Victoria Olt, J. Báez, S. Jorcin, Tomás López, A. M. Fernández-Fernández, Alejandra Medrano Fernandez
Tannat skin from grape pomace is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds and dietary fiber. In previous studies we have seen that it has antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity, with the potential to prevent the development of chronic diseases. In this work, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds of an ethanolic extract derived from Tannat grape skin by microparticles of whey protein isolate (without and with enzymatic hydrolysis) and inulin (3:1) is proposed for its application in yogurt as a potential functional food. Spray drying encapsulation was carried out using a tabletop spray dryer (inlet air temperature: 100-140°C, Flow: 600 L/h). The encapsulation efficiency was higher for the encapsulant without hydrolysis (29.7%). Total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau, and the antioxidant capacity by ABTS and ORAC-FL, obtaining a polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity increase with the addition of extract:encapsulant (1:1) (p<0.05). The microparticles were incorporated into the yogurt, characterizing it by color, and observing a significant increase (p<0.05) of antioxidant capacity by ORAC-FL. In conclusion, spray drying is a suitable methodology for encapsulating Tannat grape skin extract for its application in yogurts as a natural colorant and antioxidant ingredient.
{"title":"Encapsulated bioactive compounds from a winemaking byproduct for its application as functional ingredient in yogurt","authors":"Victoria Olt, J. Báez, S. Jorcin, Tomás López, A. M. Fernández-Fernández, Alejandra Medrano Fernandez","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.794","url":null,"abstract":"Tannat skin from grape pomace is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds and dietary fiber. In previous studies we have seen that it has antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity, with the potential to prevent the development of chronic diseases. In this work, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds of an ethanolic extract derived from Tannat grape skin by microparticles of whey protein isolate (without and with enzymatic hydrolysis) and inulin (3:1) is proposed for its application in yogurt as a potential functional food. Spray drying encapsulation was carried out using a tabletop spray dryer (inlet air temperature: 100-140°C, Flow: 600 L/h). The encapsulation efficiency was higher for the encapsulant without hydrolysis (29.7%). Total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau, and the antioxidant capacity by ABTS and ORAC-FL, obtaining a polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity increase with the addition of extract:encapsulant (1:1) (p<0.05). The microparticles were incorporated into the yogurt, characterizing it by color, and observing a significant increase (p<0.05) of antioxidant capacity by ORAC-FL. In conclusion, spray drying is a suitable methodology for encapsulating Tannat grape skin extract for its application in yogurts as a natural colorant and antioxidant ingredient.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82321327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda Isabel Zaccari Veiga, A. Saadoun, María Cristina Cabrera Bascardal
Fruit and vegetable consumption contributes essential nutrients and bioactive compounds to maintain optimal health, with a positive impact on the physical, mental, and social life. Evidence shows that the daily intake of different vegetables mitigates the risk of micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable, chronic, serious, and/or fatal diseases. To promote consumption, public policies require knowledge of fruit and vegetable properties, nutrient content, and the particular effects on the new aspects of life quality such as antiaging or immunity and the impact of agricultural practices, processing, conservation and domestic preparation on these properties. The first section of this review emphasizes the nutrient content in fruits and vegetables, functional bioactive compounds, bio-accessibility, and alterations induced by production systems and/or postharvest storage, variety, and fruit or vegetable physiological state. A second and special section deals with fruits and vegetables produced in Uruguay, showing recent research carried out in the country, and a third section refers to the perspectives for the application of public policies and promotional policies for consumers, of this special health marker associated with vegetables.
