This thesis gives a description and a syntactic analysis for coordination and gapping in conjunction in Catalan Sign Language (LSC) within the framework of Generative Grammar and Minimalism. Regarding coordination, Coordination Phrase (CoP) is proposed as the category for conjunctive, disjunctive and adversative coordination, assuming that the conjuncts are specifiers and complements of CoP in a right-branching coordination structure. The specific derivation for each types of coordination is then applied. As for gapping in conjunction, in LSC it shows similarities with VP-ellipsis, especially because it can appear also in subordination. Moreover, the availability of only distributed scope negation (¬A&¬B) and the presence of contrastive topic and contrastive focus require a large coordination structure, that is, CP coordination. In order to derive gapping, I propose movement of the arguments to TopP and FocP followed by the deletion of TP at PF, with [E] feature in the head of FocP.
{"title":"Coordination and gapping in Catalan Sign Language\u0000 (LSC)","authors":"Giorgia Zorzi","doi":"10.1075/sll.00031.zor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.00031.zor","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis gives a description and a syntactic analysis for coordination and gapping in conjunction in Catalan Sign Language (LSC) within the framework of Generative Grammar and Minimalism. Regarding coordination, Coordination Phrase (CoP) is proposed as the category for conjunctive, disjunctive and adversative coordination, assuming that the conjuncts are specifiers and complements of CoP in a right-branching coordination structure. The specific derivation for each types of coordination is then applied. As for gapping in conjunction, in LSC it shows similarities with VP-ellipsis, especially because it can appear also in subordination. Moreover, the availability of only distributed scope negation (¬A&¬B) and the presence of contrastive topic and contrastive focus require a large coordination structure, that is, CP coordination. In order to derive gapping, I propose movement of the arguments to TopP and FocP followed by the deletion of TP at PF, with [E] feature in the head of FocP.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45373323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The status of syntactic resultative constructions has been disputed in the American Sign Language (ASL) literature. These are single sentences such as “Mary hammered the metal flat,” where two predicates share the same object and an event (hammered) causes the affected object (the metal) to change state (flat) as a result. While not all languages permit such constructions, this study shows that (several) alternate multi-sentential analyses can be ruled out. WH-clefts are used to provide a test for independent clausal boundaries, providing additional support that American Sign Language (ASL) permits resultative constructions. We also observe possible word order variations and note common features of the result predicates in these constructions.
句法结果结构在美国手语文学中的地位一直存在争议。这些句子都是单句，比如“Mary hamed the metal flat”，其中两个谓词共享同一个对象，一个事件（hamed）导致受影响的对象（金属）因此改变状态（flat）。虽然不是所有的语言都允许这样的结构，但这项研究表明，可以排除（几种）交替的多句子分析。WH分隔符用于提供独立从句边界的测试，为美国手语（ASL）允许结果结构提供了额外的支持。我们还观察了可能的语序变化，并注意到这些结构中结果谓词的共同特征。
{"title":"Wh-clefts as evidence of resultatives in ASL","authors":"A. Kentner, R. Wilbur","doi":"10.1075/SLL.18002.KEN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.18002.KEN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The status of syntactic resultative constructions has been disputed in the American Sign Language (ASL) literature. These are\u0000 single sentences such as “Mary hammered the metal flat,” where two predicates share the same object and an event\u0000 (hammered) causes the affected object (the metal) to change state (flat) as\u0000 a result. While not all languages permit such constructions, this study shows that (several) alternate multi-sentential analyses\u0000 can be ruled out. WH-clefts are used to provide a test for independent clausal boundaries, providing additional support that\u0000 American Sign Language (ASL) permits resultative constructions. We also observe possible word order variations and note common\u0000 features of the result predicates in these constructions.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphological properties of mouthings in Hungarian Sign Language (MJNY)","authors":"Szilárd Engelhardt","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00016.ENG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00016.ENG","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"929 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59106848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe an intriguing interaction of negation and tense in Georgian Sign Language (GESL), a sign language which to date has received close to no attention by linguists. GESL verbs that employ an irregular negation strategy in the present tense (modal verbs and the verb know) require double marking in the past tense, i.e. the irregular negative form combines with the negative particle not, which is not used in the present and future tense with these verbs. The GESL data thus provide us with direct evidence for an active contribution of the feature tense in the grammar of GESL – in contrast to most other sign languages previously studied. We also offer a cross-linguistic perspective on the data by discussing instances of Negative Concord reported for various sign languages as well as tense-negation interactions attested in spoken languages.
