R. Lepic, Carl Börstell, Gal Belsitzman, W. Sandler
Traditionally in sign language research, the issue of whether a lexical sign is articulated with one hand or two has been treated as a strictly phonological matter. We argue that accounting for two ...
{"title":"Taking meaning in hand : Iconic motivations in two-handed signs","authors":"R. Lepic, Carl Börstell, Gal Belsitzman, W. Sandler","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.1.02LEP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.1.02LEP","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally in sign language research, the issue of whether a lexical sign is articulated with one hand or two has been treated as a strictly phonological matter. We argue that accounting for two ...","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"10 1","pages":"37-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75484466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 20 years that have passed since Heleen Bos’ original work on serial verb constructions in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), continuing work on verb serialization has consolidated the topic. A greater breadth and depth of (spoken) language data has made it possible to characterize the phenomenon and to develop a taxonomy of different types of serial verb constructions. Unfortunately, these developments have not been accompanied by a parallel growth in the topic in sign linguistics. Since Supalla’s (1986, 1990) seminal work on classifier forms and verbs of motion, sign linguists have been aware of the presence of serial verb constructions in sign languages, but very little has happened since then. The work on classifier constructions in sign languages has acknowledged the existence of serial verb constructions of this type (e.g. Slobin & Hoiting 1994; Hong 2003; Tang 2003), provided formal models of such constructions (Benedicto, Cvejanova & Quer 2008) or even suggested alternative analyses (see Tang & Yang 2006 for the proposal that double verb constructions in Hong Kong Sign Language are verb-verb compounds). However, all the cited works focus on verb constructions that involve classifiers. In contrast, Bos identified serial verb constructions made up of lexical verbs. In this commentary, I intend to point out why that difference is important, and to show what Bos’ data can add to what we know about signed languages and about serial verb constructions. In order to do this, I adopt recent typological work on serial verb constructions: Aikhenvald (2006) provides a thorough overview that allows us to situate the NGT structures within the range of serial verb constructions that appear in many different languages of the world (section 2); Haspelmath (2016) proposes a narrower approach aimed at allowing crosslinguistic comparison by means of a stricter definition of serial verb constructions and a set of accompanying generalizations that follow from this definition
{"title":"Sign language serial verb constructions fit into the bigger picture","authors":"B. Costello","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.2.05COS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.2.05COS","url":null,"abstract":"In the 20 years that have passed since Heleen Bos’ original work on serial verb constructions in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), continuing work on verb serialization has consolidated the topic. A greater breadth and depth of (spoken) language data has made it possible to characterize the phenomenon and to develop a taxonomy of different types of serial verb constructions. Unfortunately, these developments have not been accompanied by a parallel growth in the topic in sign linguistics. Since Supalla’s (1986, 1990) seminal work on classifier forms and verbs of motion, sign linguists have been aware of the presence of serial verb constructions in sign languages, but very little has happened since then. The work on classifier constructions in sign languages has acknowledged the existence of serial verb constructions of this type (e.g. Slobin & Hoiting 1994; Hong 2003; Tang 2003), provided formal models of such constructions (Benedicto, Cvejanova & Quer 2008) or even suggested alternative analyses (see Tang & Yang 2006 for the proposal that double verb constructions in Hong Kong Sign Language are verb-verb compounds). However, all the cited works focus on verb constructions that involve classifiers. In contrast, Bos identified serial verb constructions made up of lexical verbs. In this commentary, I intend to point out why that difference is important, and to show what Bos’ data can add to what we know about signed languages and about serial verb constructions. In order to do this, I adopt recent typological work on serial verb constructions: Aikhenvald (2006) provides a thorough overview that allows us to situate the NGT structures within the range of serial verb constructions that appear in many different languages of the world (section 2); Haspelmath (2016) proposes a narrower approach aimed at allowing crosslinguistic comparison by means of a stricter definition of serial verb constructions and a set of accompanying generalizations that follow from this definition","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"17 1","pages":"252-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74813983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bringing together the areas of sign language semantics-pragmatics interface and discourse reference, this article offers a description of how indefiniteness and (non‑)specificity is encoded in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). By using a combined methodology of corpus data and grammatical tests, the present study shows that the encoding of indefiniteness and specificity in LSC is achieved by three main means, namely lexical signs, the use of nonmanuals, and the use of signing space. The basic primitives required to analyze specificity in LSC comprise wide scope, epistemicity, and partitivity. This article proposes an analysis of the use of signing space in contributing meaning and provides insights into the characterization of the abstract import of signing space.
