Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献_第7页

85 - Effectiveness of orthodontic mini-screws for molar distalization and incisor intrusion: A systematic review 正畸微型螺钉用于磨牙远端和门牙侵入的有效性：一项系统综述

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.089

Wijdane Ait Rai , Wissal Jmili , Rola Pr.Bouamara

Orthodontic mini-screws enable precise three-dimensional control of tooth movement, enhancing treatment efficiency and reducing reliance on patient compliance. They are widely used for molar distalization in cases of crowding or anterior protrusion and for incisor intrusion in deep bite, open bite, or molar overeruption. This systematic review evaluates their effectiveness compared to conventional anchorage methods. A comprehensive literature search (2012–2024) was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, selecting in vivo and in vitro studies in English and French, whether quantitative or qualitative, retrospective or prospective. Among 2,324 identified articles, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that molar distalization was achieved in an average of 8 months, ensuring optimized anchorage and limiting undesired side effects. Incisor intrusion proved effective, with a reduced risk of root resorption compared to conventional mechanics. However, protocol variations across studies introduce heterogeneity, affecting the comparability of outcomes. Mini-screws offer significant advantages in anchorage control, allowing greater movement efficiency and minimizing unwanted reciprocal forces. Their success depends on factors such as bone density, insertion site, and biomechanical considerations. While they represent a reliable alternative to traditional anchorage systems, careful case selection, precise planning, and proper insertion techniques are essential to maximize clinical benefits and minimize complications. Further studies with standardized methodologies are needed to establish clearer treatment guidelines.

正畸微型螺钉能够精确的三维控制牙齿运动，提高治疗效率，减少对患者依从性的依赖。它们广泛用于拥挤或前突的磨牙远端，以及深咬，开咬或磨牙过度出牙的切牙侵入。本系统评价了其与传统锚固方法的有效性。我们在PubMed、ScienceDirect和Cochrane Library进行了全面的文献检索（2012-2024），选择了英语和法语的体内和体外研究，无论是定量的还是定性的，回顾性的还是前瞻性的。在2324篇确定的文章中，有8篇符合纳入标准。结果表明，磨牙离端平均在8个月内完成，确保了最佳的支抗和限制了不良反应。与传统力学相比，门牙侵入被证明是有效的，降低了牙根吸收的风险。然而，不同研究方案的差异引入了异质性，影响了结果的可比性。微型螺钉在锚定控制方面具有显著的优势，允许更高的运动效率并最大限度地减少不必要的相互作用力。它们的成功取决于诸如骨密度、植入位置和生物力学考虑等因素。虽然它们是传统锚定系统的可靠替代方案，但谨慎的病例选择，精确的计划和适当的插入技术对于最大化临床效益和减少并发症至关重要。需要采用标准化方法进行进一步研究，以制定更明确的治疗指南。

{"title":"85 - Effectiveness of orthodontic mini-screws for molar distalization and incisor intrusion: A systematic review","authors":"Wijdane Ait Rai , Wissal Jmili , Rola Pr.Bouamara","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orthodontic mini-screws enable precise three-dimensional control of tooth movement, enhancing treatment efficiency and reducing reliance on patient compliance. They are widely used for molar distalization in cases of crowding or anterior protrusion and for incisor intrusion in deep bite, open bite, or molar overeruption. This systematic review evaluates their effectiveness compared to conventional anchorage methods. A comprehensive literature search (2012–2024) was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, selecting in vivo and in vitro studies in English and French, whether quantitative or qualitative, retrospective or prospective. Among 2,324 identified articles, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that molar distalization was achieved in an average of 8 months, ensuring optimized anchorage and limiting undesired side effects. Incisor intrusion proved effective, with a reduced risk of root resorption compared to conventional mechanics. However, protocol variations across studies introduce heterogeneity, affecting the comparability of outcomes. Mini-screws offer significant advantages in anchorage control, allowing greater movement efficiency and minimizing unwanted reciprocal forces. Their success depends on factors such as bone density, insertion site, and biomechanical considerations. While they represent a reliable alternative to traditional anchorage systems, careful case selection, precise planning, and proper insertion techniques are essential to maximize clinical benefits and minimize complications. Further studies with standardized methodologies are needed to establish clearer treatment guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

83 - E-book digital technological innovations applied to diagnosis and planning in orthodontics 电子书数字技术创新在正畸诊断和规划中的应用

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.087

Rebeca Schwab De Freitas , Roberta Tarkany Basting

Orthodontics has been transformed by digital technologies, such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography and artificial intelligence, providing more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments, although its adoption still faces financial and educational challenges. Tools such as 3D modeling and virtual planning software are essential for optimizing treatments and improving result predictability. This paper presented an e-book on technological innovations in orthodontics in the course "TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems," evaluating its impact on learning, student satisfaction, and motivation to implement the discussed technologies. The e-book "Digital Technological Innovations Applied to Diagnosis and Planning in Orthodontics" was developed to assist orthodontists in understanding and implementing digital technologies, being used in the online course "TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems." Based on a review of recent literature, the material combines technical text, visual resources, and practical strategies, addressing technologies such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography, 3D modeling, and artificial intelligence, while also encouraging the adoption of these innovations in clinical practice. The developed e-book was sent to 200 students of the online course "TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems," and 105 responded to the survey. The majority of participants (73.4%) are orthodontists with more than five years of experience, and 68.6% already use the technologies covered in the material. The main barriers to adopting technologies are high costs (72.4%) and lack of training (38.1%). The e-book motivated 99% of participants to explore and implement these innovations, with 89.5% believing that they improve diagnostic accuracy. Satisfaction with the content and design was high, with 78.1% rating the information as very clear and 88.6% considering the design excellent.

