Abstract Coopetition has gained considerable attention in the management literature. Yet, the best recognized is inter-organizational coopetition. The intra-organizational coopetition is still under-researched and there is a gap in the comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of intra-organizational coopetition. This paper attempts to identify the main positive outcomes in the coopetition relationship between affiliates within business groups based on a survey questionnaire in the largest business groups listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The findings of the study reveal that coopetition at the intra-organizational level generates many benefits. The main ones are resource benefits and improved market and financial performance. The positive effects of intra-organizational coopetition are somewhat similar to the benefits of inter-organizational coopetition. However, some differences support the view on the specificity of coopetition at each level.
{"title":"Does coopetition pay off? Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition within business groups","authors":"W. Mierzejewska","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coopetition has gained considerable attention in the management literature. Yet, the best recognized is inter-organizational coopetition. The intra-organizational coopetition is still under-researched and there is a gap in the comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of intra-organizational coopetition. This paper attempts to identify the main positive outcomes in the coopetition relationship between affiliates within business groups based on a survey questionnaire in the largest business groups listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The findings of the study reveal that coopetition at the intra-organizational level generates many benefits. The main ones are resource benefits and improved market and financial performance. The positive effects of intra-organizational coopetition are somewhat similar to the benefits of inter-organizational coopetition. However, some differences support the view on the specificity of coopetition at each level.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article analyzes changes on the Polish labor market after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to assess the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the transition of people on the labor market in Poland. The decided majority of research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market was based exclusively on resource analysis, omitting stream analysis. This research fills this gap and provides analysis by quarter of the transition of people on the labor market between employment, unemployment, and professional inactivity. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe drop in the number of people in work in the second quarter of 2020, similar in level to an analogous increase in the number of people professionally inactive. The effects of the pandemic were much more severe for women than for men. Detailed analysis of transitions on the labor market shows that around 50% of jobs lost due to the outbreak of the pandemic were not regained. Many redundancies were permanent, which may translate into a weakening of the dynamic for the recovery of the labor market in the future.
{"title":"Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transition of people on the Polish labor market – hidden threats","authors":"Grażyna Węgrzyn","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyzes changes on the Polish labor market after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to assess the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the transition of people on the labor market in Poland. The decided majority of research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market was based exclusively on resource analysis, omitting stream analysis. This research fills this gap and provides analysis by quarter of the transition of people on the labor market between employment, unemployment, and professional inactivity. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe drop in the number of people in work in the second quarter of 2020, similar in level to an analogous increase in the number of people professionally inactive. The effects of the pandemic were much more severe for women than for men. Detailed analysis of transitions on the labor market shows that around 50% of jobs lost due to the outbreak of the pandemic were not regained. Many redundancies were permanent, which may translate into a weakening of the dynamic for the recovery of the labor market in the future.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90543981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The war in Ukraine threatens global food security. At the same time, the European Union (EU) plans to advance the green transformation of its agro-food sector, which implies lower agricultural output. Relying on the political economy literature, this study examines if the war can thwart the greening ambitions for EU’s agro-food sector. For this, it explores to what extent the war represents an external event that is large enough to change policy preferences and reviews the positions of major political actors who shape agricultural policy on the EU level and in member states regarding the case of Germany, where the ambition for the green transformation of the economy is particularly strong. It is shown that, for the time being, the war does not impede EU’s greening aspirations. Instead, the major political actors play for time, hoping to forward the green transformation after the end of the war.
