The desirability of fermented foods may be attributed to their benefits. This study investigated the pH, in vitro antimicrobial assays including Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and disc diffusion assay of fermented and non-fermented samples of Zingiber officinale against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. But phytochemical screening, proximate compositions, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were carried out only on the non-fermented sample. The pH decreased steadily throughout while the MIC ranged between 12.5 – 50.0 mg/mL. The MIC of the non-fermented sample ranged between 25-50.0 mg/Ml. The highest zones of inhibition obtained were between 8.0 mm- 16.0 mm at 100 mg/mL, 8.0 mm- 14.00 mm at 50.0 mg/mL, and 2.00-8.4 mm at 25 mg/mL. Comparatively, the zones were higher (6.8-8.4 mm) for the fermented than for the non-fermented sample (1.8-4.0 mm) and higher against S. aureus (4-16.0 mm) than E. coli (2.0 -12.0 mm) and C. albicans (2.0-6.0 mm). The fermented sample contained alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids were in the non-fermented sample. The fermented sample contained 87.31% moisture, 1.24% ash, 0.29% fat, 9.73% carbohydrate, 0.24% fiber, and 1.48% protein, while the non-fermented sample contained 83.10% moisture, 1.02% ash, 0.21% fat, 14.46% carbohydrate, 0.18% fiber, and 1.24% protein. HPLC revealed Alpha farnesene (51.77), zingiberene (11.30), zingerone (14.53), 6-gingerol (12.44), and quercetin (35.21) in the fermented sample. Thus, the fermented sample of Zingiber officinale is a suitable candidate for the promotion of human health.
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS, PROXIMATE ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED SAMPLES OF Zingiber officinale","authors":"M. Falana, Morufat Adewale, Abdulsamad Adeshina, Maryam Sadiq, Quadri Olaide Nurudeen","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0928","url":null,"abstract":"The desirability of fermented foods may be attributed to their benefits. This study investigated the pH, in vitro antimicrobial assays including Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and disc diffusion assay of fermented and non-fermented samples of Zingiber officinale against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. But phytochemical screening, proximate compositions, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were carried out only on the non-fermented sample. The pH decreased steadily throughout while the MIC ranged between 12.5 – 50.0 mg/mL. The MIC of the non-fermented sample ranged between 25-50.0 mg/Ml. The highest zones of inhibition obtained were between 8.0 mm- 16.0 mm at 100 mg/mL, 8.0 mm- 14.00 mm at 50.0 mg/mL, and 2.00-8.4 mm at 25 mg/mL. Comparatively, the zones were higher (6.8-8.4 mm) for the fermented than for the non-fermented sample (1.8-4.0 mm) and higher against S. aureus (4-16.0 mm) than E. coli (2.0 -12.0 mm) and C. albicans (2.0-6.0 mm). The fermented sample contained alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids were in the non-fermented sample. The fermented sample contained 87.31% moisture, 1.24% ash, 0.29% fat, 9.73% carbohydrate, 0.24% fiber, and 1.48% protein, while the non-fermented sample contained 83.10% moisture, 1.02% ash, 0.21% fat, 14.46% carbohydrate, 0.18% fiber, and 1.24% protein. HPLC revealed Alpha farnesene (51.77), zingiberene (11.30), zingerone (14.53), 6-gingerol (12.44), and quercetin (35.21) in the fermented sample. Thus, the fermented sample of Zingiber officinale is a suitable candidate for the promotion of human health.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02267
A. Maksuwan, Arpapong Changjan, P. Pramuanl
Extensive research has been conducted on a modeling approach that contributes to predicting the critical temperature of Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) materials. Statistical significance of differences in modeling approaches requires studies that can reliably distinguish between systematic approach effects and errors resulting from modeling approach variation. In this work, we introduce analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the statistical significance of differences in modeling approach variation. Comparisons of obtained results with YBCO modeling approach variation data of support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with natural logarithm transformation (LRNLT) were presented.
{"title":"THE APPLICATION OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TO DIFFERENT YTTRIUM BARIUM COPPER OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION TEMPERATURE MODELING","authors":"A. Maksuwan, Arpapong Changjan, P. Pramuanl","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02267","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research has been conducted on a modeling approach that contributes to predicting the critical temperature of Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) materials. Statistical significance of differences in modeling approaches requires studies that can reliably distinguish between systematic approach effects and errors resulting from modeling approach variation. In this work, we introduce analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the statistical significance of differences in modeling approach variation. Comparisons of obtained results with YBCO modeling approach variation data of support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with natural logarithm transformation (LRNLT) were presented.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e03020
Chanwit Pa-art, W. Nuansing
Vat photopolymerization 3D printing, including LCD 3D printing, is a versatile method for the fabrication of complex structures with numerous applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as an additive for improving the mechanical properties of carbon-filled composite resin for LCD 3D printing. Tensile testing was conducted on the 3D-printed samples using the ASTM D638 type V standard model. The results indicated that adding 0.1% w/w GNP with 20 sec of exposure time increased the elastic modulus of the specimen from 7.31±1.02 MPa to 9.38±0.37 MPa for x-orientation (horizontal) and from 7.62±0.93 MPa to 9.58±0.61 MPa for y-orientation (vertical). Furthermore, the maximum tensile strength increased from 3.87±1.13 MPa to 5.28±0.73 MPa for y-orientation and from 4.06±0.92 MPa to 5.49±0.49 MPa for x-orientation. These results demonstrate the efficacy of GNP as an effective additive for enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon-based composite resin in LCD 3D printing.
