Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672653
J. H. Zhou, X. Ge, X. Zhang, X. Q. Gao, Y. Liu
A 5 MWp PV solar power station will be installed in a remote area of China. This new system may contribute to addressing the area's serious electricity shortage, while also minimizing damage to the environment. The PV station consists of photovoltaic generation system and battery energy storage system, which combine with the existing small-hydro facility to form an autonomous hybrid generation system. In this system, the small-hydro works in V/f control mode, the PV and battery storage systems work in P/Q control mode to make full use of solar energy and reduce the amount of water and diesel used. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the stability of the hybrid system using a PSCAD simulation. Reasonable measures and recommendations are proposed based on these results.
{"title":"Stability simulation of a MW-scale PV-small hydro autonomous hybrid system","authors":"J. H. Zhou, X. Ge, X. Zhang, X. Q. Gao, Y. Liu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672653","url":null,"abstract":"A 5 MWp PV solar power station will be installed in a remote area of China. This new system may contribute to addressing the area's serious electricity shortage, while also minimizing damage to the environment. The PV station consists of photovoltaic generation system and battery energy storage system, which combine with the existing small-hydro facility to form an autonomous hybrid generation system. In this system, the small-hydro works in V/f control mode, the PV and battery storage systems work in P/Q control mode to make full use of solar energy and reduce the amount of water and diesel used. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the stability of the hybrid system using a PSCAD simulation. Reasonable measures and recommendations are proposed based on these results.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672729
S. Biswas, F. Shariatzadeh, Rory Beckstrom, A. Srivastava
With ongoing efforts to upgrade the traditional electric power system into a smart grid, emphasis is on the integration of state-of-the-art computer based online monitoring and control tools along with advanced communication technology. However, testing and validation of these devices and algorithms are required before implementation in a physical grid. New testing and validation method needs to be developed in a simulated environment in a lab. This paper discusses some of the applications of the “smart grid test bed” developed at the “Smart Grid Development and Research Investigation Lab (SGDRIL)” at Washington State University. The specific applications discussed in this paper include synchrophasor device testing, microgrid reconfiguration, voltage stability and vulnerability analysis.
{"title":"Real time testing and validation of Smart Grid devices and algorithms","authors":"S. Biswas, F. Shariatzadeh, Rory Beckstrom, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672729","url":null,"abstract":"With ongoing efforts to upgrade the traditional electric power system into a smart grid, emphasis is on the integration of state-of-the-art computer based online monitoring and control tools along with advanced communication technology. However, testing and validation of these devices and algorithms are required before implementation in a physical grid. New testing and validation method needs to be developed in a simulated environment in a lab. This paper discusses some of the applications of the “smart grid test bed” developed at the “Smart Grid Development and Research Investigation Lab (SGDRIL)” at Washington State University. The specific applications discussed in this paper include synchrophasor device testing, microgrid reconfiguration, voltage stability and vulnerability analysis.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125946536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672666
M. Asprou, E. Kyriakides, M. Albu
The measurement chain of the power system consists of various components introducing their associated uncertainty to the measured quantity. Although, it is important to identify and quantify the individual uncertainties of the measurement chain components and consequently the combined measurement chain uncertainty, it is nearly impossible to do this for all the components. In this paper a simplified measurement chain is considered that consists of the instrument transformer and the measurement device. The importance of considering the accuracy class of the instrument transformer is underlined by examining the effect of the instrument transformer accuracy class on the performance of a conventional and a hybrid state estimator performance. The two state estimators are used in the IEEE 118 bus system.
{"title":"The effect of instrument transformer accuracy class on the WLS state estimator accuracy","authors":"M. Asprou, E. Kyriakides, M. Albu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672666","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement chain of the power system consists of various components introducing their associated uncertainty to the measured quantity. Although, it is important to identify and quantify the individual uncertainties of the measurement chain components and consequently the combined measurement chain uncertainty, it is nearly impossible to do this for all the components. In this paper a simplified measurement chain is considered that consists of the instrument transformer and the measurement device. The importance of considering the accuracy class of the instrument transformer is underlined by examining the effect of the instrument transformer accuracy class on the performance of a conventional and a hybrid state estimator performance. The two state estimators are used in the IEEE 118 bus system.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126015057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672475
C. Adika, Lingfeng Wang
The advancement of renewable energy technologies has offered an opportunity for most governments to regulate the utility grid and lower energy costs. Through government driven demand side management programs, policies have been developed that generally encourage the development of customer centered microgrids. Some of the incentives offered to energy users include provision of cash rebates for installation of wind turbines, availing free or subsidized photovoltaic (PV) panels to customers and through offering renewable energy credits to the consumers. These microgrids are connected to the main utility grid where there is a two way exchange of power. However, proper mechanisms must be put in place to regulate the interaction between the main grid and the microgrids. Among the critical issues that need to be addressed include the amount of renewable power that can be fed to the main grid as well as the energy price at which this is done. This paper therefore presents the demand side energy management for a grid connected household with a locally generated photovoltaic energy.
