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Exploring Environmental Ethics: From Exclusion of More-than-Human Beings Towards a New Materialist Paradigm 探索环境伦理:从超越人类的排斥走向新的唯物主义范式
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.26913/ava2202313
Gülşah Göçmen
Environmental ethics deals with discussing the ethical framework of environmental values, their organization and regulation, and their ethical premises. One of the main cul-de-sacs that environmental ethics has is its anthropocentrism that can be observed through its diverse ethical approaches—even ecocentric ones, developed as non-anthropocentric egalitarian alternatives. This article aims to question the exclusiveness of Anthropos, the practices, values, and discourses that determine the scope and course of environmental ethics, and the exclusion of nonhuman animals or more-than human beings from its focus. It first examines the main approaches in environmental ethics (land ethic, deep ecology, social ecology, and postmodern environmental ethics)—biocentric, ecocentric, anthropocentric, socialist, postmodern—and reveals that they are but limited to the human perspective, deeply rooted in human exceptionalism. All of these approaches provide us with a critical frame that still needs to be deconstructed so that they will not project an anthropocentric orientation. This article posits that the compass of environmental ethics, recently aligning itself to embrace the more-than-human world in its ecocentric attitude, still needs to be revisited for its discourses of exclusion. At this point, new materialism functions as a prolific theoretical site as it diminishes the classical boundaries between human and animal or subject and object that anthropocentric environmental ethics relies on. With such concepts as “agential realism” (Barad), “transcorporeal ethics” (Alaimo), “vibrant matter” (Bennett), or “storied matter” (Oppermann and Iovino) the new materialist view of the human and the nonhuman evolves to end set dualities in the discourses of environmental ethics. This article concludes that the new materialist theory destabilizes any anthropocentric position in environmental ethics and includes more-than-human beings in its ethical focus, discarding any dualities that serve anthropocentrism or human exceptionalism.
环境伦理涉及讨论环境价值的伦理框架,它们的组织和规范,以及它们的伦理前提。环境伦理学的主要死胡同之一是它的人类中心主义,这可以通过它的各种伦理方法来观察到——甚至是生态中心主义,作为非人类中心主义的平等主义替代品而发展起来。本文旨在质疑人类的排他性、决定环境伦理范围和过程的实践、价值观和话语,以及将非人类动物或人类以外的动物排除在其关注范围之外。本文首先考察了环境伦理学的主要研究方法(土地伦理学、深层生态学、社会生态学和后现代环境伦理学)——生物中心主义、生态中心主义、人类中心主义、社会主义和后现代主义,并揭示了它们都局限于人类的视角,深深植根于人类例外论。所有这些方法都为我们提供了一个仍然需要解构的关键框架,这样它们就不会投射出人类中心主义的取向。这篇文章认为,环境伦理的指南针,最近在其生态中心的态度中调整自己以拥抱超越人类的世界,仍然需要重新审视其排斥的话语。在这一点上,新唯物主义作为一个多产的理论站点,因为它减少了人类中心环境伦理学所依赖的人与动物或主体与客体之间的经典界限。有了诸如“代理现实主义”(巴拉德)、“超物质伦理学”(阿拉莫)、“充满活力的物质”(班尼特)或“故事物质”(奥珀曼和约维诺)等概念,人类和非人类的新唯物主义观点逐渐结束了环境伦理学话语中的二元性。本文的结论是,新唯物主义理论动摇了环境伦理学中任何人类中心主义的立场,并将超越人类纳入其伦理焦点,抛弃了任何为人类中心主义或人类例外论服务的二元性。
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引用次数: 0
The Prostheticity of the Network. Humanities and Scientometrically-Born Cyborgs 网络的假体。人文科学和科学计量学出身的电子人
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.26913/ava1202311
Bartosz Hamarowski
Although there have been many efforts in the last decade to reconcile the humanities and the information sciences, they have not radically changed the research standards prevailing in most humanistic departments. Against all appearances, the abrupt opening to quantitative methods in the digital humanities still has the character of a minority avant-garde movement. The article looks at the scientometric tradition, largely forgotten by the humanities, which may prove to be another interface bringing the two academic cultures back together. An account of scientometric networks highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this orientation. The broader implications regarding the use of visual networks in the humanities are framed by the category of prostheticity, which aims to encapsulate their ambivalent status as both substitutes and cognitive enhancers.