正畸学已经被数字技术所改变，如锥形束计算机断层扫描和人工智能，提供了更准确的诊断和个性化的治疗，尽管它的采用仍然面临着财政和教育方面的挑战。3D建模和虚拟规划软件等工具对于优化治疗和提高结果可预测性至关重要。本文在“TSA -关于自我结扎系统的一切”课程中介绍了正畸技术创新的电子书，评估了其对学习，学生满意度和实施所讨论技术的动机的影响。电子书“应用于正畸诊断和规划的数字技术创新”是为了帮助正畸医生理解和实施数字技术而开发的，被用于在线课程“TSA -关于自我结扎系统的一切”。基于对近期文献的回顾，该材料结合了技术文本、视觉资源和实用策略，解决了锥束计算机断层扫描、3D建模和人工智能等技术，同时也鼓励在临床实践中采用这些创新。开发的电子书被发送给200名在线课程“TSA -关于自我绑扎系统的一切”的学生，其中105人回应了调查。大多数参与者（73.4%）是拥有五年以上经验的正畸医生，68.6%的人已经使用了材料中涵盖的技术。采用新技术的主要障碍是成本高（72.4%）和缺乏培训（38.1%）。该电子书激励了99%的参与者探索和实施这些创新，89.5%的人认为它们提高了诊断的准确性。对内容和设计的满意度很高，78.1%的人认为信息非常清晰，88.6%的人认为设计优秀。

{"title":"83 - E-book digital technological innovations applied to diagnosis and planning in orthodontics","authors":"Rebeca Schwab De Freitas , Roberta Tarkany Basting","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orthodontics has been transformed by digital technologies, such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography and artificial intelligence, providing more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments, although its adoption still faces financial and educational challenges. Tools such as 3D modeling and virtual planning software are essential for optimizing treatments and improving result predictability. This paper presented an e-book on technological innovations in orthodontics in the course \"TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems,\" evaluating its impact on learning, student satisfaction, and motivation to implement the discussed technologies. The e-book \"Digital Technological Innovations Applied to Diagnosis and Planning in Orthodontics\" was developed to assist orthodontists in understanding and implementing digital technologies, being used in the online course \"TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems.\" Based on a review of recent literature, the material combines technical text, visual resources, and practical strategies, addressing technologies such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography, 3D modeling, and artificial intelligence, while also encouraging the adoption of these innovations in clinical practice. The developed e-book was sent to 200 students of the online course \"TSA - Everything About Self-Ligating Systems,\" and 105 responded to the survey. The majority of participants (73.4%) are orthodontists with more than five years of experience, and 68.6% already use the technologies covered in the material. The main barriers to adopting technologies are high costs (72.4%) and lack of training (38.1%). The e-book motivated 99% of participants to explore and implement these innovations, with 89.5% believing that they improve diagnostic accuracy. Satisfaction with the content and design was high, with 78.1% rating the information as very clear and 88.6% considering the design excellent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

54 - Comparison of the positive and negative effects of breastfeeding in mexican infants, from newborns to 3 years old 54 -墨西哥婴儿（从新生儿到3岁）母乳喂养的正面和负面影响比较

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.058

Adrián Raúl Garcia Gama , Alan Adrian Garcia Gonzalez

Breastfeeding, as the primary source of nutrition for newborns, is accepted worldwide because it provides ideal nutrients for growth and development, including water, proteins, sugars, fats, immunoglobulins, and minerals. Since ancient times, many civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Mayans, and Incas, have practiced breastfeeding. It remains the ideal form of nutrition for infants and is highly recommended. One common question concerns the optimal duration of breastfeeding. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an average of two years of breastfeeding for children in extreme situations of malnutrition or war. In Mexico, the recommendation is an average of one year, although two years is also accepted. Breastfeeding is often combined with bottle feeding and weaning. To determine whether the effects of breastfeeding and bottle feeding are positive or negative for growth and development. To establish the ideal duration for fostering different functions, such as breathing, swallowing, chewing, and speaking. 1,000 photographs of patients were taken to observe facial and oral effects caused by different feeding methods. Data collection focused on facial and oral changes resulting from various feeding methods. Photograph evaluations and comparisons were made regarding dental arches and malocclusions. From the studied feeding methods, it was found that 85% of children fed through breastfeeding maintained balanced facial and oral characteristics, within normal parameters of swallowing and breathing. They did not develop habits, and their dentition was balanced. The remaining 15% of the sample showed some facial changes that are not related to feeding, such as in the case of infants with respiratory alterations due to allergies. Meanwhile, the group of patients fed with a bottle showed a dependency on this method. Sixty-eight percent developed a bottle habit due to the use of it for many hours a day and during the night. Fifty-six percent experienced an increase in carious lesions, loss of arch length, dental protrusion, and bone collapse. The facial profile is retrognathic with lip incompetence. Data from patient photographs, including mouth and profile images, were analyzed to determine the most beneficial method and duration of feeding for optimal development.