{"title":"Nutrients and bioactive compounds naturally packed in fruits and vegetables: an innovative tool for public policies","authors":"Fernanda Isabel Zaccari Veiga, A. Saadoun, María Cristina Cabrera Bascardal","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.917","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit and vegetable consumption contributes essential nutrients and bioactive compounds to maintain optimal health, with a positive impact on the physical, mental, and social life. Evidence shows that the daily intake of different vegetables mitigates the risk of micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable, chronic, serious, and/or fatal diseases. To promote consumption, public policies require knowledge of fruit and vegetable properties, nutrient content, and the particular effects on the new aspects of life quality such as antiaging or immunity and the impact of agricultural practices, processing, conservation and domestic preparation on these properties. The first section of this review emphasizes the nutrient content in fruits and vegetables, functional bioactive compounds, bio-accessibility, and alterations induced by production systems and/or postharvest storage, variety, and fruit or vegetable physiological state. A second and special section deals with fruits and vegetables produced in Uruguay, showing recent research carried out in the country, and a third section refers to the perspectives for the application of public policies and promotional policies for consumers, of this special health marker associated with vegetables.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86348688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Looking for an effective, affordable and sustainable approach to control pest species: the case of screwworm","authors":"A. Menchaca","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74741866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Etchevers, M. V. Iriarte, L. Marqués, A. Ferenczi, M. Dalla Rizza, J. Marzaroli, A. Saravia, P. Fresia
Controlling a pest species raises questions about the harmful effects its eradication could cause in ecosystems. Currently, in Uruguay are being analyzed strategies to eradicate the New World Screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), an obligatory ectoparasite that causes myiasis in warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The loss of a species implies a risk of secondary extinctions and cascading effects that depend on the ecological function of the species and the capacity of the rest of the species with which it interacts to compensate for its loss. To assess the ecological impact of the NWS eradication, we analyzed its ecological redundancy, its effect as an indirect regulatory agent for other species, and its participation in critical ecosystem functions. We conclude that the NWS presents high functional redundancy in most ecological interactions. It does not play an essential role as a regulatory agent of other species and does not play an important role in critical ecosystem functions. Without ignoring the information gaps that certainly exist about the ecological interactions network of the NWS in Uruguay, we estimate that its eradication is unlikely to cause secondary extinctions or cascading effects in the networks it integrates. In order to timely detect possible impacts during the course of the program, it is recommended to monitor the ecosystems using indicators related to direct and indirect partners in the ecological interactions of the NWS.
{"title":"Review on ecological interactions of the Cochliomyia hominivorax fly and assessment of the possible impacts of its eradication in Uruguay","authors":"I. Etchevers, M. V. Iriarte, L. Marqués, A. Ferenczi, M. Dalla Rizza, J. Marzaroli, A. Saravia, P. Fresia","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling a pest species raises questions about the harmful effects its eradication could cause in ecosystems. Currently, in Uruguay are being analyzed strategies to eradicate the New World Screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), an obligatory ectoparasite that causes myiasis in warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The loss of a species implies a risk of secondary extinctions and cascading effects that depend on the ecological function of the species and the capacity of the rest of the species with which it interacts to compensate for its loss. To assess the ecological impact of the NWS eradication, we analyzed its ecological redundancy, its effect as an indirect regulatory agent for other species, and its participation in critical ecosystem functions. We conclude that the NWS presents high functional redundancy in most ecological interactions. It does not play an essential role as a regulatory agent of other species and does not play an important role in critical ecosystem functions. Without ignoring the information gaps that certainly exist about the ecological interactions network of the NWS in Uruguay, we estimate that its eradication is unlikely to cause secondary extinctions or cascading effects in the networks it integrates. In order to timely detect possible impacts during the course of the program, it is recommended to monitor the ecosystems using indicators related to direct and indirect partners in the ecological interactions of the NWS.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Navas, Vanessa Erasun, Rafael Banega, G. Sapriza, A. Saracho, P. Gamazo
Agricultural irrigation projects require information on the quantity and frequency of streamflow to design irrigation systems. On the one hand, this information is obtained from gauging stations or hydrologic models. On the other hand, there are few gauging stations, and hydrologic models are expensive to implement, especially for small irrigation projects. This work proposes a method for estimating spatially distributed Flow Duration Curves (FDC), and describes the SanAntonioApp interactive application with open access and repository, which is used to share the results of this work. The proposed framework uses three years of records of a rich hydrometeorological network to implement, optimise and cross-validate the WFLOW-HBV distributed hydrologic model in San Antonio Creek (Salto, Uruguay). Then, FDC are generated by extending the simulation period with the long records of an agro-climatological station (30 years). The results of this work contribute to evaluate the water availability of the San Antonio catchment and provide information on how often this availability is guaranteed. In addition, the application allows estimating the probability of exceedance of the daily streamflow for a given month and location. This function could be used to estimate the environmental flow established in the current water regulation in Uruguay.
