Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2147755
Lawrence Taylor
ABSTRACT The article analyzes the cases in which planned and executed overflights of the Canadian Arctic by foreign expeditions during the interwar period (1919–1939) appeared to challenge Canada’s sovereignty in the region. Aviation offered a potent tool for exploring the unknown expanses in the Arctic Basin but also threatened Canada’s ability to exert sovereign control over the areas it claimed as its own. Though having a minimal effect in terms of violating Canada’s territorial sovereignty and airspace, the foreign overflights contributed to a shift in Canada’s attitude regarding the North and the perceived need to adopt additional measures to strengthen its control over the region. Instead of attempting to bolster its meager military presence in the area, it chose to rely on diplomacy, the continued strengthening of RCMP units in the Territories, and the enactment of laws to regulate the entrance of foreigners into the zone.
{"title":"Foreign Overflights in the Canadian Arctic and the Defense of National Sovereignty in the Region, 1923-1937","authors":"Lawrence Taylor","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2147755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2147755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyzes the cases in which planned and executed overflights of the Canadian Arctic by foreign expeditions during the interwar period (1919–1939) appeared to challenge Canada’s sovereignty in the region. Aviation offered a potent tool for exploring the unknown expanses in the Arctic Basin but also threatened Canada’s ability to exert sovereign control over the areas it claimed as its own. Though having a minimal effect in terms of violating Canada’s territorial sovereignty and airspace, the foreign overflights contributed to a shift in Canada’s attitude regarding the North and the perceived need to adopt additional measures to strengthen its control over the region. Instead of attempting to bolster its meager military presence in the area, it chose to rely on diplomacy, the continued strengthening of RCMP units in the Territories, and the enactment of laws to regulate the entrance of foreigners into the zone.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"465 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46111383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2150927
Stephen Azzi, N. Hillmer
ABSTRACT A systematic examination of all available Canadian polling data from the early 1960s to the early 2020s demonstrates that Canadians’ opinion of the United States president influences their views of the United States. The data reveals that Canadians are open to presidents of both parties but oppose Democratic or Republican chief executives who are seen to fight unnecessary wars or undermine democratic institutions. A strongly positive view of the president strengthens Canadians’ faith in the US and a deeply negative perspective weakens it. Yet Canadians are also able to distinguish between Americans and their president. Despite their disapproval of George W. Bush, Canadians continued to hold favorable ideas about the United States while he was president. Donald Trump challenged Canada’s confidence in the United States as no other president has, but many Canadians, though a minority, remained well-disposed toward the US. The article considers the scholarly consensus that anti-American imagery and sentiments are tightly woven into Canadian history and society but finds in the survey data no evidence of a persistent or generalized anti-Americanism in Canada.
{"title":"The Presidents and the Polls, 1963-2021: An Inquiry into Canadian Anti-Americanism","authors":"Stephen Azzi, N. Hillmer","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2150927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2150927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A systematic examination of all available Canadian polling data from the early 1960s to the early 2020s demonstrates that Canadians’ opinion of the United States president influences their views of the United States. The data reveals that Canadians are open to presidents of both parties but oppose Democratic or Republican chief executives who are seen to fight unnecessary wars or undermine democratic institutions. A strongly positive view of the president strengthens Canadians’ faith in the US and a deeply negative perspective weakens it. Yet Canadians are also able to distinguish between Americans and their president. Despite their disapproval of George W. Bush, Canadians continued to hold favorable ideas about the United States while he was president. Donald Trump challenged Canada’s confidence in the United States as no other president has, but many Canadians, though a minority, remained well-disposed toward the US. The article considers the scholarly consensus that anti-American imagery and sentiments are tightly woven into Canadian history and society but finds in the survey data no evidence of a persistent or generalized anti-Americanism in Canada.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"381 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2148054
Dominique Brégent-Heald
,
，
{"title":"Screening Nature and Nation: The Environmental Documentaries of the National Film Board, 1939–1974","authors":"Dominique Brégent-Heald","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2148054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2148054","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"512 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2148053
Margaret A. Lowe
would be familiar in New York or indeed Tokyo. Ross tells the story well. Illustrations help bring things alive, and the outlines of successive narratives emerge clearly. As a geographer, I would have liked some maps—of the street itself, with building footprints, and of its setting. A more serious limitation is that Ross makes little attempt to compare Yonge Street, and Toronto, with their Canadian and American counterparts. He knows, and cites, a wider literature, but the narrative remains local. Toronto was unusual. Using data reported by Jeffrey Patterson (1993), I estimate that between 1948 and 1973 Toronto spent only $7 per person of federal urban renewal funds, the lowest of any major Canadian city. Only Vancouver rivaled this; the figures for Montreal ($11), Ottawa ($34), Hamilton ($46), not to mention Saint John, New Brunswick ($180), were higher. Moreover, unlike Hamilton, for example, those funds were mostly spent on public housing projects away from the city’s core. These, and other, comparisons would have helped clarify the distinctiveness of Toronto’s experience. But it’s always easy to quibble. I’m thankful for what Ross has given us. Now, we need more historical studies of Canadian downtowns, and especially of ones like The Heart of Toronto, that are well-informed and solidly grounded in the particularities of an urban place.