母乳喂养作为新生儿的主要营养来源，在世界范围内被接受，因为它为生长发育提供了理想的营养，包括水、蛋白质、糖、脂肪、免疫球蛋白和矿物质。自古以来，许多文明，如埃及人、玛雅人和印加人，都有母乳喂养的习俗。它仍然是婴儿营养的理想形式，被强烈推荐。一个常见的问题是母乳喂养的最佳持续时间。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）建议在营养不良或战争极端情况下的儿童平均母乳喂养两年。在墨西哥，建议平均为一年，尽管两年也被接受。母乳喂养通常与奶瓶喂养和断奶相结合。确定母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养对婴儿生长发育的影响是积极的还是消极的。建立理想的持续时间，以培养不同的功能，如呼吸，吞咽，咀嚼和说话。对1000名患者进行拍照，观察不同喂养方式对面部和口腔的影响。数据收集的重点是不同喂养方式导致的面部和口腔变化。对牙弓和错牙合进行了照片评价和比较。从所研究的喂养方式中发现，85%的母乳喂养儿童的面部和口腔特征保持平衡，吞咽和呼吸参数正常。他们没有养成习惯，他们的牙齿是平衡的。其余15%的样本显示出一些与喂养无关的面部变化，例如由于过敏而导致呼吸系统改变的婴儿。与此同时，用奶瓶喂养的一组患者对这种方法表现出依赖性。68%的人养成了喝奶瓶的习惯，因为他们每天和晚上都要喝很长时间。56%的人经历了龋齿损伤、牙弓长度减少、牙齿突出和骨塌陷的增加。面部轮廓后颌，嘴唇功能不全。分析患者照片数据，包括口腔和侧面图像，以确定最佳发育的最有益方法和喂养时间。

{"title":"54 - Comparison of the positive and negative effects of breastfeeding in mexican infants, from newborns to 3 years old","authors":"Adrián Raúl Garcia Gama , Alan Adrian Garcia Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breastfeeding, as the primary source of nutrition for newborns, is accepted worldwide because it provides ideal nutrients for growth and development, including water, proteins, sugars, fats, immunoglobulins, and minerals. Since ancient times, many civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Mayans, and Incas, have practiced breastfeeding. It remains the ideal form of nutrition for infants and is highly recommended. One common question concerns the optimal duration of breastfeeding. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an average of two years of breastfeeding for children in extreme situations of malnutrition or war. In Mexico, the recommendation is an average of one year, although two years is also accepted. Breastfeeding is often combined with bottle feeding and weaning. To determine whether the effects of breastfeeding and bottle feeding are positive or negative for growth and development. To establish the ideal duration for fostering different functions, such as breathing, swallowing, chewing, and speaking. 1,000 photographs of patients were taken to observe facial and oral effects caused by different feeding methods. Data collection focused on facial and oral changes resulting from various feeding methods. Photograph evaluations and comparisons were made regarding dental arches and malocclusions. From the studied feeding methods, it was found that 85% of children fed through breastfeeding maintained balanced facial and oral characteristics, within normal parameters of swallowing and breathing. They did not develop habits, and their dentition was balanced. The remaining 15% of the sample showed some facial changes that are not related to feeding, such as in the case of infants with respiratory alterations due to allergies. Meanwhile, the group of patients fed with a bottle showed a dependency on this method. Sixty-eight percent developed a bottle habit due to the use of it for many hours a day and during the night. Fifty-six percent experienced an increase in carious lesions, loss of arch length, dental protrusion, and bone collapse. The facial profile is retrognathic with lip incompetence. Data from patient photographs, including mouth and profile images, were analyzed to determine the most beneficial method and duration of feeding for optimal development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

86 - Effectiveness of twin block appliance based on daily wear time - A systematic review 基于日常磨损时间的双块器具的有效性-系统评价

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.090

Ana Lúcia Ferreira , Patrícia Oliveira , Joana Borga , João Botelho , Iman Bugaighis , Pedro Mariano Pereira

There is currently no consensus in the literature concerning the daily wear time (DWT) protocol of Twin Block appliance (TBA) treatment. This systematic review aimed to determine whether scientific evidence proves that the full-time (FT) DWT protocol using TBA is more effective in treating Class II malocclusions related to mandibular retrognathism than the part-time (PT) protocol. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023464575). A search was conducted using the central electronic database (PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, SciELO and Scopus), in addition to grey literature until July 2024. Abstracts that fulfilled the selection criteria, as well as the original articles, were reviewed. Randomized control trials and non-randomized intervention studies assessing differences between PT vs FT DWT were eligible for inclusion in this review. Two studies fulfilled the selection criteria. DWT, measured objectively using microsensors, was lower than the recommended protocols. One study found a similar effect of PT and FT DWT on the sagittal and vertical skeletal changes, while the other investigation noticed a significant skeletal measurements improvement in the FT group. Although overjet significantly decreased following treatment in both studies, only one study showed that the FT group presented a significant overjet reduction compared to the PT group. Soft tissue changes were only analyzed by one of the studies, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the PT and FT groups. Due to the small number of studies and contradictory results, it is impossible to conclude which DWT protocol is more effective. The lack of robust scientific evidence implies that the original recommendation of the originator himself, William Clark, for FT use of TBA should be maintained.

目前，关于双块矫治器（TBA）治疗的日常磨损时间（DWT）协议在文献中没有共识。本系统综述旨在确定是否有科学证据证明使用TBA的全职（FT） DWT方案比兼职（PT）方案更有效地治疗与下颌颌后缩相关的II类错颌。本系统评价已在普洛斯彼罗注册（CRD42023464575）。检索中心电子数据库（PubMed/MEDLINE， LILACS， EMBASE， SciELO和Scopus），以及截至2024年7月的灰色文献。对符合选择标准的摘要和原始文章进行审查。评估PT与FT DWT差异的随机对照试验和非随机干预研究符合纳入本综述的条件。两项研究符合选择标准。使用微传感器客观测量的DWT低于推荐的方案。一项研究发现，PT和FT DWT对矢状和垂直骨骼变化的影响相似，而另一项研究发现，FT组骨骼测量有显著改善。虽然在两项研究中，治疗后的过流明显减少，但只有一项研究表明，与PT组相比，FT组的过流明显减少。只有一项研究分析了软组织变化，但PT组和FT组之间没有统计学差异。由于研究数量少，结果矛盾，无法得出哪种DWT方案更有效。缺乏有力的科学证据意味着，作者威廉•克拉克（William Clark）本人最初对FT使用TBA的建议应予以维持。