{"title":"SanAntonioApp: interactive visualization and repository of spatially distributed flow duration curves of the San Antonio Creek - Uruguay","authors":"R. Navas, Vanessa Erasun, Rafael Banega, G. Sapriza, A. Saracho, P. Gamazo","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.979","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural irrigation projects require information on the quantity and frequency of streamflow to design irrigation systems. On the one hand, this information is obtained from gauging stations or hydrologic models. On the other hand, there are few gauging stations, and hydrologic models are expensive to implement, especially for small irrigation projects. This work proposes a method for estimating spatially distributed Flow Duration Curves (FDC), and describes the SanAntonioApp interactive application with open access and repository, which is used to share the results of this work. The proposed framework uses three years of records of a rich hydrometeorological network to implement, optimise and cross-validate the WFLOW-HBV distributed hydrologic model in San Antonio Creek (Salto, Uruguay). Then, FDC are generated by extending the simulation period with the long records of an agro-climatological station (30 years). The results of this work contribute to evaluate the water availability of the San Antonio catchment and provide information on how often this availability is guaranteed. In addition, the application allows estimating the probability of exceedance of the daily streamflow for a given month and location. This function could be used to estimate the environmental flow established in the current water regulation in Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80821114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amorós, Lautaro Lagarde, Valentina Poloni, Andrés González
The citrus borer, Diploschema rotundicolle, is a South American cerambycid beetle considered a primary citrus pest in Uruguay. Serious focalized population explosions have been registered in recent years, particularly in lemon orchards. The larvae feed on the woody tissue, causing tree deterioration and reducing grove productivity and value. Current management relies on cultural control, which is expensive and ineffective partially because of imprecise timing of interventions. Monitoring tools for adults or information of their flight periods in Uruguay are not available thus far. Working in lemon groves in southern Uruguay throughout four flight seasons (2015-2020), we used cross-vane traps coupled with white light devices to capture night-flying adults, and mesh covers around infested trees to study adult emergence. Visual observation of larval activity and oviposition damage were also performed throughout the year. Finally, Eucalyptus globulus windbreaks were checked underneath loosen barks for hidden adults. Throughout all four seasons, adult flight occurred between late January and early April, with a maximum around mid-February. Emergence from mesh-covered trees was observed in the same period. In general, oviposition damage was observed closely after the peak of adult catches. Mostly females were both trapped in light traps and emerged from infested trees. Larval activity was registered all year long. Adults were found sheltered under E. globulus barks; in this case, mostly individual males or couples were found. This study provides a monitoring tool for D. rotundicolle adult flight and information on bio-ecological aspects of this pest in southern Uruguay.
{"title":"Monitoring and study of bio-ecological aspects of the citrus borer, Diploschema rotundicolle (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae), in southern-Uruguay lemon orchards","authors":"M. Amorós, Lautaro Lagarde, Valentina Poloni, Andrés González","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1064","url":null,"abstract":"The citrus borer, Diploschema rotundicolle, is a South American cerambycid beetle considered a primary citrus pest in Uruguay. Serious focalized population explosions have been registered in recent years, particularly in lemon orchards. The larvae feed on the woody tissue, causing tree deterioration and reducing grove productivity and value. Current management relies on cultural control, which is expensive and ineffective partially because of imprecise timing of interventions. Monitoring tools for adults or information of their flight periods in Uruguay are not available thus far. Working in lemon groves in southern Uruguay throughout four flight seasons (2015-2020), we used cross-vane traps coupled with white light devices to capture night-flying adults, and mesh covers around infested trees to study adult emergence. Visual observation of larval activity and oviposition damage were also performed throughout the year. Finally, Eucalyptus globulus windbreaks were checked underneath loosen barks for hidden adults. Throughout all four seasons, adult flight occurred between late January and early April, with a maximum around mid-February. Emergence from mesh-covered trees was observed in the same period. In general, oviposition damage was observed closely after the peak of adult catches. Mostly females were both trapped in light traps and emerged from infested trees. Larval activity was registered all year long. Adults were found sheltered under E. globulus barks; in this case, mostly individual males or couples were found. This study provides a monitoring tool for D. rotundicolle adult flight and information on bio-ecological aspects of this pest in southern Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One control strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is genetic selection. This study´s objective was to compare eggs per gram of feces (FEC) and fiber diameter (FD) estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomic EBV (GEBV) in Corriedale breed. Analysis included 19547 lambs with data, and 454, 711 and 383 genotypes from 170, 507 and 50K SNP chips, respectively. A univariate animal model was used for EBV and GEBV estimation, which included contemporary group, type of birth and dam age as fixed effects, and age at recording as covariate. Differential weights (α) were considered in the genomic relationship matrix (G), and the best fit models were identified using Akaike´s Information Criterion (AIC), which were later used for GEBV and accuracies estimation. The use of α only impacted on low density SNP chips. No differences were observed in mean accuracies for the whole population. However, in the genotyped subgroup accuracies increased by 2% with the 170 SNP chip (α=0.25), and by 5% (α=0.5) and 14% (α=0.75) with the 507 SNP chip. No differences were observed in FD EBV and GEBV mean accuracies. These results show that it is possible to increase GEBV accuracies despite the use of low-density chips.
{"title":"SNP arrays evaluation as tools in genetic improvement in Corriedale sheep in Uruguay","authors":"B. Carracelas, E. Navajas, B. Vera, G. Ciappesoni","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.998","url":null,"abstract":"One control strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is genetic selection. This study´s objective was to compare eggs per gram of feces (FEC) and fiber diameter (FD) estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomic EBV (GEBV) in Corriedale breed. Analysis included 19547 lambs with data, and 454, 711 and 383 genotypes from 170, 507 and 50K SNP chips, respectively. A univariate animal model was used for EBV and GEBV estimation, which included contemporary group, type of birth and dam age as fixed effects, and age at recording as covariate. Differential weights (α) were considered in the genomic relationship matrix (G), and the best fit models were identified using Akaike´s Information Criterion (AIC), which were later used for GEBV and accuracies estimation. The use of α only impacted on low density SNP chips. No differences were observed in mean accuracies for the whole population. However, in the genotyped subgroup accuracies increased by 2% with the 170 SNP chip (α=0.25), and by 5% (α=0.5) and 14% (α=0.75) with the 507 SNP chip. No differences were observed in FD EBV and GEBV mean accuracies. These results show that it is possible to increase GEBV accuracies despite the use of low-density chips.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78257478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micaela Vigliecca, P. González, A. Machín, E. Vicente, E. Silvera
Since 2015, a high mortality rate of strawberry plants has been observed in the north of Uruguay related to crown and root diseases caused by a pathogens complex. In 2016, associated with the death of plants, Cylindrocarpon spp. was isolated with a frequency of 42.4 %, ranking third, preceded by Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Fusarium spp. Aiming to increase the knowledge of the pathogens that integrate the complex, three isolates of Cylindrocarpon spp. were characterized by molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses in strawberry plants. Dactylonectria novozelandica was identified as causal agent of crown and root necrosis of strawberry in Salto, Uruguay.
{"title":"First report of root and crown rot caused by Dactylonectria novozelandica on strawberry in Uruguay","authors":"Micaela Vigliecca, P. González, A. Machín, E. Vicente, E. Silvera","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.962","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2015, a high mortality rate of strawberry plants has been observed in the north of Uruguay related to crown and root diseases caused by a pathogens complex. In 2016, associated with the death of plants, Cylindrocarpon spp. was isolated with a frequency of 42.4 %, ranking third, preceded by Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Fusarium spp. Aiming to increase the knowledge of the pathogens that integrate the complex, three isolates of Cylindrocarpon spp. were characterized by molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses in strawberry plants. Dactylonectria novozelandica was identified as causal agent of crown and root necrosis of strawberry in Salto, Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80186065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olive cultivation has been spread across Brazil subtropical regions, but yields have been variable through years and locations. The objectives of this work were to characterize the reproductive phenology and quantify some productive indexes of three olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki) in the warm, humid subtropical climate of western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Shoots of the three cultivars were marked and the quantitative indices of flowering and fruiting were observed periodically. At the same time, the reproductive phenology was evaluated following the BBCH scale, during three seasons, in Chapecó. Reproductive budburst varied from 0 to 32%, which resulted in a relatively low number of flowers per meter of shoot if compared to traditional growing regions, unlike fruit set rates (3.69 to 11.39%), which were similar. Compared to other regions, flowering time was early: inflorescences started to grow from end of June to mid-July, depending on the year. Then maturation was precocious as well, from the end of December to mid-March, and it was later in Koroneiki. The low flowering intensity with risk of frost damages discourages the production initiative in the region.