{"title":"Just the Usual Work: The Social Worlds of Ida Martin, Working-Class Diarist","authors":"Margaret A. Lowe","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2148053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2148053","url":null,"abstract":"would be familiar in New York or indeed Tokyo. Ross tells the story well. Illustrations help bring things alive, and the outlines of successive narratives emerge clearly. As a geographer, I would have liked some maps—of the street itself, with building footprints, and of its setting. A more serious limitation is that Ross makes little attempt to compare Yonge Street, and Toronto, with their Canadian and American counterparts. He knows, and cites, a wider literature, but the narrative remains local. Toronto was unusual. Using data reported by Jeffrey Patterson (1993), I estimate that between 1948 and 1973 Toronto spent only $7 per person of federal urban renewal funds, the lowest of any major Canadian city. Only Vancouver rivaled this; the figures for Montreal ($11), Ottawa ($34), Hamilton ($46), not to mention Saint John, New Brunswick ($180), were higher. Moreover, unlike Hamilton, for example, those funds were mostly spent on public housing projects away from the city’s core. These, and other, comparisons would have helped clarify the distinctiveness of Toronto’s experience. But it’s always easy to quibble. I’m thankful for what Ross has given us. Now, we need more historical studies of Canadian downtowns, and especially of ones like The Heart of Toronto, that are well-informed and solidly grounded in the particularities of an urban place.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"505 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2154309
P. Twohig
Duffin estimates that 55 vaccines were in development and some, such as the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were entirely novel. These are minor quibbles since Duffin works to her strengths as an historian and maintains a clear focus on the science, medicine, and public health responses to COVID-19. Duffin then turns to the science and medicine of COVID, including topics like testing, treatments, and the development of vaccines. [Extracted from the article]
{"title":"COVID-19: A History","authors":"P. Twohig","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2154309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2154309","url":null,"abstract":"Duffin estimates that 55 vaccines were in development and some, such as the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were entirely novel. These are minor quibbles since Duffin works to her strengths as an historian and maintains a clear focus on the science, medicine, and public health responses to COVID-19. Duffin then turns to the science and medicine of COVID, including topics like testing, treatments, and the development of vaccines. [Extracted from the article]","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"502 - 503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41840573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2148055
Cameron Tardif
{"title":"Unsettling the Great White North: Black Canadian History","authors":"Cameron Tardif","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2148055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2148055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"510 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42202269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2147756
Holly Ann Garnett, Scott Pruysers, L. Young, William P Cross
ABSTRACT Monetary donations from individuals have become the lifeblood of electoral and partisan politics in Canada, yet we know remarkably little about who these donors are, what motivates them to give, and whether their interactions are primarily with national or local party organizations. This article reports findings from a survey of donors to federal-level political parties in Canada. Our analysis identifies two distinct sets of motivations for donating to parties and candidates: political and transactional. We find that donors are more likely to report stronger political motivations than transactional ones. In general, donors expressing high political motivations tended to be older and less wealthy, but we also note that the strength of the political motivation does not relate to specific donor behaviors.