虽然在过去的十年中有很多努力来调和人文科学和信息科学,但它们并没有从根本上改变大多数人文学科的研究标准。从表面上看,数字人文学科对定量方法的突然开放仍然具有少数先锋运动的特征。这篇文章着眼于科学计量学的传统,它在很大程度上被人文学科所遗忘,它可能被证明是将两种学术文化重新结合在一起的另一个接口。对科学计量学网络的描述突出了这一方向的优点和缺点。关于在人文学科中使用视觉网络的更广泛的影响是由假体的范畴构成的,其目的是概括它们作为替代品和认知增强剂的矛盾地位。
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引用次数: 0
Difficulties in merging methodological demands and artistic conventions—"Artist's Neurophysiology in Performance" project case 方法要求与艺术惯例融合的困难——“艺术家在表演中的神经生理学”项目案例
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.26913/ava1202312
Tomasz Ciesielski
Contemporary development of research methods and tools is often conducive to ambitious art studies, in which the research methodology and study protocol are the result of negotiations between creative and research strategies. The article discusses the key sources, possibilities, and threats of interdisciplinary projects often referred to as practice-as-research. The following comparison of the orders of the scientific methodology and the artistic convention allows one to show the similarities and potential points of contact between science and art, which are independent of the different values and methods of evaluation in both of these areas. The research-based practice model by Pil Hansen and Bruce Barton is also presented as a solution that takes these issues into account. It is also used to present the project of Interdisciplinary Center for New Technologies of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and the Art & Science Research Foundation om—organisms and machines in culture (FUNom) the project "Neurophysiology of the Artist in Performance", which is a bold example of the transdisciplinary activities of scientists and researchers. Its content is analyzed through the reports of artists, researchers, and participants taking part in public presentations of the project.
当代研究方法和工具的发展往往有利于雄心勃勃的艺术研究,其中的研究方法和研究方案是创造性和研究策略之间谈判的结果。本文讨论了通常被称为“实践即研究”的跨学科项目的主要来源、可能性和威胁。下面对科学方法论和艺术惯例的顺序进行比较,可以显示科学和艺术之间的相似之处和潜在的接触点,它们独立于这两个领域的不同价值和评估方法。Pil Hansen和Bruce Barton提出的基于研究的实践模型也是考虑到这些问题的解决方案。它也被用来展示托卢奇尼古拉斯·哥白尼大学跨学科新技术中心的项目和艺术与科学研究基金会的生物和机器文化项目(FUNom)的“表演艺术家的神经生理学”项目,这是科学家和研究人员跨学科活动的大胆例子。它的内容是通过艺术家、研究人员和参与该项目的公开展示的参与者的报告来分析的。
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引用次数: 0
Embodied Cognition and Imagination in Sport. A Review of the Handbook of Embodied Cognition and Sport Psychology 体育运动中的具身认知与想象。《具身认知与运动心理学手册》综述
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.26913/avant.202207
Agnieszka Jaworska
The author critically reviews the content and specific chapters of the Handbook of Embodied Cognition and Sport Psychology, focusing on the importance of imagination and creativity within the cognitive science of sport. Emphasis is placed on the concept of motor imagery, which plays a central role in enhancing athlete performance. In addition, the following section explores the topic of measuring creativity in a way that is appropriate to the specific discipline, while also taking into account its enactive and embodied nature. This understanding allows for a more comprehensive exploration and cultivation of creativity.