{"title":"Energy management for a customer owned grid-tied photovoltaic micro generator","authors":"C. Adika, Lingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672475","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of renewable energy technologies has offered an opportunity for most governments to regulate the utility grid and lower energy costs. Through government driven demand side management programs, policies have been developed that generally encourage the development of customer centered microgrids. Some of the incentives offered to energy users include provision of cash rebates for installation of wind turbines, availing free or subsidized photovoltaic (PV) panels to customers and through offering renewable energy credits to the consumers. These microgrids are connected to the main utility grid where there is a two way exchange of power. However, proper mechanisms must be put in place to regulate the interaction between the main grid and the microgrids. Among the critical issues that need to be addressed include the amount of renewable power that can be fed to the main grid as well as the energy price at which this is done. This paper therefore presents the demand side energy management for a grid connected household with a locally generated photovoltaic energy.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126030051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673047
Zhang Dong
In this paper, a system development cost analysis model about replacing nuclear power by renewable energy from the view of power system planning is established, considering the factors, such as investment costs, operation and maintaining costs, transmission costs, etc.. An example system is used to study the development costs of several different cases. Study results show that, in the case of safety, the rational development of nuclear power can effectively reduce development costs of the system.
{"title":"Study on development cost of replacing nuclear power by renewable energy","authors":"Zhang Dong","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673047","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a system development cost analysis model about replacing nuclear power by renewable energy from the view of power system planning is established, considering the factors, such as investment costs, operation and maintaining costs, transmission costs, etc.. An example system is used to study the development costs of several different cases. Study results show that, in the case of safety, the rational development of nuclear power can effectively reduce development costs of the system.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123747632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing integration of distributed generation, distribution grids are evolving from passive networks to active grids. The existence of DGs and energy storage devices makes the transient simulation of active distribution grids more meaningful compared with that of traditional distribution grids, but at the same time limits the simulation speed and system scale. This paper presents a passivity-guaranteed model order reduction method based on Krylov subspace theory for active distribution grids. Then simulations are performed using the IEEE 123-node test feeder, proving that the proposed method is feasible as a powerful tool in typical applications of the transient simulation of active distribution grids.
{"title":"Krylov subspace based model reduction method for transient simulation of active distribution grid","authors":"Chengshan Wang, Hao Yu, Peng Li, Chengdi Ding, Chongbo Sun, Xiaolong Guo, Fei Zhang, Yilin Zhou, Zhaorong Yu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672277","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing integration of distributed generation, distribution grids are evolving from passive networks to active grids. The existence of DGs and energy storage devices makes the transient simulation of active distribution grids more meaningful compared with that of traditional distribution grids, but at the same time limits the simulation speed and system scale. This paper presents a passivity-guaranteed model order reduction method based on Krylov subspace theory for active distribution grids. Then simulations are performed using the IEEE 123-node test feeder, proving that the proposed method is feasible as a powerful tool in typical applications of the transient simulation of active distribution grids.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672314
Shan Liu, Bo Chen, D. Kundur, T. Zourntos, K. Butler-Purry
In this paper we present a progressive strategy for applying a multi-switch cyber-physical attack on emerging smart grid systems. In contrast to a single switch attack, recently studied, we demonstrate how the additional degrees of freedom available to an opponent can be used to induce cascading failures throughout a power system in a stealthy way. A framework based on variable structure system theory is presented in which targeted attacks can be constructed. Attack execution is simulated on the New England 10-generator 39-bus test system using DSATools™ to demonstrate the potential of the approach to achieve high impact disruption.
{"title":"Progressive switching attacks for instigating cascading failures in smart grid","authors":"Shan Liu, Bo Chen, D. Kundur, T. Zourntos, K. Butler-Purry","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672314","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a progressive strategy for applying a multi-switch cyber-physical attack on emerging smart grid systems. In contrast to a single switch attack, recently studied, we demonstrate how the additional degrees of freedom available to an opponent can be used to induce cascading failures throughout a power system in a stealthy way. A framework based on variable structure system theory is presented in which targeted attacks can be constructed. Attack execution is simulated on the New England 10-generator 39-bus test system using DSATools™ to demonstrate the potential of the approach to achieve high impact disruption.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125406607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672249
Jia Jia, J. Meng
An investigation of the performance of ZigBee systems in high voltage electricity substations is described in this paper. The ZigBee wireless platform is a cost-efficient wireless networking system recently for the purpose of monitoring substation components in electric substations. Although this system has some inherent resistance to interference given its spread spectrum technology, impulsive noise with a short duration and a strong energy content caused by partial discharge (PD) of a dielectric breakdown can degrade the communication quality of ZigBee nodes. In this paper, a novel statistical model of substation PD impulsive noise is proposed and the impact of this impulsive noise on the ZigBee 2.4 GHz and 915 MHz frequency bands is evaluated. Although our results show the 2.4 GHz ZigBee is more resistant to PD impulsive noise in electricity substations, it may be advantageous to deploy 915 MHz ZigBee if PD detection and concurrent telemetry data collection are desired.