{"title":"Lifeblood of the Party: Motivations for Political Donations in Canada","authors":"Holly Ann Garnett, Scott Pruysers, L. Young, William P Cross","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2147756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2147756","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Monetary donations from individuals have become the lifeblood of electoral and partisan politics in Canada, yet we know remarkably little about who these donors are, what motivates them to give, and whether their interactions are primarily with national or local party organizations. This article reports findings from a survey of donors to federal-level political parties in Canada. Our analysis identifies two distinct sets of motivations for donating to parties and candidates: political and transactional. We find that donors are more likely to report stronger political motivations than transactional ones. In general, donors expressing high political motivations tended to be older and less wealthy, but we also note that the strength of the political motivation does not relate to specific donor behaviors.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"422 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49492313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2143710
Kait Pinder
ABSTRACT Margaret Laurence’s The Fire-Dwellers (1969) meditates on episodes of racialized and colonial violence occurring around the world as the news brings images of the Vietnam War and shootings of African American men into Stacey MacAindra’s Canadian home. This article assesses what Laurence called the novel’s “audio-visual” form. It reads the descriptions of TV reports and newspaper photographs in the novel alongside Judith Butler’s and Susan Sontag’s writing on war photography and Caroline Levine’s recent work on literary forms. Contextualizing Laurence’s central metaphor of the house on fire in the mass-mediated reception of “television’s war” and Canadian responses to violence in Vietnam and the United States, the article examines the debate over ethical witnessing embedded in the novel’s preoccupation with what John Berger called “photographs of agony” and argues that The Fire-Dwellers is an important text for scholars involved in the current reappraisal of Laurence as a political writer.
{"title":"Margaret Laurence’s Living-Room War: Bringing Violence Home in The Fire-Dwellers","authors":"Kait Pinder","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2143710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2143710","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Margaret Laurence’s The Fire-Dwellers (1969) meditates on episodes of racialized and colonial violence occurring around the world as the news brings images of the Vietnam War and shootings of African American men into Stacey MacAindra’s Canadian home. This article assesses what Laurence called the novel’s “audio-visual” form. It reads the descriptions of TV reports and newspaper photographs in the novel alongside Judith Butler’s and Susan Sontag’s writing on war photography and Caroline Levine’s recent work on literary forms. Contextualizing Laurence’s central metaphor of the house on fire in the mass-mediated reception of “television’s war” and Canadian responses to violence in Vietnam and the United States, the article examines the debate over ethical witnessing embedded in the novel’s preoccupation with what John Berger called “photographs of agony” and argues that The Fire-Dwellers is an important text for scholars involved in the current reappraisal of Laurence as a political writer.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"402 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2147743
S. Neilson
ABSTRACT With a constantly evolving and newly erupting menu of scandals over the period extending from 2015 to the present, a sense of crisis has been instilled in Canadian literature. Whither CanLit? These continually unfolding scandals have pushed some scholars to respond through various attempts at inventory-taking. This article asks: are the kinds of inventory-taking the field is conducting somehow paradoxically deleterious? Is shame as an affect a productive way for processing and healing trauma? Does the current solution to unfolding scandals in the industry of Canadian literature, that of waging shame, actually preclude the resolution of scandal? Does waging shame reinforce the process of trauma itself? Is there some kind of misapprehension of shame as an affect in literary and cultural studies that might be augmented with a more medical understanding of the effects of shame on human beings? In short, what happens when shame becomes a disciplinary identity?