大桶光聚合三维打印（包括液晶三维打印）是一种制造复杂结构的多功能方法，应用广泛。本研究旨在探究石墨烯纳米片（GNP）作为添加剂改善用于 LCD 3D 打印的碳填充复合树脂机械性能的潜力。采用 ASTM D638 V 型标准模型对 3D 打印样品进行了拉伸测试。结果表明，添加 0.1% w/w GNP 并暴露 20 秒后，试样在 x 方向（水平）的弹性模量从 7.31±1.02 兆帕增加到 9.38±0.37 兆帕，在 y 方向（垂直）的弹性模量从 7.62±0.93 兆帕增加到 9.58±0.61 兆帕。此外，y 方向的最大拉伸强度从 3.87±1.13 兆帕增至 5.28±0.73 兆帕，x 方向的最大拉伸强度从 4.06±0.92 兆帕增至 5.49±0.49 兆帕。这些结果表明，GNP 是一种有效的添加剂，可提高 LCD 3D 打印中碳基复合树脂的机械性能。
{"title":"MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS COMPOSITE RESIN FABRICATED BY 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUE","authors":"Chanwit Pa-art, W. Nuansing","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e03020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e03020","url":null,"abstract":"Vat photopolymerization 3D printing, including LCD 3D printing, is a versatile method for the fabrication of complex structures with numerous applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as an additive for improving the mechanical properties of carbon-filled composite resin for LCD 3D printing. Tensile testing was conducted on the 3D-printed samples using the ASTM D638 type V standard model. The results indicated that adding 0.1% w/w GNP with 20 sec of exposure time increased the elastic modulus of the specimen from 7.31±1.02 MPa to 9.38±0.37 MPa for x-orientation (horizontal) and from 7.62±0.93 MPa to 9.58±0.61 MPa for y-orientation (vertical). Furthermore, the maximum tensile strength increased from 3.87±1.13 MPa to 5.28±0.73 MPa for y-orientation and from 4.06±0.92 MPa to 5.49±0.49 MPa for x-orientation. These results demonstrate the efficacy of GNP as an effective additive for enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon-based composite resin in LCD 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02979
Thwet Thwet Win, Thanyarat Buasiri, W. Pansuk, L. Prasittisopin
Cement production is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world. To reduce CO2 emissions from cement, supplementary cementing materials have been widely introduced in mortar and concrete mixtures. This research will explore the mechanism that determines the development of compressive strength in mortar made with partly substituted cement and a mixture of limestone powder and laboratory-quenching heat-treated kaolinite clay (also called metakaolin). Metakaolin is rich in Southeast Asian countries and needs further investigation to adopt in cement systems. Limestone powder and metakaolin constitute 45% of the binding cement ingredient by weight (dry). The strength was evaluated using mortar, and the microstructure was determined using paste. The results show that at 28 days, the compressive strength of mortar containing 45% cement substitution by 15% limestone powder and 30% metakaolin with 1% PCE (per B45S 1:2) was 97% relative to the reference mortar. However, due to the impurities in metakaolin, its synergistic interaction is limited, which results in the compressive strength being lower than anticipated.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF COMBINATIONS OF LIMESTONE POWDER AND METAKAOLIN ON MORTAR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Thwet Thwet Win, Thanyarat Buasiri, W. Pansuk, L. Prasittisopin","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e02979","url":null,"abstract":"Cement production is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world. To reduce CO2 emissions from cement, supplementary cementing materials have been widely introduced in mortar and concrete mixtures. This research will explore the mechanism that determines the development of compressive strength in mortar made with partly substituted cement and a mixture of limestone powder and laboratory-quenching heat-treated kaolinite clay (also called metakaolin). Metakaolin is rich in Southeast Asian countries and needs further investigation to adopt in cement systems. Limestone powder and metakaolin constitute 45% of the binding cement ingredient by weight (dry). The strength was evaluated using mortar, and the microstructure was determined using paste. The results show that at 28 days, the compressive strength of mortar containing 45% cement substitution by 15% limestone powder and 30% metakaolin with 1% PCE (per B45S 1:2) was 97% relative to the reference mortar. However, due to the impurities in metakaolin, its synergistic interaction is limited, which results in the compressive strength being lower than anticipated.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-03-e0371
Pat Sooksaen, Penpisuth Thongyoug
Expanded foam glasses were fabricated from a clear color soda-lime silicate glass. Crude glycerol was used as an effective foaming agent which promoted small closed cell pores. This research studied the effect of crude glycerol content on the expanding characteristics and thermal properties. The expanding behavior relied on the thermal decomposition mechanism of the foaming agent as well as the sintereing temperature. Expanded foam glasses fabricated at 850°C showed uniform pore size compared to those fabricated at other temperatures (800°C and 900°C). Pore size of the synthesized foam glasses generally increased with increasing firing temperature. The evidence of black color in some areas for samples fabricated at 800°C occurred due to incomplete combustion of crude glycerol within the bulk structure. Samples produced at 850°C and 900°C showed white color shading associated with complete combustion of carbonaceous compound. Foam glasses sintered at 900°C showed structural distortion due to glass melting during the foaming process. Large holes or gaps within the structures occured due to the sweeping and combining of gas bubbles during sintering.