作者批判性地回顾了《体现认知和运动心理学手册》的内容和具体章节,重点关注了体育认知科学中想象力和创造力的重要性。重点放在运动意象的概念上,它在提高运动员的表现中起着核心作用。此外,以下部分探讨了以适合特定学科的方式衡量创造力的主题,同时也考虑到其活动和体现的性质。这样的理解可以更全面地探索和培养创造力。
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引用次数: 0
„Wizualizacja otwarta” jako narzędzie demokratyzacji wiedzy
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.26913/ava1202308
Marta Maliszewska
In this poster I compare two types of visualization that can be distinguished by the role of the viewer. In the first, which I call “closed visualization,” interpretation is seen as a decoding of meanings already set by the author. The other—“open visualization”—sees the viewer as an active co-creator of meanings. In its processual character, open visualization elicits the critical potential of the imagination and is open to new contexts and interpretations. As such, open visualization democratizes the production of knowledge by enabling the critical analysis of the spectator. Instead of the hegemonic production of discourse typical of closed visualization, it introduces a “diagonal perspectivism” that allows problems to be seen from differentiated perspectives. As examples of the mentioned models of visualization I will analyze two projects: Neil Halloran’s The Shadow Peace: The Nuclear Threat and Aby Warburg’s Mnemosyne Atlas.
在这张海报中,我比较了两种可以根据观察者的角色来区分的可视化。在第一种,我称之为“封闭的可视化”,解释被看作是对作者已经设定的意义的解码。另一种是“开放的可视化”,它将观众视为意义的积极共同创造者。在其过程特征中,开放的可视化引出了想象力的关键潜力,并对新的背景和解释开放。因此,开放的可视化通过对观众的批判性分析使知识的生产民主化。它不是典型的封闭可视化话语的霸权生产,而是引入了一种“对角透视主义”,允许从不同的角度看待问题。作为上述可视化模型的例子,我将分析两个项目:尼尔·哈洛伦的《影子和平:核威胁》和阿比·沃伯格的《记忆》。
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引用次数: 0
How to Study Infrastructure: Methodological Remarks in the Context of the Pandemic and its Impact on City Design 如何研究基础设施:大流行及其对城市设计影响背景下的方法论评论
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.26913/avant.2020.03.20
Jacek Gądecki, Łukasz Afeltowicz, Ilona Morawska, Karolina Anielska
The paper is an introduction to the anthropology of infrastructures. We define how infrastructure is understood on the grounds of anthropology and science and technology studies. We show what is the significance of various infrastructures for the functioning of modern and late societies. The text discusses extensively the methodological challenges of studying infrastructures. We not only explain why analyzing infrastructures is difficult but also discuss several methodological tricks we can resort to when trying to uncover infrastructures. We elaborate the methodological guidelines on the margins of two research projects. The first dealt with social aspects of epidemics, and the second with urban clusters of innovative companies.
本文是基础设施人类学的概论。我们在人类学和科学技术研究的基础上定义了如何理解基础设施。我们展示了各种基础设施对现代和晚期社会运作的重要性。本文广泛讨论了研究基础设施的方法论挑战。我们不仅解释了为什么分析基础设施是困难的,而且还讨论了我们在试图发现基础设施时可以采用的几种方法技巧。我们详细阐述了两个研究项目的方法学指导方针。第一个是关于流行病的社会方面,第二个是关于创新公司的城市集群。
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引用次数: 0
Visualising the Research Process. The Case of Ambient Music Studies 可视化研究过程。环境音乐研究的案例
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.26913/ava1202310
P. Kędziora
The article addresses a project of visualization of research on ambient music, including the historically changing subject of this research, its theoretical background and qualitative studies arising from it. In this study, the visualization of the research process is related to the concept of graphesis, or visual interpretation, discussed and partly problematized in the context of visual representation of interdisciplinary topics at the interface of various knowledge systems.