{"title":"86 - Effectiveness of twin block appliance based on daily wear time - A systematic review","authors":"Ana Lúcia Ferreira , Patrícia Oliveira , Joana Borga , João Botelho , Iman Bugaighis , Pedro Mariano Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is currently no consensus in the literature concerning the daily wear time (DWT) protocol of Twin Block appliance (TBA) treatment. This systematic review aimed to determine whether scientific evidence proves that the full-time (FT) DWT protocol using TBA is more effective in treating Class II malocclusions related to mandibular retrognathism than the part-time (PT) protocol. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023464575). A search was conducted using the central electronic database (PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, SciELO and Scopus), in addition to grey literature until July 2024. Abstracts that fulfilled the selection criteria, as well as the original articles, were reviewed. Randomized control trials and non-randomized intervention studies assessing differences between PT vs FT DWT were eligible for inclusion in this review. Two studies fulfilled the selection criteria. DWT, measured objectively using microsensors, was lower than the recommended protocols. One study found a similar effect of PT and FT DWT on the sagittal and vertical skeletal changes, while the other investigation noticed a significant skeletal measurements improvement in the FT group. Although overjet significantly decreased following treatment in both studies, only one study showed that the FT group presented a significant overjet reduction compared to the PT group. Soft tissue changes were only analyzed by one of the studies, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the PT and FT groups. Due to the small number of studies and contradictory results, it is impossible to conclude which DWT protocol is more effective. The lack of robust scientific evidence implies that the original recommendation of the originator himself, William Clark, for FT use of TBA should be maintained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 427-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

67 - Dental autotransplantation in cleft lip and palate patients: a narrative review with systematic steps 自体牙移植在唇腭裂患者中的应用：有系统步骤的叙述回顾

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.071

Adriana De Alcantara Cury Saramago , Katarine Vasquez Lage , Bernardo Vecchiati , Juliana Lucas Monteiro , Cláudia Trindade Mattos , Vanessa Couto

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies with high prevalence in both the Brazilian and global populations. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology, and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, and speech therapists, as they affect anatomy, speech, swallowing, and social interaction. Various types of clefts exist, some extending to the alveolar ridge, which may be associated with congenital tooth agenesis, impacting both function and aesthetics. Agenesis is the most common dental anomaly in patients with CLP, necessitating traditional orthodontic treatment, such as upper tooth movement and, occasionally, extractions in the lower arch, to achieve proper occlusion. An alternative approach is the use of dental autotransplantation to replace missing teeth, particularly when extractions (often of premolars) are indicated, providing a potential donor tooth. This study aims to review the outcomes of dental autotransplantation in the rehabilitation of CLP patients through a narrative review with systematic steps. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database yielded 341 articles, and as a result, 12 met the eligibility criteria. Data extraction, qualification and/or risk of bias, and analysis of the articles were performed to address the research question. The average success rate, considering the stability, vitality preservation, and absence of complications of the transplanted tooth, was 89.4% in the selected articles. Most of them were case reports, although comparative observational studies were also included. It is expected that this review will inform and encourage professionals to consider this multidisciplinary solution for the patients addressed. We can conclude and suggest that dental autotransplantation is a viable treatment option for patients with agenesis in the context of CLP patients.

唇腭裂（CLP）是一种先天性畸形，在巴西和全球人群中都有很高的患病率。这些疾病具有多因素病因，其治疗需要多学科方法，包括医生、牙医、心理学家、营养学家和语言治疗师，因为它们影响解剖学、语言、吞咽和社会互动。存在各种类型的裂缝，有些延伸到牙槽嵴，这可能与先天性牙齿发育不全有关，影响功能和美观。发育不全是CLP患者最常见的牙齿异常，需要传统的正畸治疗，如上颌牙齿移动，偶尔在下弓拔出，以达到适当的咬合。另一种方法是使用牙齿自体移植来替代缺失的牙齿，特别是当需要拔牙（通常是前磨牙）时，提供潜在的供牙。本研究旨在系统回顾自体牙移植在CLP患者康复中的效果。对PubMed数据库的全面搜索产生了341篇文章，结果有12篇符合资格标准。进行数据提取、鉴定和/或偏倚风险以及文章分析，以解决研究问题。考虑到移植牙的稳定性、活力保持和无并发症，所选文章的平均成功率为89.4%。其中大多数是病例报告，尽管也包括比较观察性研究。预计这篇综述将告知并鼓励专业人员考虑针对患者的多学科解决方案。我们可以得出结论，并建议自体牙移植是CLP患者缺牙的一个可行的治疗选择。

{"title":"67 - Dental autotransplantation in cleft lip and palate patients: a narrative review with systematic steps","authors":"Adriana De Alcantara Cury Saramago , Katarine Vasquez Lage , Bernardo Vecchiati , Juliana Lucas Monteiro , Cláudia Trindade Mattos , Vanessa Couto","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies with high prevalence in both the Brazilian and global populations. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology, and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, and speech therapists, as they affect anatomy, speech, swallowing, and social interaction. Various types of clefts exist, some extending to the alveolar ridge, which may be associated with congenital tooth agenesis, impacting both function and aesthetics. Agenesis is the most common dental anomaly in patients with CLP, necessitating traditional orthodontic treatment, such as upper tooth movement and, occasionally, extractions in the lower arch, to achieve proper occlusion. An alternative approach is the use of dental autotransplantation to replace missing teeth, particularly when extractions (often of premolars) are indicated, providing a potential donor tooth. This study aims to review the outcomes of dental autotransplantation in the rehabilitation of CLP patients through a narrative review with systematic steps. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database yielded 341 articles, and as a result, 12 met the eligibility criteria. Data extraction, qualification and/or risk of bias, and analysis of the articles were performed to address the research question. The average success rate, considering the stability, vitality preservation, and absence of complications of the transplanted tooth, was 89.4% in the selected articles. Most of them were case reports, although comparative observational studies were also included. It is expected that this review will inform and encourage professionals to consider this multidisciplinary solution for the patients addressed. We can conclude and suggest that dental autotransplantation is a viable treatment option for patients with agenesis in the context of CLP patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 421-422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