{"title":"Can the war in Ukraine thwart the green agricultural transformation in the EU? Political economy considerations regarding the case of Germany","authors":"J. Wandel","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The war in Ukraine threatens global food security. At the same time, the European Union (EU) plans to advance the green transformation of its agro-food sector, which implies lower agricultural output. Relying on the political economy literature, this study examines if the war can thwart the greening ambitions for EU’s agro-food sector. For this, it explores to what extent the war represents an external event that is large enough to change policy preferences and reviews the positions of major political actors who shape agricultural policy on the EU level and in member states regarding the case of Germany, where the ambition for the green transformation of the economy is particularly strong. It is shown that, for the time being, the war does not impede EU’s greening aspirations. Instead, the major political actors play for time, hoping to forward the green transformation after the end of the war.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84393218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There is lack of research on the evaluation of state aid provided to food industry enterprises in Poland, within the framework of general principles of the European Union competition policy, taking into account structure of the industry. The aim of the study is to assess the scale of general public aid for dairies, taking into account the type of enterprises, their size and location. The statistical analysis is based on SUDOP data. The amount of aid granted in 2015–2021 increased as well as the number of beneficiaries of the aid. The highest value share involved subsidies for R&D projects. The share of large dairies in funds is similar to their market share. We witness a significant concentration of aid regionally and among the beneficiaries. Dairy cooperatives accounted for a greater share of the employment of disabled persons and prisoners than other entities, which may be due to their bimodal nature.
{"title":"The role of state aid for the food industry – Based on the example of dairies in Poland","authors":"Maria Zuba-Ciszewska","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is lack of research on the evaluation of state aid provided to food industry enterprises in Poland, within the framework of general principles of the European Union competition policy, taking into account structure of the industry. The aim of the study is to assess the scale of general public aid for dairies, taking into account the type of enterprises, their size and location. The statistical analysis is based on SUDOP data. The amount of aid granted in 2015–2021 increased as well as the number of beneficiaries of the aid. The highest value share involved subsidies for R&D projects. The share of large dairies in funds is similar to their market share. We witness a significant concentration of aid regionally and among the beneficiaries. Dairy cooperatives accounted for a greater share of the employment of disabled persons and prisoners than other entities, which may be due to their bimodal nature.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72996246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kudła, Rafał Woźniak, K. Walczyk, M. Dudek, R. Kruszewski
Abstract Inheritance and gift taxation vary widely among countries in both the design and tax burden. We analyze the impact of a series of factors, such as the country’s affluence, political preferences, preferences for equity, aging ratio, fiscal standing of the state, and the country’s size, on inheritance tax systems. The applied methods involve the random effects ordered logistic regression for tax design and tobit correlated-random effect models for tax revenues. We find that inheritance tax design is mainly determined by demographic factors while tax revenues depend on a broader group of factors including political orientation of a state, condition of an economy, and the size of a country. Higher preferences for equal distribution and commitment to democratic norms are associated with higher tax revenues. Good economic condition of the state boosts revenues, as does country’s higher population. The results shed some light on future evolution of inheritance taxation.
{"title":"Determinants of inheritance and gifts taxation in the European Union","authors":"J. Kudła, Rafał Woźniak, K. Walczyk, M. Dudek, R. Kruszewski","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inheritance and gift taxation vary widely among countries in both the design and tax burden. We analyze the impact of a series of factors, such as the country’s affluence, political preferences, preferences for equity, aging ratio, fiscal standing of the state, and the country’s size, on inheritance tax systems. The applied methods involve the random effects ordered logistic regression for tax design and tobit correlated-random effect models for tax revenues. We find that inheritance tax design is mainly determined by demographic factors while tax revenues depend on a broader group of factors including political orientation of a state, condition of an economy, and the size of a country. Higher preferences for equal distribution and commitment to democratic norms are associated with higher tax revenues. Good economic condition of the state boosts revenues, as does country’s higher population. The results shed some light on future evolution of inheritance taxation.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78031094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Innovation networks help to create innovation ecosystems by strengthen interactions between government, academia, business, and special institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the local context, i.e., the conditions and environment in which the Local Government Unit operates and their participation in the innovation networks. The analysis is based on a survey of 184 local government authorities in Poland, Local Administrative Unit level 2. The present study examines the hypothesis that the more supportive the local context is in the Polish municipalities and cities on district rights, the greater the engagement of local government authorities in local or regional innovation networks. The supportive local context was defined by a set of institutional, economic, geographical, demographic, cultural, political, managerial, and administrative factors. The research findings indicate that the key factors that influence the engagement of local government in local or regional innovation networks are institutional factors.