{"title":"“Spoiled Identity” and “The Frozen Now”: Rebalancing “The Trouble” in CanLit with the Medical Conceptualization of Shame","authors":"S. Neilson","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2147743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2147743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With a constantly evolving and newly erupting menu of scandals over the period extending from 2015 to the present, a sense of crisis has been instilled in Canadian literature. Whither CanLit? These continually unfolding scandals have pushed some scholars to respond through various attempts at inventory-taking. This article asks: are the kinds of inventory-taking the field is conducting somehow paradoxically deleterious? Is shame as an affect a productive way for processing and healing trauma? Does the current solution to unfolding scandals in the industry of Canadian literature, that of waging shame, actually preclude the resolution of scandal? Does waging shame reinforce the process of trauma itself? Is there some kind of misapprehension of shame as an affect in literary and cultural studies that might be augmented with a more medical understanding of the effects of shame on human beings? In short, what happens when shame becomes a disciplinary identity?","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"484 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2022.2148052
R. Harris
culturally in Europe and North America” (78). Recommendations about masking changed, creating an opening for dissenters to claim that the science was wrong, or at least uncertain. Not wearing a mask became a political statement in some parts of the world. Duffin provides a short history of quarantine before moving on to the issue of lockdowns. Throughout the book, she does an excellent job of briefly pointing out the different approaches taken in different countries, noting how “Lessons from the pandemic kept coming” (86). When she turns her attention to “the tangled weeds of therapeutics” (106), moving quickly through various treatments, Duffin’s clinical knowledge is on full display. She describes the necessary interventions such as intubations and takes us through the story of treatments. She provides enough detail for a non-clinician to understand each one, while showing the clinical consequences of public debate. For example, following U.S. President Donald Trump’s endorsement of hydroxychloroquine in March 2020, shortages were reported and this had consequences for people with lupus or arthritis, who use the drug to alleviate their symptoms. Concurrent with the push for therapeutics was the development of vaccines, which is described as “a remarkable scientific success story” (111). Duffin estimates that 55 vaccines were in development and some, such as the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were entirely novel. In the space of a few short months, vaccines were available in some countries. In the final section of the book, Duffin uses selective examples to provide an analysis of subsequent-wave infections and new variants. The book ends with the rapid spread of omicron. As the case numbers piled up, the system of tracking and testing strained under the weight of this variant. The response to omicron was, to say the least, not as robust as in the initial wave of the pandemic. China, which continued its policy of firm lockdowns, was the exception. Elsewhere, mask restrictions were lifted, initially for people who were vaccinated, and then for everyone. Businesses re-opened and people were told that they had to learn to “live with COVID-19 and learn to accept a few deaths” (193). The pandemic is, of course, not over. Declarations to the contrary reflect the perspective that COVID-19 could be controlled, even if there was an ongoing social cost. Although there will be other histories of the pandemic, I am confident that Duffin’s analysis will occupy an important place in the historiography of COVID-19 for years to come.
{"title":"The Heart of Toronto: Corporate Power, Civic Activism, and the Remaking of Downtown Yonge Street","authors":"R. Harris","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2022.2148052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2022.2148052","url":null,"abstract":"culturally in Europe and North America” (78). Recommendations about masking changed, creating an opening for dissenters to claim that the science was wrong, or at least uncertain. Not wearing a mask became a political statement in some parts of the world. Duffin provides a short history of quarantine before moving on to the issue of lockdowns. Throughout the book, she does an excellent job of briefly pointing out the different approaches taken in different countries, noting how “Lessons from the pandemic kept coming” (86). When she turns her attention to “the tangled weeds of therapeutics” (106), moving quickly through various treatments, Duffin’s clinical knowledge is on full display. She describes the necessary interventions such as intubations and takes us through the story of treatments. She provides enough detail for a non-clinician to understand each one, while showing the clinical consequences of public debate. For example, following U.S. President Donald Trump’s endorsement of hydroxychloroquine in March 2020, shortages were reported and this had consequences for people with lupus or arthritis, who use the drug to alleviate their symptoms. Concurrent with the push for therapeutics was the development of vaccines, which is described as “a remarkable scientific success story” (111). Duffin estimates that 55 vaccines were in development and some, such as the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were entirely novel. In the space of a few short months, vaccines were available in some countries. In the final section of the book, Duffin uses selective examples to provide an analysis of subsequent-wave infections and new variants. The book ends with the rapid spread of omicron. As the case numbers piled up, the system of tracking and testing strained under the weight of this variant. The response to omicron was, to say the least, not as robust as in the initial wave of the pandemic. China, which continued its policy of firm lockdowns, was the exception. Elsewhere, mask restrictions were lifted, initially for people who were vaccinated, and then for everyone. Businesses re-opened and people were told that they had to learn to “live with COVID-19 and learn to accept a few deaths” (193). The pandemic is, of course, not over. Declarations to the contrary reflect the perspective that COVID-19 could be controlled, even if there was an ongoing social cost. Although there will be other histories of the pandemic, I am confident that Duffin’s analysis will occupy an important place in the historiography of COVID-19 for years to come.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"503 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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