53 - Comparison of efficacy of two indices (ARI and BARI) in assessing the orthodontic bond failure ARI和BARI两种指标评价正畸粘接失效的疗效比较

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.057

Saad Asad , Abeeha Abeeha Noor , Kinza Raza , Sana Munawar , Saad Asad

During orthodontic treatment if bracket failure occurs, it adversely affects the treatment outcome, prolongs treatment time, expenses and promotes patient discomfort. For quantifying such failures, indices such as the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and Bracket Adhesive Remnant Index (BARI) have been used. Aim of this study is thus to compare the efficacy of ARI and BARI in assessing orthodontic bond failure patterns. This study was designed as a comparative, observational, in-vivo study. Sample size was calculated using Epi Info version 7.2 for matched pair designs. Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 12–30 years undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, good oral hygiene, no enamel surface defects and provided informed consent. Failed brackets were carefully removed, and the enamel surface was examined under dental loupes (5x magnification) by a calibrated examiner. The ARI (0–3) and BARI (0–5) scoring were used to measure the residual adhesive present on enamel following debonding. Mean ARI score was 1.06 ± 0.88, and BARI score was 2.34 ± 1.69. There was a significant difference between ARI and BARI scores (p < 0.001) recorded for the failed brackets. It is thus concluded that the BARI index was more sensitive to detect the remnants of the adhesive than ARI.

在正畸治疗过程中，如果发生托架失效，会影响治疗效果，延长治疗时间和费用，增加患者的不适。为了量化这种失效，使用了诸如粘合剂残留指数（ARI）和支架粘合剂残留指数（BARI）等指标。因此，本研究的目的是比较ARI和BARI在评估正畸粘结失效模式方面的疗效。本研究被设计为一项比较、观察、体内研究。使用Epi Info 7.2版本计算配对设计的样本量。纳入标准：年龄12-30岁，接受固定正畸治疗，口腔卫生良好，无牙釉质表面缺陷并知情同意的患者。小心地取出失效的托槽，并由校准的检查员在牙镜（5倍放大）下检查牙釉质表面。使用ARI（0-3）和BARI（0-5）评分来测量脱粘后牙釉质上残留的粘接剂。平均ARI评分为1.06±0.88，BARI评分为2.34±1.69。在失败的括号中记录的ARI和BARI评分之间存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。由此可见，BARI指数对胶粘剂残留的检测比ARI指数更灵敏。

{"title":"53 - Comparison of efficacy of two indices (ARI and BARI) in assessing the orthodontic bond failure","authors":"Saad Asad , Abeeha Abeeha Noor , Kinza Raza , Sana Munawar , Saad Asad","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During orthodontic treatment if bracket failure occurs, it adversely affects the treatment outcome, prolongs treatment time, expenses and promotes patient discomfort. For quantifying such failures, indices such as the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and Bracket Adhesive Remnant Index (BARI) have been used. Aim of this study is thus to compare the efficacy of ARI and BARI in assessing orthodontic bond failure patterns. This study was designed as a comparative, observational, in-vivo study. Sample size was calculated using Epi Info version 7.2 for matched pair designs. Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 12–30 years undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, good oral hygiene, no enamel surface defects and provided informed consent. Failed brackets were carefully removed, and the enamel surface was examined under dental loupes (5x magnification) by a calibrated examiner. The ARI (0–3) and BARI (0–5) scoring were used to measure the residual adhesive present on enamel following debonding. Mean ARI score was 1.06 ± 0.88, and BARI score was 2.34 ± 1.69. There was a significant difference between ARI and BARI scores (p < 0.001) recorded for the failed brackets. It is thus concluded that the BARI index was more sensitive to detect the remnants of the adhesive than ARI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 416-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

20 - Analysis of temporomandibular joint spaces in centric occlusion using cone beam computed tomography 锥形束ct对中心型咬合患者颞下颌关节间隙的分析

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.024

Itzel Brambila Meza , Luisa Gabriela Rodríguez Contreras , Gianna Paola Escobedo Plata , Laura Roxana Valenzuela Ruiz , Antonio Estrada Valenzuela

Background: Centric relation is described as a stable and balanced position of the mandible, while centric occlusion is based on maximum contact between the teeth. These concepts are key to an accurate diagnosis in orthodontics. It has been suggested that condylar displacement can affect the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces in centric occlusion were analyzed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate their relationship with morphological and physiological variables in orthodontic patients.

Methods: The study included 43 previously untreated patients (86 condyles) from the Autonomous University of Baja California. Joint spaces were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes using CBCT and compared with the average values established by Ikeda. Skeletal variables were determined by cephalometry, classifying patients into classes I, II, and III.

Results: The results showed that female patients and skeletal class II were more common. No significant differences were found within the joint spaces between skeletal classes or sex. However, condylar asymmetries were observed, with greater stability in the right condyle. The values obtained in this study differed from Ikeda's averages.