{"title":"A negation-tense interaction in Georgian Sign Language","authors":"Tamar Makharoblidze, R. Pfau","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00013.MAK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00013.MAK","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We describe an intriguing interaction of negation and tense in Georgian Sign Language (GESL), a sign language which to date has\u0000 received close to no attention by linguists. GESL verbs that employ an irregular negation strategy in the present tense (modal\u0000 verbs and the verb know) require double marking in the past tense, i.e. the irregular negative form combines with the\u0000 negative particle not, which is not used in the present and future tense with these verbs. The GESL data thus provide us with direct\u0000 evidence for an active contribution of the feature tense in the grammar of GESL – in contrast to most other sign languages\u0000 previously studied. We also offer a cross-linguistic perspective on the data by discussing instances of Negative Concord reported\u0000 for various sign languages as well as tense-negation interactions attested in spoken languages.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexical nonmanuals in German Sign Language (DGS)","authors":"Nina-Kristin Pendzich","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00015.PEN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00015.PEN","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48073382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper. we offer a preliminary investigation of some aspects of individual and group variation in sign rate and rhythm, considering the sociolinguistic factors of Age (younger and older adults), Gender, and Sign Variety (Black and Mainstream American Sign Language). Differences in sign rate and rhythmic structure among signers were found in signers’ elicited narratives. A novel approach to phrasal rhythm is introduced, called “rhythm ratio”, which considers sign duration and transition duration together and is similar in spirit to the “normalized pairwise variability index” (nPVI) in spoken languages. This measure appears to be promising as a method for identifying rhythm class in sign languages; however, due to the small number of signers in each group these results can only be suggestive.
{"title":"Variation in phrasal rhythm in sign languages","authors":"D. Brentari, Joseph C. Hill, Brianne Amador","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00010.BRE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00010.BRE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper. we offer a preliminary investigation of some aspects of individual and group variation in sign rate and rhythm,\u0000 considering the sociolinguistic factors of Age (younger and older adults), Gender, and Sign Variety (Black and Mainstream American\u0000 Sign Language). Differences in sign rate and rhythmic structure among signers were found in signers’ elicited narratives. A novel\u0000 approach to phrasal rhythm is introduced, called “rhythm ratio”, which considers sign duration and transition duration together\u0000 and is similar in spirit to the “normalized pairwise variability index” (nPVI) in spoken languages. This measure appears to be\u0000 promising as a method for identifying rhythm class in sign languages; however, due to the small number of signers in each group\u0000 these results can only be suggestive.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discourse markers in French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) and Catalan Sign Language (LSC)","authors":"Sílvia Gabarró-López","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00014.GAB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00014.GAB","url":null,"abstract":"Discourse markers in French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) and Catalan Sign Language (LSC) : Buoys, PALM-UP and SAME","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41940847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
German Sign Language (DGS) displays variation in the simple plural, the form of which is conditioned by classes of phonological features within the lexicon. As a consequence, the overt realization of the plural marker is restricted to a small set of nouns specified for the appropriate phonological features, while the rest are left bare (Pfau & Steinbach 2005, 2006; Steinbach 2012). Pfau & Steinbach (2005) report a number of ‘alternative pluralization strategies’ available as repairs for this underspecification, including classifier constructions, spatial localization, and number and quantifier phrases. I propose a previously undescribed mechanism for plural marking, the ‘classifier-based plural morpheme’ (CLP), grammaticalized from the classifier system into a morpheme in the grammars of individual DGS signers. Elicitation data show that this morpheme attaches only to nouns which are specified for phonological features that restrict the realization of the canonical plural marker, adding a new option to the range of pluralization strategies available.