{"title":"Local context of local government participation in the innovation networks: Evidence from Poland","authors":"M. Godlewska, M. Mackiewicz","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Innovation networks help to create innovation ecosystems by strengthen interactions between government, academia, business, and special institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the local context, i.e., the conditions and environment in which the Local Government Unit operates and their participation in the innovation networks. The analysis is based on a survey of 184 local government authorities in Poland, Local Administrative Unit level 2. The present study examines the hypothesis that the more supportive the local context is in the Polish municipalities and cities on district rights, the greater the engagement of local government authorities in local or regional innovation networks. The supportive local context was defined by a set of institutional, economic, geographical, demographic, cultural, political, managerial, and administrative factors. The research findings indicate that the key factors that influence the engagement of local government in local or regional innovation networks are institutional factors.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80051629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze impact of organizational learning (OL) on Polish small- or medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance. Results are based on interviews with owners and managers from two samples of Polish small- and medium-sized firms: a “pre-COVID-19” sample (the survey was conducted during May–July 2019) and a “COVID-19” sample (the survey was conducted during December 2020–January 2021). The results based on the “pre-COVID-19” sample show partial support for the hypothesis about a positive relationship between market performance and OL for Polish SMEs. Two out of three measures of OL, i.e., the diversity of information sources and the commitment to learning, showed positive relationship with two aspects of market performance, i.e., the sales dynamics and the self-assessed success as compared with that of competitors. None of the OL measures have been correlated with the financial results. For the “COVID-19” sample, commitment to learning showed very weak positive correlations with both financial results and sales dynamics. These relationships were not confirmed when other firms’ characteristics had been included.
{"title":"The impact of organizational learning on Polish SME market performance","authors":"Ewa Baranowska-Prokop, Tomasz D. Sikora","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze impact of organizational learning (OL) on Polish small- or medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance. Results are based on interviews with owners and managers from two samples of Polish small- and medium-sized firms: a “pre-COVID-19” sample (the survey was conducted during May–July 2019) and a “COVID-19” sample (the survey was conducted during December 2020–January 2021). The results based on the “pre-COVID-19” sample show partial support for the hypothesis about a positive relationship between market performance and OL for Polish SMEs. Two out of three measures of OL, i.e., the diversity of information sources and the commitment to learning, showed positive relationship with two aspects of market performance, i.e., the sales dynamics and the self-assessed success as compared with that of competitors. None of the OL measures have been correlated with the financial results. For the “COVID-19” sample, commitment to learning showed very weak positive correlations with both financial results and sales dynamics. These relationships were not confirmed when other firms’ characteristics had been included.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82441708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Radomska, Monika Hajdas, Przemysław Wołczek, B. Glinka
Abstract Purpose Although the open strategizing (OS) approach can bring a wide range of benefits, there are also numerous risks identified. These risks are core sources of organizational dilemmas and challenges that appear in the decision-making process in two dimensions of OS – inclusion and transparency, both of which we further explore. Design/methodology/approach Following the suggestions of some scholars, we have employed the specific context of research and investigated companies from creative industries in Poland. We applied purposeful sampling with maximum sample variation to collect relevant and rich data and identify shared patterns. We conducted in-depth interviews with the owners or CEOs of the chosen creative firms. Findings We have recognized some recurring fears and anxieties accompanying the OS concept in general and different categories of challenges in particular. This paper suggests that a specific mindset reflected in a particular organizational climate (open climate) might undermine a company’s efforts in considering and adopting such a strategy. Originality By offering an initial conceptualization of an open climate as a potential further research avenue, this study contributes to the OS stream of research.