Conclusions: It was concluded that there was no direct relationship between the morphological and physiological variables and joint spaces. This analysis highlights the importance of assessing condylar dimensions to improve diagnostic accuracy and orthodontic treatment. The observed asymmetries could be related to unilateral masticatory patterns or the cranial base.|

背景：中心关系被描述为下颌稳定和平衡的位置，而中心咬合是基于牙齿之间的最大接触。这些概念是正确诊断正畸的关键。髁突移位影响错牙合的诊断和治疗。目的：应用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）分析正畸患者正中咬合时颞下颌关节（TMJ）间隙与形态学和生理变量的关系。方法：该研究纳入了来自下加利福尼亚州自治大学的43例未经治疗的患者（86个髁）。使用CBCT在矢状面、冠状面和横切面评估关节间隙，并与Ikeda建立的平均值进行比较。颅骨测量测定骨骼变量，将患者分为I、II和III类。结果：结果显示女性患者多见，骨骼ⅱ类多见。在骨骼类别或性别之间的关节间隙内没有发现显著差异。然而，观察到髁突不对称，右髁更稳定。本研究获得的数值与池田的平均值不同。结论：形态学、生理学指标与关节间隙无直接关系。本分析强调了评估髁突尺寸对提高诊断准确性和正畸治疗的重要性。观察到的不对称可能与单侧咀嚼模式或颅底有关

{"title":"20 - Analysis of temporomandibular joint spaces in centric occlusion using cone beam computed tomography","authors":"Itzel Brambila Meza , Luisa Gabriela Rodríguez Contreras , Gianna Paola Escobedo Plata , Laura Roxana Valenzuela Ruiz , Antonio Estrada Valenzuela","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Centric relation is described as a stable and balanced position of the mandible, while centric occlusion is based on maximum contact between the teeth. These concepts are key to an accurate diagnosis in orthodontics. It has been suggested that condylar displacement can affect the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions.</div><div><strong>Objectives:</strong> Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces in centric occlusion were analyzed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate their relationship with morphological and physiological variables in orthodontic patients.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 43 previously untreated patients (86 condyles) from the Autonomous University of Baja California. Joint spaces were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes using CBCT and compared with the average values established by Ikeda. Skeletal variables were determined by cephalometry, classifying patients into classes I, II, and III.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that female patients and skeletal class II were more common. No significant differences were found within the joint spaces between skeletal classes or sex. However, condylar asymmetries were observed, with greater stability in the right condyle. The values obtained in this study differed from Ikeda's averages.</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was concluded that there was no direct relationship between the morphological and physiological variables and joint spaces. This analysis highlights the importance of assessing condylar dimensions to improve diagnostic accuracy and orthodontic treatment. The observed asymmetries could be related to unilateral masticatory patterns or the cranial base.|</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

6 - A comparison of the accuracy of artificial intelligence versus orthodontic clinicians in identifying cephalometric landmarks 人工智能与正畸临床医生在识别头侧标志的准确性比较

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.010

Yen Ming Lin , Asa Auta , Robert Ireland , Richard Cure , Jeremy Brown

Background

Accurate identification of cephalometric landmarks is essential for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Manual landmarking by orthodontic clinicians can be time-consuming and variable, particularly due to differences in experience. To address this, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed to automate cephalometric analysis, aiming to improve efficiency, accuracy, and consistency.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of selected skeletal and dental cephalometric landmarks and the resulting linear and angular measurements identified by commercial AI-based providers, compared to those obtained manually by orthodontic clinicians with varying experience against a reference standard.

Methods

Thirty-five lateral cephalometric radiographs from the IEEE ISBI Grand Challenge 2015 dataset were analysed. Ten landmarks were identified on each radiograph by nine calibrated orthodontic clinicians and four commercial AI providers. These were used to calculate nine cephalometric measurements, compared to a reference standard. Agreement among the clinicians was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Friedman’s test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test with Bonferroni correction, and Bland-Altman plots with linear regression were used to test for differences between groups.

Results

ICC values showed six of nine measurements from human clinicians had excellent inter-rater reliability. However, Friedman’s test indicated significant differences between the human clinicians and AI providers against the reference standard for all measurements. Post hoc analysis confirmed these findings. Bland-Altman plots also showed reduced accuracy and consistency across groups.

Conclusions

Both AI algorithms and manual methods showed limited agreement with the reference standard. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy, reliability, and clinical use of AI in cephalometric analysis.

背景：准确识别头部测量标志对于正畸诊断和治疗计划至关重要。正畸临床医生手动标记可能是耗时和可变的，特别是由于经验的差异。为了解决这个问题，人们开发了人工智能（AI）算法来自动进行头测分析，旨在提高效率、准确性和一致性。本研究旨在评估由商业人工智能提供者识别的选定骨骼和牙齿头部测量标志以及由此产生的线性和角度测量的准确性，与具有不同经验的正畸临床医生根据参考标准手动获得的结果进行比较。方法分析来自IEEE ISBI Grand Challenge 2015数据集的35张侧位头颅x线片。9名校准的正畸临床医生和4名商业人工智能提供者在每张x光片上确定了10个地标。与参考标准相比，这些被用来计算9个头侧测量值。临床医生之间的一致性使用类内相关系数（ICC）进行评估。采用Friedman检验，采用Bonferroni校正的Wilcoxon符号秩检验，采用线性回归的Bland-Altman图检验组间差异。结果icc值显示，来自人类临床医生的9个测量值中有6个具有出色的评分间可靠性。然而，Friedman的测试表明，与所有测量的参考标准相比，人类临床医生和人工智能提供者之间存在显著差异。事后分析证实了这些发现。Bland-Altman图也显示了组间准确性和一致性的降低。结论人工智能算法和人工方法与参考标准的一致性有限。需要进一步研究以提高人工智能在头颅测量分析中的准确性、可靠性和临床应用。