{"title":"Indefiniteness and specificity marking in Catalan Sign Language (LSC)","authors":"Gemma Barberà","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.1.01BAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.1.01BAR","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing together the areas of sign language semantics-pragmatics interface and discourse reference, this article offers a description of how indefiniteness and (non‑)specificity is encoded in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). By using a combined methodology of corpus data and grammatical tests, the present study shows that the encoding of indefiniteness and specificity in LSC is achieved by three main means, namely lexical signs, the use of nonmanuals, and the use of signing space. The basic primitives required to analyze specificity in LSC comprise wide scope, epistemicity, and partitivity. This article proposes an analysis of the use of signing space in contributing meaning and provides insights into the characterization of the abstract import of signing space.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86799268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross-categorial singular and plural reference in sign language Jeremy Kuhn (Ph.D. New York University, 2015) This dissertation addresses a range of semantic topics—anaphora, plurality, dependency, telicity, and pluractionality—and investigates them from the point of view of sign language, focusing on data from American Sign Language (ASL) and French Sign Language (LSF). The importance of sign language to these debates arises from its visuospatial modality, in which the hands and face generate a signal that is perceived with the visual system. From a semantic perspective, this modality offers several unique expressive possibilities, including the ability to use space in a meaningful way, and the pervasive availability of iconic, picturelike representations. In this dissertation, I argue that the use of space in sign language provides a new window into the machinery underlying the compositional system; I leverage the properties of the visuospatial modality to gain new insights into theories of natural language semantics. Two themes run throughout the work. First I investigate the compositional treatment of plurality and dependency in natural language, focusing in particular on recent dynamic frameworks that manipulate plurals (Chapters 3, 4, 7). Second, I investigate the incorporation of iconic meaning into the combinatorial grammar, focusing on points of interface between the two (Chapters 6, 7).
{"title":"Cross-categorial singular and plural reference in sign language","authors":"J. Kuhn","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.1.04KUH","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.1.04KUH","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-categorial singular and plural reference in sign language Jeremy Kuhn (Ph.D. New York University, 2015) This dissertation addresses a range of semantic topics—anaphora, plurality, dependency, telicity, and pluractionality—and investigates them from the point of view of sign language, focusing on data from American Sign Language (ASL) and French Sign Language (LSF). The importance of sign language to these debates arises from its visuospatial modality, in which the hands and face generate a signal that is perceived with the visual system. From a semantic perspective, this modality offers several unique expressive possibilities, including the ability to use space in a meaningful way, and the pervasive availability of iconic, picturelike representations. In this dissertation, I argue that the use of space in sign language provides a new window into the machinery underlying the compositional system; I leverage the properties of the visuospatial modality to gain new insights into theories of natural language semantics. Two themes run throughout the work. First I investigate the compositional treatment of plurality and dependency in natural language, focusing in particular on recent dynamic frameworks that manipulate plurals (Chapters 3, 4, 7). Second, I investigate the incorporation of iconic meaning into the combinatorial grammar, focusing on points of interface between the two (Chapters 6, 7).","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"7 7","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/SLL.19.1.04KUH","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72454930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate frequency and duration of signs and parts of speech in Swedish Sign Language (SSL) using the SSL Corpus. The duration of signs is correlated with frequency, with high- ...
