatment of a pregnant suicidal youth with a complex psychosocialhistory. Topics addressed include: 1) The role of childhood trauma and suicidalityin adolescent pregnancy 2) A consideration of the risks and benefits of treating adolescentswith psychotropics during pregnancy.A literature search was performed with the key words of adolescent, pregnancy,child sexual abuse and psychiatric illness. In addition, expert opinions of a reproductive psychiatristand a psychiatrist who had specialized in addiction and adolescents were enlisted onkey aspects of the case formulation and treatment.Several studies were found that focused on depression, substance abuse and traumain adolescent pregnancy. There were more studies that looked at psychopharmacologicaltreatment in adult pregnant women and a few that focused on adolescents.Addressing the crisis of psychiatric illness in adolescent pregnancy requires athorough approach in understanding the severity of the illness and the contribution of childabuse and suicidality. Psychotherapeutic interventions are most certainly always necessaryand beneficial when dealing with this population. Deciding when to start and maintain medicationduring pregnancy should be individualized, with considerations of the risks of untreatedillness and of medication exposure.
青少年怀孕是一个重大的公共卫生问题,具有医学、精神病学和社会影响。在这一人群中,同时发生包括情绪障碍、焦虑症、自杀和药物使用在内的精神疾病的比率较高。然而,在这些共同发生的精神疾病的背景下,特别是在紧急情况下,对青少年怀孕的评估和治疗知之甚少。本文利用一个案例报告来说明咨询精神病学在评估和治疗具有复杂心理社会史的怀孕自杀青年时所面临的挑战。讨论的主题包括:1)童年创伤和自杀倾向在青少年怀孕中的作用2)考虑在怀孕期间使用精神药物治疗青少年的风险和益处。以青少年、怀孕、儿童性虐待、精神疾病为关键词进行文献检索。此外,在案例制定和治疗的关键方面,还征求了生殖精神病学家和专门研究成瘾和青少年的精神病学家的专家意见。有几项研究的重点是抑郁症、药物滥用和青少年怀孕的创伤。有更多的研究关注成年孕妇的精神药理学治疗,还有一些研究关注青少年。要解决少女怀孕期间的精神疾病危机,就需要彻底了解疾病的严重程度以及虐待儿童和自杀的原因。在处理这类人群时,心理治疗干预当然总是必要和有益的。在怀孕期间决定何时开始和维持药物治疗应该是个体化的,要考虑到未治疗的疾病和药物暴露的风险。
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引用次数: 2
“Medical Clearance” of Psychiatric Patients in the Emergency Department 急诊科精神病人的“医学证明
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666191015123100
G. Santillanes, Edore Onigu-Otite, V. Tucci, N. Moukaddam
DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666191015123100 Abstract: Background & Aims: The past few years have seen an increase in the number of children and adolescents presenting to emergency departments with mental health complaints, including, but not limited to, depression, suicidality, and substance use-related conditions. This places many demands on the emergency physicians ranging from evaluating medical stability (also known as medical clearance) to arranging for psychiatric are, be it inpatient or outpatient. The goals of this article are to describe the current landscape of emergency care for the pediatric patient presenting with mental health issues and to highlight gaps in the current system.
摘要:背景与目的:在过去的几年里,儿童和青少年因心理健康问题向急诊科就诊的人数有所增加,包括但不限于抑郁症、自杀和药物使用相关疾病。这对急诊医生提出了许多要求,从评估医疗稳定性(也称为医疗证明)到安排住院或门诊的精神病治疗。这篇文章的目的是描述当前的景观急诊护理儿科患者呈现的精神健康问题,并突出差距,在目前的系统。
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引用次数: 1
Emergency Management in Eating Disorders 饮食失调的应急管理
IF 0.4 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190730093039
Heather E. Needham, E. Ferguson, Darcie M. Takemoto, Sindhu Idicula
Eating disorders commonly present during the adolescent andyoung adult years, and are complex in that they are a group of psychiatric diagnoses withmedical complications.The diagnosis of an eating disorder can often go undetected while a patient is beingevaluated for organic causes of weight loss. Anorexia nervosa, in particular, has thehighest mortality rate of any psychiatric diagnosis. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manualof Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5), there are several diagnoses that are classified aseating or feeding disorders.This article will discuss anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, with a focus onmedical and psychiatric emergencies that are important for primary care providers to keep inmind when caring for adolescents and young adults.
饮食失调通常出现在青少年和青年时期,其复杂性在于它们是一组伴有医疗并发症的精神病诊断。在评估患者体重减轻的器质性原因时,饮食失调的诊断往往无法被发现。尤其是神经性厌食症,是所有精神病诊断中死亡率最高的。在《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第5版(DSM-5)中,有几种诊断被归类为进食或进食障碍。本文将讨论神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症,重点关注医疗和精神紧急情况,这对初级保健提供者在照顾青少年和年轻人时保持警惕很重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Adolescent Psychiatry
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