{"title":"6 - A comparison of the accuracy of artificial intelligence versus orthodontic clinicians in identifying cephalometric landmarks","authors":"Yen Ming Lin , Asa Auta , Robert Ireland , Richard Cure , Jeremy Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate identification of cephalometric landmarks is essential for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Manual landmarking by orthodontic clinicians can be time-consuming and variable, particularly due to differences in experience. To address this, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed to automate cephalometric analysis, aiming to improve efficiency, accuracy, and consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of selected skeletal and dental cephalometric landmarks and the resulting linear and angular measurements identified by commercial AI-based providers, compared to those obtained manually by orthodontic clinicians with varying experience against a reference standard.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five lateral cephalometric radiographs from the IEEE ISBI Grand Challenge 2015 dataset were analysed. Ten landmarks were identified on each radiograph by nine calibrated orthodontic clinicians and four commercial AI providers. These were used to calculate nine cephalometric measurements, compared to a reference standard. Agreement among the clinicians was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Friedman’s test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test with Bonferroni correction, and Bland-Altman plots with linear regression were used to test for differences between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICC values showed six of nine measurements from human clinicians had excellent inter-rater reliability. However, Friedman’s test indicated significant differences between the human clinicians and AI providers against the reference standard for all measurements. Post hoc analysis confirmed these findings. Bland-Altman plots also showed reduced accuracy and consistency across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both AI algorithms and manual methods showed limited agreement with the reference standard. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy, reliability, and clinical use of AI in cephalometric analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

8 - A facial maturation index based on cranium-to-face ratio as a predictor of skeletal maturity 基于颅面比的面部成熟指数作为骨骼成熟度的预测指标

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.012

Gabriela Trojahn , Paula Balestrin , Kelly Chiqueto , Eduardo Ferreira , Katherine Jaramillo Cevallos , Sérgio Estelita Barros

Background

Diagnostic methods to determine individual skeletal maturity have been reported to indicate treatment timing in orthodontics.

Objective

To evaluate the changes in cranium/face size ratio (Facial Maturation Index - FMI) between the skeletal maturity stages defined by cervical vertebral maturation (CVM).

Methods

The sample consisted of a set of lateral cephalograms selected from the records of 180 subjects from the Burlington Growth Center and the Forsyth Institute. For each lateral cephalogram, the face area (FA) and neurocranium area (NCA) were delimited and measured. The FMI was calculated by FA/NCA. The FMI was compared and correlated with the CVM stages using ANOVA and Spearman's correlation tests. ROC analysis evaluated the FMI diagnostic performance.

Results

The NCA was similar between all maturation stages. FA and FMI increased significantly with each advance in CVM stages. The female sample tended to have a lower facial growth rate and earlier facial growth acceleration, while males tended to have a longer growth spurt period. There was significant and positive correlation between FMI and CVM stages for female (0.768) and male (0.803) samples. Areas under ROC curves for FMI were 0.851 to female and 0.854 to male sample, showing good diagnostic performance of FMI for discriminating pre-peak maturation stage from peak and post-peak stages.

Conclusion

Changes in cranium-to-face ratio were strongly correlated with CVM maturation stages. The diagnostic performance of FMI shows that it is a clinically useful diagnostic aid for predicting facial growth.

背景：据报道，确定个体骨骼成熟度的诊断方法可以指示正畸治疗的时机。目的评价以颈椎成熟（CVM）为指标的不同骨骼成熟阶段颅骨/面部大小比值（面部成熟指数- FMI）的变化。方法从伯灵顿生长中心和福赛斯研究所180名受试者的记录中选择一套侧位脑电图作为样本。对于每个侧位脑电图，面部面积（FA）和神经头盖骨面积（NCA）被划定和测量。FMI采用FA/NCA计算。使用方差分析和Spearman相关检验比较FMI与CVM分期的相关性。ROC分析评价FMI诊断效果。结果各成熟阶段的NCA相似。随着CVM分期的进展，FA和FMI显著增加。女性的面部生长速度较慢，面部生长加速较早，而男性的生长突增期较长。女性（0.768）和男性（0.803）的FMI与CVM分期呈显著正相关。女性FMI的ROC曲线下面积为0.851，男性FMI的ROC曲线下面积为0.854，表明FMI对峰前成熟阶段、峰后成熟阶段有较好的诊断作用。结论颅面比的变化与CVM的成熟阶段密切相关。FMI的诊断性能表明它是一种临床上有用的预测面部生长的诊断辅助工具。

{"title":"8 - A facial maturation index based on cranium-to-face ratio as a predictor of skeletal maturity","authors":"Gabriela Trojahn , Paula Balestrin , Kelly Chiqueto , Eduardo Ferreira , Katherine Jaramillo Cevallos , Sérgio Estelita Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diagnostic methods to determine individual skeletal maturity have been reported to indicate treatment timing in orthodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the changes in cranium/face size ratio (Facial Maturation Index - FMI) between the skeletal maturity stages defined by cervical vertebral maturation (CVM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample consisted of a set of lateral cephalograms selected from the records of 180 subjects from the Burlington Growth Center and the Forsyth Institute. For each lateral cephalogram, the face area (FA) and neurocranium area (NCA) were delimited and measured. The FMI was calculated by FA/NCA. The FMI was compared and correlated with the CVM stages using ANOVA and Spearman's correlation tests. ROC analysis evaluated the FMI diagnostic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NCA was similar between all maturation stages. FA and FMI increased significantly with each advance in CVM stages. The female sample tended to have a lower facial growth rate and earlier facial growth acceleration, while males tended to have a longer growth spurt period. There was significant and positive correlation between FMI and CVM stages for female (0.768) and male (0.803) samples. Areas under ROC curves for FMI were 0.851 to female and 0.854 to male sample, showing good diagnostic performance of FMI for discriminating pre-peak maturation stage from peak and post-peak stages.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Changes in cranium-to-face ratio were strongly correlated with CVM maturation stages. The diagnostic performance of FMI shows that it is a clinically useful diagnostic aid for predicting facial growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliability of Comprehensive Facial Soft Tissue Landmark Detection and Analysis Using Frontal View Photographs 基于正面图像的综合面部软组织地标检测与分析的可靠性。