本文利用瑞典手语语料库研究了瑞典手语中符号和词性的频率和持续时间。症状持续时间与频率相关，高…
{"title":"Distribution and duration of signs and parts of speech in Swedish Sign Language","authors":"Carl Börstell, Thomas Hörberg, Robert Östling","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.2.01BOR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.2.01BOR","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate frequency and duration of signs and parts of speech in Swedish Sign Language (SSL) using the SSL Corpus. The duration of signs is correlated with frequency, with high- ...","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"33 1","pages":"143-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Lepic, Ryan | Abstract: Words that are systematically related in form and meaning exhibit morphological structure. A fundamental question in morphological theory concerns the nature of this structure, and the role that it serves in grammatical organization. One view of morphological structure, the morpheme-based perspective, characterizes complex words as constructed from smaller, independently meaningful pieces. An alternative view, the word-based perspective, characterizes whole words as participating in patterns that are abstracted over networks of surface words, whether "simple" or "complex". This dissertation explores the consequences of these two views of morphological structure, as they apply to the analysis of American Sign Language and English. Here I show that the morphological structure of a variety of words in ASL and in English can be analyzed in terms of constructions, or learned pairings of form and meaning. These morphological constructions range from simple and concrete, in the case of actually- occurring surface words, to more schematic and complex, in the case of recurring patterns and sub-patterns extracted from whole surface words. Comparing compounds, derived words, borrowed words, and lexical blends in a spoken language and a sign language reveals that though many words can be analyzed into component pieces, the identifiable pieces may do very little to determine the meaning of the particular word. Instead, word-internal structure is a reflection of the structure of the networks, or lexical families, that whole words participate in. This exploration demonstrates that rather than primarily compositional, and resulting from the combination of meaningful parts, word-internal structure is relational, serving to link words together, within and across families. As a construction-theoretic analysis of derivational morphology in a spoken language and a sign language, this dissertation ties together and provides a unified analysis for a range of empirical phenomena. I anticipate that this study will also provide a point of departure for future studies of spoken and sign language morphology, either together or in isolation, from a construction-theoretic and word-based perspective
{"title":"Motivation in Morphology : Lexical Patterns in ASL and English","authors":"R. Lepic","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.2.08LEP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.2.08LEP","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Lepic, Ryan | Abstract: Words that are systematically related in form and meaning exhibit morphological structure. A fundamental question in morphological theory concerns the nature of this structure, and the role that it serves in grammatical organization. One view of morphological structure, the morpheme-based perspective, characterizes complex words as constructed from smaller, independently meaningful pieces. An alternative view, the word-based perspective, characterizes whole words as participating in patterns that are abstracted over networks of surface words, whether \"simple\" or \"complex\". This dissertation explores the consequences of these two views of morphological structure, as they apply to the analysis of American Sign Language and English. Here I show that the morphological structure of a variety of words in ASL and in English can be analyzed in terms of constructions, or learned pairings of form and meaning. These morphological constructions range from simple and concrete, in the case of actually- occurring surface words, to more schematic and complex, in the case of recurring patterns and sub-patterns extracted from whole surface words. Comparing compounds, derived words, borrowed words, and lexical blends in a spoken language and a sign language reveals that though many words can be analyzed into component pieces, the identifiable pieces may do very little to determine the meaning of the particular word. Instead, word-internal structure is a reflection of the structure of the networks, or lexical families, that whole words participate in. This exploration demonstrates that rather than primarily compositional, and resulting from the combination of meaningful parts, word-internal structure is relational, serving to link words together, within and across families. As a construction-theoretic analysis of derivational morphology in a spoken language and a sign language, this dissertation ties together and provides a unified analysis for a range of empirical phenomena. I anticipate that this study will also provide a point of departure for future studies of spoken and sign language morphology, either together or in isolation, from a construction-theoretic and word-based perspective","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"118 1","pages":"285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77424060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This thesis examines agreement in Spanish Sign Language (lengua de signos espanola - LSE) and provides a comprehensive description of the agreement mechanisms available to the language based on data collected from LSE signers from the Basque Country. This description makes it possible to compare agreement in LSE with what has been described for other sign languages, and also to offer a cross-modal comparison of the phenomenon, that is, to compare agreement in a signed language to agreement in spoken languages. Underlying this comparison is the issue of whether what we call agreement in sign languages is the same thing as what is called agreement in spoken languages. The study provides a strong case that this spatial mechanism in LSE (i) is a type of agreement that is similar to what has been described for other sign languages, (ii) is comparable to agreement processes in spoken languages, and (iii) can be accounted for in syntactic terms. The thesis includes discussion of what the findings tell us about LSE, sign languages, and natural languages in general.