{"title":"PHYSICAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPANDED FOAM GLASSES USING CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A FOAMING AGENT","authors":"Pat Sooksaen, Penpisuth Thongyoug","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-03-e0371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-03-e0371","url":null,"abstract":"Expanded foam glasses were fabricated from a clear color soda-lime silicate glass. Crude glycerol was used as an effective foaming agent which promoted small closed cell pores. This research studied the effect of crude glycerol content on the expanding characteristics and thermal properties. The expanding behavior relied on the thermal decomposition mechanism of the foaming agent as well as the sintereing temperature. Expanded foam glasses fabricated at 850°C showed uniform pore size compared to those fabricated at other temperatures (800°C and 900°C). Pore size of the synthesized foam glasses generally increased with increasing firing temperature. The evidence of black color in some areas for samples fabricated at 800°C occurred due to incomplete combustion of crude glycerol within the bulk structure. Samples produced at 850°C and 900°C showed white color shading associated with complete combustion of carbonaceous compound. Foam glasses sintered at 900°C showed structural distortion due to glass melting during the foaming process. Large holes or gaps within the structures occured due to the sweeping and combining of gas bubbles during sintering.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0875
ASWINI R, S Kothai
This study aims at the application of the prepared Polymer Nanocomposite in the field of solid-state optoelectronic devices. Polymer Nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating iron nanoparticles, synthesized random Copolyester (BCTP), and Polypyrrole by Insitu chemical polymerization method. The application of the synthesized random Copolyester with wide biological activity due to bis chalcone moiety can also be extended to the optoelectronics field. The Copolyester (BCTP) was subjected to spectral analysis such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the chemical structural orientation. The Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). The FTIR spectroscopy confirms the formation of polymer nanocomposite by the prominent shift in stretching frequency from the starting materials taken. Powder X-ray Diffraction was used to determine the Iron Nanoparticles’ average crystallite size. The structural morphology of iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite were identified by Scanning electron Microscopy. The SEM images gave the view of Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole was seated in the Polymer matrix. The specific capacitance for the newly synthesized Polymer Nanocomposite was found to be 58.88 F/g by Cyclic Voltammetric analysis. The electrochemical behavior of the random copolyester (BCPT), Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite was carried out by Impedance analysis. This confirms the Polymer Nanocomposites were conducting nature with good ionic conductance of 6.89 × 10-5 S cm-1.