{"title":"Olive reproductive phenology in a warm and humid region of Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"Eduardo Cesar Brugnara, Rafael Roveri Sabião","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.898","url":null,"abstract":"Olive cultivation has been spread across Brazil subtropical regions, but yields have been variable through years and locations. The objectives of this work were to characterize the reproductive phenology and quantify some productive indexes of three olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki) in the warm, humid subtropical climate of western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Shoots of the three cultivars were marked and the quantitative indices of flowering and fruiting were observed periodically. At the same time, the reproductive phenology was evaluated following the BBCH scale, during three seasons, in Chapecó. Reproductive budburst varied from 0 to 32%, which resulted in a relatively low number of flowers per meter of shoot if compared to traditional growing regions, unlike fruit set rates (3.69 to 11.39%), which were similar. Compared to other regions, flowering time was early: inflorescences started to grow from end of June to mid-July, depending on the year. Then maturation was precocious as well, from the end of December to mid-March, and it was later in Koroneiki. The low flowering intensity with risk of frost damages discourages the production initiative in the region.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89133943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
César Nicolás Fassana, E. Hoffman, A. Berger, O. Ernst
Current nitrogen (N) fertilization schedule for spring wheat was developed under a dominant crop-pasture rotation. After the year 2002, this cropping system was converted to continuous annual cropping systems under no-till, reducing soil N supply capacity progressively. Additionally, highest grain yield of new varieties increased N demand. The required additional N fertilizer can be adjusted by monitoring nutritional status of the crop. Our objectives were: i) to determine optimal N status at different phenological stages; ii) to quantify the wheat yield gap explained by N supply deficit, and iii) to assess the critical nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) value as a predictor of response to N fertilizer applied at GS 3.3. We adjusted the nitrogen dilution curve (Nc=4.17DM-0.31), deriving a critical NNI at GS 3.3 (NNI=1.24). Depending on soil N supply capacity and NNI at GS 3.3, wheat yield gap attributed to N supply deficit varied from 0 to 2.74 Mg ha-1, averaging 0.76 Mg ha-1. The critical NNI proposed at GS 3.3 was effective to diagnose the N crop demand to reach the attainable yield under different scenarios.
{"title":"Nitrogen nutrition index at GS 3.3 is an effective tool to adjust nitrogen required to reach attainable wheat yield","authors":"César Nicolás Fassana, E. Hoffman, A. Berger, O. Ernst","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.924","url":null,"abstract":"Current nitrogen (N) fertilization schedule for spring wheat was developed under a dominant crop-pasture rotation. After the year 2002, this cropping system was converted to continuous annual cropping systems under no-till, reducing soil N supply capacity progressively. Additionally, highest grain yield of new varieties increased N demand. The required additional N fertilizer can be adjusted by monitoring nutritional status of the crop. Our objectives were: i) to determine optimal N status at different phenological stages; ii) to quantify the wheat yield gap explained by N supply deficit, and iii) to assess the critical nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) value as a predictor of response to N fertilizer applied at GS 3.3. We adjusted the nitrogen dilution curve (Nc=4.17DM-0.31), deriving a critical NNI at GS 3.3 (NNI=1.24). Depending on soil N supply capacity and NNI at GS 3.3, wheat yield gap attributed to N supply deficit varied from 0 to 2.74 Mg ha-1, averaging 0.76 Mg ha-1. The critical NNI proposed at GS 3.3 was effective to diagnose the N crop demand to reach the attainable yield under different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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