{"title":"Language and modality: Effects of the use of space in the agreement system of lengua de signos española (Spanish Sign Language)","authors":"B. Costello","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.2.06COS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.2.06COS","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis examines agreement in Spanish Sign Language (lengua de signos espanola - LSE) and provides a comprehensive description of the agreement mechanisms available to the language based on data collected from LSE signers from the Basque Country. This description makes it possible to compare agreement in LSE with what has been described for other sign languages, and also to offer a cross-modal comparison of the phenomenon, that is, to compare agreement in a signed language to agreement in spoken languages. Underlying this comparison is the issue of whether what we call agreement in sign languages is the same thing as what is called agreement in spoken languages. The study provides a strong case that this spatial mechanism in LSE (i) is a type of agreement that is similar to what has been described for other sign languages, (ii) is comparable to agreement processes in spoken languages, and (iii) can be accounted for in syntactic terms. The thesis includes discussion of what the findings tell us about LSE, sign languages, and natural languages in general.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"270-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82589729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the arms move in certain ways, they can cause the torso to twist or rock. Such extraneous torso movement is undesirable, especially during sign language communication, when torso position may carry linguistic significance, so we expend effort to resist it when it is not intended. This so-called “reactive effort” has only recently been identified by Sanders and Napoli (2016), but their preliminary work on three genetically unrelated languages suggests that the effects of reactive effort can be observed cross-linguistically by examination of sign language lexicons. In particular, the frequency of different kinds of manual movements in the lexicon correlates with the amount of reactive effort needed to resist movement of the torso. Following this line of research, we present evidence from 24 sign languages confirming that there is a cross-linguistic preference for minimizing the reactive effort needed to keep the torso stable.
{"title":"A Cross-Linguistic Preference For Torso Stability In The Lexicon: Evidence From 24 Sign Languages","authors":"Nathan Sanders, D. Napoli","doi":"10.1075/sll.19.2.02san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.19.2.02san","url":null,"abstract":"When the arms move in certain ways, they can cause the torso to twist or rock. Such extraneous torso movement is undesirable, especially during sign language communication, when torso position may carry linguistic significance, so we expend effort to resist it when it is not intended. This so-called “reactive effort” has only recently been identified by Sanders and Napoli (2016), but their preliminary work on three genetically unrelated languages suggests that the effects of reactive effort can be observed cross-linguistically by examination of sign language lexicons. In particular, the frequency of different kinds of manual movements in the lexicon correlates with the amount of reactive effort needed to resist movement of the torso. Following this line of research, we present evidence from 24 sign languages confirming that there is a cross-linguistic preference for minimizing the reactive effort needed to keep the torso stable.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"68 1","pages":"197-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80087485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A descriptive grammar of morphosyntactic constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL): (University of Central Lancashire, 2014)","authors":"Sam Lutalo-Kiingi","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.1.05LUT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.1.05LUT","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"103 ","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/SLL.19.1.05LUT","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72429677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching ASL fingerspelling to second-language learners: Explicit versus implicit phonetic training","authors":"Leah Geer","doi":"10.1075/SLL.19.2.07GEE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.19.2.07GEE","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"33 3 1","pages":"280-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90959134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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