{"title":"Partial discharge impulsive noise in electricity substations and the impact on 2.4 GHz and 915 MHz ZigBee communications","authors":"Jia Jia, J. Meng","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672249","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation of the performance of ZigBee systems in high voltage electricity substations is described in this paper. The ZigBee wireless platform is a cost-efficient wireless networking system recently for the purpose of monitoring substation components in electric substations. Although this system has some inherent resistance to interference given its spread spectrum technology, impulsive noise with a short duration and a strong energy content caused by partial discharge (PD) of a dielectric breakdown can degrade the communication quality of ZigBee nodes. In this paper, a novel statistical model of substation PD impulsive noise is proposed and the impact of this impulsive noise on the ZigBee 2.4 GHz and 915 MHz frequency bands is evaluated. Although our results show the 2.4 GHz ZigBee is more resistant to PD impulsive noise in electricity substations, it may be advantageous to deploy 915 MHz ZigBee if PD detection and concurrent telemetry data collection are desired.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125491000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672764
N. Nasiriani, R. Ramachandran, K. Rahimi, Y. P. Fallah, P. Famouri, S. Bossart, K. Dodrill
The emergence of distributed communication based control schemes in power systems emphasizes the need for a realistic power systems simulation tool that allows inclusion of communication components. Communication performance parameters like delay and loss in transfer of measurements and commands can affect the result of control and should be taken into account while studying a control mechanism over power system dynamics. In this paper we present the method and tools that we have developed to allow simulation of communication networks inside off-the-shelf product for power system transient simulation, PSCAD. In particular we present the structural designs and interfaces of modules that are needed for implementing an embedded communication network simulator in PSCAD, and provide a brief guide on how power system engineers could use these modules in their designs. In addition, we present an example of a control scheme using communication for stabilizing a power system that incorporates integration of a renewable energy source and energy storage. We use the IEEE 13-node test feeder as our case study. A wind generator and battery are connected to the system to add more dynamic behavior; a control for the system has been designed which works with communication interface and modules implemented in PSCAD. The test system is used to validate and verify the embedded communication simulator and its implementation.
{"title":"An embedded communication network simulator for power systems simulations in PSCAD","authors":"N. Nasiriani, R. Ramachandran, K. Rahimi, Y. P. Fallah, P. Famouri, S. Bossart, K. Dodrill","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672764","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of distributed communication based control schemes in power systems emphasizes the need for a realistic power systems simulation tool that allows inclusion of communication components. Communication performance parameters like delay and loss in transfer of measurements and commands can affect the result of control and should be taken into account while studying a control mechanism over power system dynamics. In this paper we present the method and tools that we have developed to allow simulation of communication networks inside off-the-shelf product for power system transient simulation, PSCAD. In particular we present the structural designs and interfaces of modules that are needed for implementing an embedded communication network simulator in PSCAD, and provide a brief guide on how power system engineers could use these modules in their designs. In addition, we present an example of a control scheme using communication for stabilizing a power system that incorporates integration of a renewable energy source and energy storage. We use the IEEE 13-node test feeder as our case study. A wind generator and battery are connected to the system to add more dynamic behavior; a control for the system has been designed which works with communication interface and modules implemented in PSCAD. The test system is used to validate and verify the embedded communication simulator and its implementation.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125536251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672815
Jens Werner, P. Schegner, J. Seifert
In Germany the electrical power system changes fundamentally. New technologies like Micro Combined Heat and Power Plants (μCHPs), heat pumps or photovoltaic systems are connected to the low (LV) and medium voltage (MV) level. These lead to active distribution networks and the possibility to implement mini-grids. To evaluate the influence of these devices to the system a test environment was designed in which μCHPs could be tested. The environment enables the emulation of grid-connected and islanded mode of operation with a power system emulator under consideration of thermal loads. In this paper the electrical power system and thermal network emulator are described in detail. In a first step the corresponding research project is explained and following the working principle and the key facts of the Combined Energy Lab (CEL) are shown. The structure of the power system emulator is described and different challenges are pointed out. Finally the derivable application possibilities are presented.
{"title":"The Combined Energy Lab - A test environment for testing μCHPs in grid-connected and islanded mode of operation","authors":"Jens Werner, P. Schegner, J. Seifert","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672815","url":null,"abstract":"In Germany the electrical power system changes fundamentally. New technologies like Micro Combined Heat and Power Plants (μCHPs), heat pumps or photovoltaic systems are connected to the low (LV) and medium voltage (MV) level. These lead to active distribution networks and the possibility to implement mini-grids. To evaluate the influence of these devices to the system a test environment was designed in which μCHPs could be tested. The environment enables the emulation of grid-connected and islanded mode of operation with a power system emulator under consideration of thermal loads. In this paper the electrical power system and thermal network emulator are described in detail. In a first step the corresponding research project is explained and following the working principle and the key facts of the Combined Energy Lab (CEL) are shown. The structure of the power system emulator is described and different challenges are pointed out. Finally the derivable application possibilities are presented.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125668801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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