Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.01.06
J. A. Marceta
Value conflicts between individualism and collectivism are common. In philosophy, such conflicts have been conceptualized as conflicts between individuality and conformity, among other things. This article develops a more detailed conceptual framework by combining philosophical analysis with empirical observations. The focus is on value conflicts pertaining to LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) factors in a non-individualist society (Georgia). Conservative or traditional norms sometimes constrain LGBT individuals by influencing them to adapt to social expectations. The phenomenon is intuitively clear and has been reported on in numerous quantitative investigations. A qualitative study has been conducted on how LGBT individuals in Georgia experience the constraining influence of such norms. Deep interviews (n=8) have clarified how, more precisely, the effects of those influences should be conceptualized. The results indicate that important distinctions between different types of influences, as well as different objects of influence, have been overlooked in previous philosophical inquiries about value conflicts in this context. The conceptual framework developed throughout the article should be of use to philosophers and social scientists studying individualism and collectivism, and to policymakers working with LGBT issues.
{"title":"Individualism Under Constraining Social Norms: Conceptualizing the Lived Experiences of LGBT persons","authors":"J. A. Marceta","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Value conflicts between individualism and collectivism are common. In philosophy, such conflicts have been conceptualized as conflicts between individuality and conformity, among other things. This article develops a more detailed conceptual framework by combining philosophical analysis with empirical observations. The focus is on value conflicts pertaining to LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) factors in a non-individualist society (Georgia). Conservative or traditional norms sometimes constrain LGBT individuals by influencing them to adapt to social expectations. The phenomenon is intuitively clear and has been reported on in numerous quantitative investigations. A qualitative study has been conducted on how LGBT individuals in Georgia experience the constraining influence of such norms. Deep interviews (n=8) have clarified how, more precisely, the effects of those influences should be conceptualized. The results indicate that important distinctions between different types of influences, as well as different objects of influence, have been overlooked in previous philosophical inquiries about value conflicts in this context. The conceptual framework developed throughout the article should be of use to philosophers and social scientists studying individualism and collectivism, and to policymakers working with LGBT issues.","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75262807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.03.10
{"title":"The Self and the Other Beyond Landscape and Language","authors":"","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82601030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.01.05
{"title":"Not Because My Heart is Gone; Simply The Other Side: Francesca Woodman’s Relational and Ephemeral Subjectivity at the Limit of The Image","authors":"","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85396291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.01.04
M. Piekarski
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the Predictive Processing framework (hereinafter PP) and to identify its basic theoretical difficulties. For this reason, it is, primarily, polemic-critical and, secondarily, historical. I discuss the main concepts, positions and research issues present within this framework (§1-2). Next, I present the Bayesian-brain thesis (§3) and the difficulty associated with it (§4). In §5, I compare the conservative and radical approach to PP and discuss the internalist nature of the generative model in the context of Markov blankets. The possibility of linking PP with the free energy principle (hereinafter FEP) and the homeostatic nature of predictive mechanisms is discussed in §6. This is followed by the presentation of PP’s difficulties with solving the dark room problem and the explora-tion-exploitation trade-off (§7). I emphasize the need to integrate PP with other models and research frameworks within cognitive science. Thus, this review not only discusses PP, but also provides an assessment of the condition of this research framework in the light of the hopes placed on it by many researchers. The Conclusions section discuss further research challenges and the epistemological significance of PP.
{"title":"Understanding Predictive Processing. A Review","authors":"M. Piekarski","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the Predictive Processing framework (hereinafter PP) and to identify its basic theoretical difficulties. For this reason, it is, primarily, polemic-critical and, secondarily, historical. I discuss the main concepts, positions and research issues present within this framework (§1-2). Next, I present the Bayesian-brain thesis (§3) and the difficulty associated with it (§4). In §5, I compare the conservative and radical approach to PP and discuss the internalist nature of the generative model in the context of Markov blankets. The possibility of linking PP with the free energy principle (hereinafter FEP) and the homeostatic nature of predictive mechanisms is discussed in §6. This is followed by the presentation of PP’s difficulties with solving the dark room problem and the explora-tion-exploitation trade-off (§7). I emphasize the need to integrate PP with other models and research frameworks within cognitive science. Thus, this review not only discusses PP, but also provides an assessment of the condition of this research framework in the light of the hopes placed on it by many researchers. The Conclusions section discuss further research challenges and the epistemological significance of PP.","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.03.04
{"title":"Partycypacyjne badania w działaniu: analiza polskich doświadczeń","authors":"","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81869263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.02.05
Lilianna Bieszczad
The central aim of the article is to reflect on whether—and if so, how—Arnold Berleant’s theory of aesthetic engagement can be applied to works described with the controversial term ‘conceptual dance’, in other words, to works that undermine the determinants of a dance performance. Berleant stresses the open nature of his project of aesthetic experience; however, he does not describe works that seek to destabilize perception in dance performances. With this in mind, the concepts of aesthetics and critical aesthetics are considered as indicating a possible direction for the further development of the ideas outlined in Berleant’s Sense and Sensibility . This extension of Berleant’s thought enables the problem of destabilization of perception to be grasped, and encompasses the issues of criticality and the political, which animate the performances of Xavier Le Roy, Jan Ritsema and Jonathan Burrows.