IF 3.2 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.732

Sahel Hassanzadeh-Samani , Zeynab Pirayesh , Parisa Motie , Mohammad Soroush Ghorbanimehr , Arash Farzan , Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi , Mohammad Behnaz , Saeed Reza Motamedian

Background

Facial soft tissue analysis plays a vital role in orthodontics, orthognathic surgeries, and forensic anthropology. This study aimed to determine a standardized midline to assess the reliability of symmetry analysis in frontal view photographs. Additionally, it evaluated the consistency of soft tissue landmark detection and analysis between different observers and over time.

Methods

A power analysis determined the need for a total of 50 standardized frontal-view photographs. These photographs were obtained from Iranian patients aged 9–40 who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Thirty-seven standardized landmarks were annotated across the face, facilitating 73 distinct facial analyses. Five midlines were compared to identify the most reliable one for symmetry assessments. A Python-based automated framework was created to calculate the analyses based on landmarks’ x and y coordinates. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) metrics.

Results

Among the 5 midlines for symmetry analysis, the perpendicular of the interpupillary line passing through the glabella was found to be the most reliable. Overall, the analyses demonstrated relatively good reliability. However, certain landmark points, specifically Gonion (Go), Malar Eminence (ME), Zygion (Zy'), Frontotemporale (Ft'L), and Trichion (Tr'), exhibited lower reliability. Consequently, the reliability of specific analyses, including Bizygomatic width/Facial width, Nasal bridge width/ Endocanthions’ distance, and horizontal symmetry of Go', N', and Zy' was reduced.

Conclusion

This study presents a comprehensive collection of soft tissue landmarks, facial analyses, and their corresponding inter- and intra-observer reliability. Furthermore, the most reliable facial midline for symmetry analysis was determined. This study demonstrated that certain indices defined in three dimensions have lower reliability when drawn in 2-dimensional images, affecting the reliability of derived analyses.

背景：面部软组织分析在正畸学、正颌外科和法医人类学中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在确定一个标准化的中线，以评估对称分析在正面视图照片的可靠性。此外，它还评估了不同观察者之间和随时间的软组织地标检测和分析的一致性。方法：功率分析确定了总共需要50张标准化正面视图照片。这些照片来自9-40岁正在接受正畸治疗的伊朗患者。37个标准化的标志被标注在面部，促进73种不同的面部分析。比较了五条中线，以确定最可靠的对称评估。一个基于python的自动化框架被创建来计算基于地标的x和y坐标的分析。使用类内相关系数（ICC）和平均绝对偏差（MAD）指标评估观察者间和观察者内的信度。结果：在对称分析的5条中线中，以经眉间线的垂线为最可靠的。总的来说，分析显示了相对较好的可靠性。然而，某些地标点，特别是Gonion （Go）、Malar隆起（ME）、Zygion （Zy’）、Frontotemporale （Ft’l）和Trichion （Tr’），表现出较低的信度。因此，特定分析的可靠性降低，包括Bizygomatic宽度/面部宽度，鼻桥宽度/内眦壁距离，Go‘， N’和Zy'的水平对称性。结论：本研究提供了软组织标志、面部分析及其相应的观察者之间和观察者内部可靠性的综合收集。此外，确定了最可靠的面部中线进行对称分析。本研究表明，某些在三维中定义的指标在二维图像中绘制时可靠性较低，影响了导出分析的可靠性。

{"title":"Reliability of Comprehensive Facial Soft Tissue Landmark Detection and Analysis Using Frontal View Photographs","authors":"Sahel Hassanzadeh-Samani , Zeynab Pirayesh , Parisa Motie , Mohammad Soroush Ghorbanimehr , Arash Farzan , Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi , Mohammad Behnaz , Saeed Reza Motamedian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Facial soft tissue analysis plays a vital role in orthodontics, orthognathic surgeries, and forensic anthropology. This study aimed to determine a standardized midline to assess the reliability of symmetry analysis in frontal view photographs. Additionally, it evaluated the consistency of soft tissue landmark detection and analysis between different observers and over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A power analysis determined the need for a total of 50 standardized frontal-view photographs. These photographs were obtained from Iranian patients aged 9–40 who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Thirty-seven standardized landmarks were annotated across the face, facilitating 73 distinct facial analyses. Five midlines were compared to identify the most reliable one for symmetry assessments. A Python-based automated framework was created to calculate the analyses based on landmarks’ x and y coordinates. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 5 midlines for symmetry analysis, the perpendicular of the interpupillary line passing through the glabella was found to be the most reliable. Overall, the analyses demonstrated relatively good reliability. However, certain landmark points, specifically Gonion (Go), Malar Eminence (ME), Zygion (Zy'), Frontotemporale (Ft'L), and Trichion (Tr'), exhibited lower reliability. Consequently, the reliability of specific analyses, including Bizygomatic width/Facial width, Nasal bridge width/ Endocanthions’ distance, and horizontal symmetry of Go', N', and Zy' was reduced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study presents a comprehensive collection of soft tissue landmarks, facial analyses, and their corresponding inter- and intra-observer reliability. Furthermore, the most reliable facial midline for symmetry analysis was determined. This study demonstrated that certain indices defined in three dimensions have lower reliability when drawn in 2-dimensional images, affecting the reliability of derived analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0