{"title":"A new classifier-based plural morpheme in German Sign Language (DGS)","authors":"M. Herbert","doi":"10.1075/SLL.00012.HER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.00012.HER","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 German Sign Language (DGS) displays variation in the simple plural, the form of which is conditioned by classes of phonological\u0000 features within the lexicon. As a consequence, the overt realization of the plural marker is restricted to a small set of nouns\u0000 specified for the appropriate phonological features, while the rest are left bare (Pfau &\u0000 Steinbach 2005, 2006; Steinbach\u0000 2012). Pfau & Steinbach (2005) report a number of ‘alternative\u0000 pluralization strategies’ available as repairs for this underspecification, including classifier constructions, spatial\u0000 localization, and number and quantifier phrases. I propose a previously undescribed mechanism for plural marking, the\u0000 ‘classifier-based plural morpheme’ (CLP), grammaticalized from the classifier system into a morpheme in the grammars of individual\u0000 DGS signers. Elicitation data show that this morpheme attaches only to nouns which are specified for phonological features that\u0000 restrict the realization of the canonical plural marker, adding a new option to the range of pluralization strategies\u0000 available.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the L2M2 acquisition of Norwegian Sign Language by hearing adults, with a focus on the production and use of depicting signs. A group of students and their instructors were asked to respond to prompt questions about directions and locations in Norwegian Sign Language, and their responses were then compared. An examination of the students’ depicting signs shows that they struggled more with the phonological parameters orientation and movement, rather than with handshape. In addition, they used fewer depicting signs than their instructors, and instead relied more on lexical signs. Finally, students were found to struggle with the coordination of depicting signs within the signing space and in relation to their own bodies. It is hoped that the findings from this study can be used to inform future research as well as curricula development and pedagogy.
{"title":"Describing spatial layouts as an M2 signed language learner","authors":"Lindsay Ferrara, Anna-Lena Nilsson","doi":"10.1075/SLL.20.1.01FER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.20.1.01FER","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the L2M2 acquisition of Norwegian Sign Language by hearing adults, with a focus on the production and use of depicting signs. A group of students and their instructors were asked to respond to prompt questions about directions and locations in Norwegian Sign Language, and their responses were then compared. An examination of the students’ depicting signs shows that they struggled more with the phonological parameters orientation and movement, rather than with handshape. In addition, they used fewer depicting signs than their instructors, and instead relied more on lexical signs. Finally, students were found to struggle with the coordination of depicting signs within the signing space and in relation to their own bodies. It is hoped that the findings from this study can be used to inform future research as well as curricula development and pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77779505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many of the sign languages studied to date, different types of agreement markers have been described which express agreement in transitive constructions involving non-inflecting (plain) verbs and sometimes even inflected agreement verbs. Austrian Sign Language (OGS) belongs to the group of sign languages employing two different agreement markers ( agrm-bc / agrm-mf ), which will be described in this paper. In an online questionnaire, we focused on two questions: (i) whether both forms of agreement markers are rated as equally acceptable by Deaf OGS-signers and hearing native signers, and (ii) whether there is a preferred syntactic position (pre- vs. postverbal) for these markers. Data analysis confirmed that both agreement markers are accepted by OGS-signers and that both agreement markers are slightly preferred in preverbal position. Further, possible origins of both agreement markers are discussed.
{"title":"Two agreement markers in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS)","authors":"J. Krebs, R. Wilbur, D. Roehm","doi":"10.1075/SLL.20.1.02KRE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SLL.20.1.02KRE","url":null,"abstract":"For many of the sign languages studied to date, different types of agreement markers have been described which express agreement in transitive constructions involving non-inflecting (plain) verbs and sometimes even inflected agreement verbs. Austrian Sign Language (OGS) belongs to the group of sign languages employing two different agreement markers ( agrm-bc / agrm-mf ), which will be described in this paper. In an online questionnaire, we focused on two questions: (i) whether both forms of agreement markers are rated as equally acceptable by Deaf OGS-signers and hearing native signers, and (ii) whether there is a preferred syntactic position (pre- vs. postverbal) for these markers. Data analysis confirmed that both agreement markers are accepted by OGS-signers and that both agreement markers are slightly preferred in preverbal position. Further, possible origins of both agreement markers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43398,"journal":{"name":"Sign Language & Linguistics","volume":"25 1","pages":"27-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82573523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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