{"title":"Can Arnold Berleant’s Aesthetics of Engagement Be Applied to Conceptual Dance?","authors":"Lilianna Bieszczad","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The central aim of the article is to reflect on whether—and if so, how—Arnold Berleant’s theory of aesthetic engagement can be applied to works described with the controversial term ‘conceptual dance’, in other words, to works that undermine the determinants of a dance performance. Berleant stresses the open nature of his project of aesthetic experience; however, he does not describe works that seek to destabilize perception in dance performances. With this in mind, the concepts of aesthetics and critical aesthetics are considered as indicating a possible direction for the further development of the ideas outlined in Berleant’s Sense and Sensibility . This extension of Berleant’s thought enables the problem of destabilization of perception to be grasped, and encompasses the issues of criticality and the political, which animate the performances of Xavier Le Roy, Jan Ritsema and Jonathan Burrows.","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87424927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.01.03
J. Teske
The paper examines the possibility of using three theories of mindreading (social understanding) – Theory Theory, Simulation Theory and Interaction Theory – and, more precisely, the cognitive mechanisms each of them postulates to account for the reader’s understanding of fictional characters as well as their real authors. Interaction Theory, which explains social cognition in terms of direct, situated, both bodily and minded interactions of agents, might seem irrelevant in the situation from which one agent is, strictly speaking, absent and the other agent’s body does not seem involved. Yet the paper suggests that the interaction might take the form of the reader’s simulated, both minded and bodily, one-sided (pseudo)-interaction with characters, possibly as one of the characters, and artefact-mediated interaction with the real author. The paper suggests further that each theory can account for some error-detection mechanism which might help the reader to differentiate between correct and incorrect ascriptions of characters’ mental states and/or predictions of their next action and/or vicarious anticipations of the reader’s interactions with characters, thus improving the reader’s mindreading skills (social understanding). All these ideas are illustrated with analyses of the hypothetical reader’s mindreading response to passages taken from three works of fiction representing different conventions (mimetic and anti-mimetic, under- and over-representing mental experience, featuring many and few social interactions).
{"title":"Social Understanding in Fictional Contexts and the Question of Error Detection","authors":"J. Teske","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the possibility of using three theories of mindreading (social understanding) – Theory Theory, Simulation Theory and Interaction Theory – and, more precisely, the cognitive mechanisms each of them postulates to account for the reader’s understanding of fictional characters as well as their real authors. Interaction Theory, which explains social cognition in terms of direct, situated, both bodily and minded interactions of agents, might seem irrelevant in the situation from which one agent is, strictly speaking, absent and the other agent’s body does not seem involved. Yet the paper suggests that the interaction might take the form of the reader’s simulated, both minded and bodily, one-sided (pseudo)-interaction with characters, possibly as one of the characters, and artefact-mediated interaction with the real author. The paper suggests further that each theory can account for some error-detection mechanism which might help the reader to differentiate between correct and incorrect ascriptions of characters’ mental states and/or predictions of their next action and/or vicarious anticipations of the reader’s interactions with characters, thus improving the reader’s mindreading skills (social understanding). All these ideas are illustrated with analyses of the hypothetical reader’s mindreading response to passages taken from three works of fiction representing different conventions (mimetic and anti-mimetic, under- and over-representing mental experience, featuring many and few social interactions).","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77821809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.03.02
{"title":"Jak opisać nieracjonalność? Problem nieracjonalnych systemów przekonań a interpretacjonizm w filozofii umysłu","authors":"","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76093565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.03.03
{"title":"Pomaż tę książkę","authors":"","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82794267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26913/avant.2021.01.02
A. Kolmogorova
The paper deals with the problem of how mothers and their babies use multi-scalar tempora-lities to couple their cognitive activity while interacting. Assuming that everyday communication is based on the coordinated behavior of two or more agents, I argue that the crucial cognitive principle which enables such coordination is the overlapping of cognitive expectations and cognitive anticipations performed by interacting people. To address the problem of the genesis of human capacity to expect and to anticipate the actions of others, I analyze a large corpus of video recordings of Russian mothers speaking and playing with their babies from 0 to 4 years old. Being applied to the video data, the method of Cognitive Event Analysis, supported by the use of Elan software, has showed that the baby learns to adjust their vocalizations, gestures, gazes and movements to how a caregiver’s activity is directed to the infant from very early on. The multi-scalar perspective in analysis helped to degage “cognitive event pivots” in such interactions—the moments which divide the interaction into two parts: that of before and after. Seeking to attune their behavior to the mother’s, the baby tries to imitate it mimetically. If they succeed, they both feel the satisfaction of understanding, which anchors such a “valuable” cognitive result in child cognitive experience. The research led to the conclusion that, while communicating, a mother-child dyad forms two brain-body systems whose coupling amalgamates in the moment and results in distributed cognition achievements.
{"title":"Coupling Cognitive Expectations and Anticipations in Dialogue (as Based on Russian Mother-Child Interaction)","authors":"A. Kolmogorova","doi":"10.26913/avant.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of how mothers and their babies use multi-scalar tempora-lities to couple their cognitive activity while interacting. Assuming that everyday communication is based on the coordinated behavior of two or more agents, I argue that the crucial cognitive principle which enables such coordination is the overlapping of cognitive expectations and cognitive anticipations performed by interacting people. To address the problem of the genesis of human capacity to expect and to anticipate the actions of others, I analyze a large corpus of video recordings of Russian mothers speaking and playing with their babies from 0 to 4 years old. Being applied to the video data, the method of Cognitive Event Analysis, supported by the use of Elan software, has showed that the baby learns to adjust their vocalizations, gestures, gazes and movements to how a caregiver’s activity is directed to the infant from very early on. The multi-scalar perspective in analysis helped to degage “cognitive event pivots” in such interactions—the moments which divide the interaction into two parts: that of before and after. Seeking to attune their behavior to the mother’s, the baby tries to imitate it mimetically. If they succeed, they both feel the satisfaction of understanding, which anchors such a “valuable” cognitive result in child cognitive experience. The research led to the conclusion that, while communicating, a mother-child dyad forms two brain-body systems whose coupling amalgamates in the moment and results in distributed cognition achievements.","PeriodicalId":43453,"journal":{"name":"Avant","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83641883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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