本文讨论了一个环境音乐研究的可视化项目,包括这个研究的历史变化主题,它的理论背景和由此产生的定性研究。在本研究中,研究过程的可视化与图形化或视觉解释的概念有关,在各种知识系统接口的跨学科主题的视觉表示背景下进行讨论并部分提出问题。
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引用次数: 0
Dlaczego Tytus zachwyt w nas wzbudza? O głównych problemach współczesnej tytusologii
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.26913/ava3202305
Marek Jeziński, M. Lisiecki
Tom specjalny „Avantu” poświęcamy twórczości komiksowej Henryka Jerzego Chmielewskiego, nazywanego Papciem Chmielem (także Dziadkiem Chmielem) oraz głównym postaciom serii komiksów „Tytus, Romek i A’Tomek” (dalej: „TRiA”). Wydawana od 1966 roku w formie osobnych albumów seria liczy 31 ksiąg, stając się najdłużej wydawanym w Polsce cyklem, który zajął poczesne miejsce w historii polskiego komiksu. Początkowo przy-gody Tytusa jawiły się jako wejście w krainę wyobraźni dziecięcej (księgi III-XVIII), z czasem jednak Chmielewski przeszedł do doraźnych komentarzy na temat zmieniającej się polskiej rzeczywistości (od Księgi XX). Zmiana ta nastąpiła w momencie transformacji systemowej w Polsce. Przełom 1989/1990 to okres, w którym „Tytusy” zaczęły być wznawiane przez autora w unowo-cześnionej szacie graficznej (część książeczek narysowano na nowo) i zmienionej formie fabularnej: pojawiły się nowe rysunki, przearanżowano część starszych, dodano wypowiedzi bohaterów. W tym okresie Chmielewski nie wydawał książeczek z nowymi przygodami Tytusa; te zaczęły się pojawiać od 1992 roku, a autor zaczął opisywać w nich zmiany zachodzące w Polsce. Po przełomie politycznym 1989/1990 magiczne i osadzone w wyobraźni wątki zestawione zostały z tym, co w aktualnej polskiej rzeczywistości społecznej wydawało się Papciowi zajmujące, a często – niepokojące lub wymagające interwencji. Tytus zatem stał się członkiem afiliowanego przy NATO oddziału wojskowego, walczył z handlarzami narkotyków, rysował graffiti, mistrzowsko jeździł na desce, zwalczał bądź to chuliganów na meczach piłkarskich, bądź to gangi przestępcze, czy też intensywnie poznawał internet.
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引用次数: 0
Obraz historii Polski (1818-1918) w komiksie Henryka Jerzego Chmielewskiego
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.26913/ava1202309
Jerzy Biniewicz
Henryk Chmielewski is the author of a historical comic book devoted to the 100th anniversary of Poland regaining its independence. The comic book of Chmielewski is a subjective vision of Polish history, because every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction. Artist says about very difficoult moment of Polish history (the 19th century, the early 20th century). He creates original story, argues, that the idea of Poland as an independent state was never not lost. Polish people were formed armyduring the Napoleonic Wars, and Polish organisations started major uprisings (the Polish–Russian War of 1830–1831 and the January Uprising of 1863-64). Chmielewski creates an interesting picture of the world with the use of many varying forms, different codes (e.g. picture, word, photography). He use various means of expression: semantic, linguistic, compositional (see values, compotents: metannaration, digression, opposition "we" - "they", stereotype, appropriate words - freedom, Poland, Poles, relationship: fiction - real world, illusion, colloquial language).
Henryk Chmielewski是一本历史漫画的作者,这本漫画是为了纪念波兰恢复独立100周年。奇米列夫斯基的漫画书是对波兰历史的一种主观看法,因为每一个创造行为首先都是一种破坏行为。艺术家讲述了波兰历史上非常困难的时刻(19世纪,20世纪初)。他创造了一个原创的故事,认为波兰作为一个独立国家的想法从未消失过。波兰人在拿破仑战争期间组建了军队,波兰组织发起了重大起义(1830-1831年的波俄战争和1863-64年的一月起义)。奇米列夫斯基用许多不同的形式、不同的编码(如图片、文字、摄影)创造了一幅有趣的世界图景。他使用各种表达方式:语义的、语言的、组合的(参见价值观、成分:元化、离题、对立“我们”—“他们”、刻板印象、恰当的词语—自由、波兰、波兰人、关系:虚构—真实世界、幻觉、口语)。
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引用次数: 0
Wywiad z Bartkiem Chacińskim
IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.26913/ava3202303
Marek Jeziński, Bartek Chaciński
Wywiad przeprowadzono 2 września 2021 (forma: Zoom); opublikowano 27 sierpnia 2023.
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引用次数: 0
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Avant
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