{"title":"Wide open? Creative industries and open strategizing challenges","authors":"Joanna Radomska, Monika Hajdas, Przemysław Wołczek, B. Glinka","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose Although the open strategizing (OS) approach can bring a wide range of benefits, there are also numerous risks identified. These risks are core sources of organizational dilemmas and challenges that appear in the decision-making process in two dimensions of OS – inclusion and transparency, both of which we further explore. Design/methodology/approach Following the suggestions of some scholars, we have employed the specific context of research and investigated companies from creative industries in Poland. We applied purposeful sampling with maximum sample variation to collect relevant and rich data and identify shared patterns. We conducted in-depth interviews with the owners or CEOs of the chosen creative firms. Findings We have recognized some recurring fears and anxieties accompanying the OS concept in general and different categories of challenges in particular. This paper suggests that a specific mindset reflected in a particular organizational climate (open climate) might undermine a company’s efforts in considering and adopting such a strategy. Originality By offering an initial conceptualization of an open climate as a potential further research avenue, this study contributes to the OS stream of research.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82192582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study is to examine the impact of financial constraints and financial distress on cash holdings, both in normal and crisis times. We collected the 4,406 firm-year observations of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). Our research shows that companies maintain higher cash holdings during a crisis than in a normal period. However, in contrast to our expectations, companies with financial difficulties (constraints and distress) have lower cash holdings both in normal and crisis times. The originality of our research lies in realizing that different sources of difficulties might overlap at the same time (external with internal). We also analyze how cash holdings react to a combined impact of difficulties of different natures (external and internal). We believe that cash holdings have recently increased their meaning as we face the situation of constant and increasing uncertainty: still ongoing COVID-19 crisis prolonged with Russian aggression on Ukraine and outburst of inflation.
{"title":"Impact of financial constraints and financial distress on cash holdings","authors":"E. Bukalska, Anna Maziarczyk","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study is to examine the impact of financial constraints and financial distress on cash holdings, both in normal and crisis times. We collected the 4,406 firm-year observations of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). Our research shows that companies maintain higher cash holdings during a crisis than in a normal period. However, in contrast to our expectations, companies with financial difficulties (constraints and distress) have lower cash holdings both in normal and crisis times. The originality of our research lies in realizing that different sources of difficulties might overlap at the same time (external with internal). We also analyze how cash holdings react to a combined impact of difficulties of different natures (external and internal). We believe that cash holdings have recently increased their meaning as we face the situation of constant and increasing uncertainty: still ongoing COVID-19 crisis prolonged with Russian aggression on Ukraine and outburst of inflation.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"13 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76913756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We study the impact of several Covid-19 related supply shocks. We use a standard wage setting-price setting model of the labor market and analyze the transmission of the shocks to the natural rate of unemployment and production. In a first step, the shocks are analyzed in a general way, graphically and algebraically. In a second step, numerical examples illustrate the effects on the real wage and the labor market equilibrium as well as output. Our theoretical results indicate that the negative supply shocks related to the Covid-19 pandemic are associated with a decline in the natural level of output and employment. Our results are supported by empirical evidence across various countries. However, limitations of the theoretical model can be considerable.
{"title":"Labor market effects of COVID-19 shocks","authors":"M. Frenkel, G. Stadtmann, L. Zimmermann","doi":"10.2478/ijme-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We study the impact of several Covid-19 related supply shocks. We use a standard wage setting-price setting model of the labor market and analyze the transmission of the shocks to the natural rate of unemployment and production. In a first step, the shocks are analyzed in a general way, graphically and algebraically. In a second step, numerical examples illustrate the effects on the real wage and the labor market equilibrium as well as output. Our theoretical results indicate that the negative supply shocks related to the Covid-19 pandemic are associated with a decline in the natural level of output and employment. Our results are supported by empirical evidence across various countries. However, limitations of the theoretical model can be considerable.","PeriodicalId":43388,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"3 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83738897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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