本研究旨在将所制备的聚合物纳米复合材料应用于固态光电器件领域。采用原位化学聚合的方法，将铁纳米粒子与合成的无规共聚聚酯(BCTP)和聚吡咯结合，制备了聚合物纳米复合材料。由于其查尔酮部分的存在，所合成的随机共聚酯具有广泛的生物活性，其应用也可扩展到光电子领域。用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等光谱分析方法确定了共聚聚酯(BCTP)的化学结构取向。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和粉末x射线衍射(PXRD)对铁纳米粒子、聚吡咯和聚合物纳米复合材料进行了表征。FTIR光谱证实了聚合物纳米复合材料的形成，从起始材料的拉伸频率显著变化。采用粉末x射线衍射法测定了铁纳米粒子的平均晶粒尺寸。利用扫描电镜对铁纳米粒子、聚吡咯和聚合物纳米复合材料的结构形态进行了表征。SEM图像显示铁纳米颗粒，聚吡咯位于聚合物基体中。循环伏安分析表明，该聚合物纳米复合材料的比电容为58.88 F/g。通过阻抗分析研究了随机共聚酯(BCPT)、铁纳米粒子、聚吡咯和聚合物纳米复合材料的电化学行为。这证实了聚合物纳米复合材料具有良好的导电性质，离子电导率为6.89 × 10-5 S cm-1。
{"title":"ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ON COPOLYESTER INCORPORATED IN A POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE MATRIX - A STUDY","authors":"ASWINI R, S Kothai","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0875","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at the application of the prepared Polymer Nanocomposite in the field of solid-state optoelectronic devices. Polymer Nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating iron nanoparticles, synthesized random Copolyester (BCTP), and Polypyrrole by Insitu chemical polymerization method. The application of the synthesized random Copolyester with wide biological activity due to bis chalcone moiety can also be extended to the optoelectronics field. The Copolyester (BCTP) was subjected to spectral analysis such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the chemical structural orientation. The Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). The FTIR spectroscopy confirms the formation of polymer nanocomposite by the prominent shift in stretching frequency from the starting materials taken. Powder X-ray Diffraction was used to determine the Iron Nanoparticles’ average crystallite size. The structural morphology of iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite were identified by Scanning electron Microscopy. The SEM images gave the view of Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole was seated in the Polymer matrix. The specific capacitance for the newly synthesized Polymer Nanocomposite was found to be 58.88 F/g by Cyclic Voltammetric analysis. The electrochemical behavior of the random copolyester (BCPT), Iron nanoparticles, Polypyrrole, and polymer nanocomposite was carried out by Impedance analysis. This confirms the Polymer Nanocomposites were conducting nature with good ionic conductance of 6.89 × 10-5 S cm-1.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0855
Muhammad Zuhair Zuhair, Shahzad Ashraf, Mahnoor Iqbal, Syed Zain Raza Rizvi, Alief Khokhar, Muhammad Asgher Nadeem Nadeem
The major problem faced by the agriculture industry is the growth of seeds at optimal fertility. Such uncouth fertility occurs when either no water reaches under soil seed or some obstacles prevent it. This issue degrades agriculture growth at an aggravation level and consequently barren the land. A wireless sensor-based communication model has been developed to notice the accurate status of the water level reaching seeds of various crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and cotton with soil types Loamy, Silty clay, and Black soil. In the proposed model, "Broadening Uncouth Water Level Snag in Underground Agriculture Field with Wireless Sensors" (BUWLN), the water level would be measured in real time and the data would be transmitted to a base station accordingly. The 8 sensor nodes and a base station would be deployed accompanied by an Arduino package in an area of 90 x 30 square feet to monitor water levels efficiently. The study will keep track of water levels, and the farmer will be informed of the water level so they may manage water resources more effectively. In addition, farmers will also be aware of the field if water is distributed uniformly so that the crops yield increases. The performance of the proposed BUWLN model has been compared with Remote water-level monitoring system (RWMS), Low cost wireless sensor network (LCSN), and Ensemble groundwater level prediction (E-GWLP) by conducting simulation using PROTEUS. result showed that the proposed BUWLN model has enough potential for future growth.
农业面临的主要问题是种子在最佳肥力下的生长。当没有水到达土壤种子下或有一些障碍阻止它时，就会发生这种不正常的肥力。这一问题使农业增长恶化，从而使土地贫瘠。一种基于无线传感器的通信模型已经被开发出来，用于注意各种作物(如小麦、玉米、大麦和棉花)在土壤类型为壤土、粉质粘土和黑土时到达种子的水位的准确状态。在“利用无线传感器拓宽地下农田的不平坦水位障碍”(BUWLN)模型中，水位将被实时测量，并相应地将数据传输到基站。8个传感器节点和一个基站将与Arduino包一起部署在90 x 30平方英尺的面积上，以有效地监测水位。这项研究将跟踪水位，农民将被告知水位，这样他们就可以更有效地管理水资源。此外，如果水均匀分布，农民也会意识到田地，从而提高作物产量。利用PROTEUS进行仿真，将所提出的BUWLN模型与远程水位监测系统(RWMS)、低成本无线传感器网络(LCSN)和集合地下水位预测(E-GWLP)进行性能比较。结果表明，所提出的BUWLN模型具有足够的发展潜力。
{"title":"BROACHING UNCOUTH WATER LEVEL SNAG IN UNDERGROUND AGRICULTURE FIELD THROUGH WIRELESS SENSORS","authors":"Muhammad Zuhair Zuhair, Shahzad Ashraf, Mahnoor Iqbal, Syed Zain Raza Rizvi, Alief Khokhar, Muhammad Asgher Nadeem Nadeem","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0855","url":null,"abstract":"The major problem faced by the agriculture industry is the growth of seeds at optimal fertility. Such uncouth fertility occurs when either no water reaches under soil seed or some obstacles prevent it. This issue degrades agriculture growth at an aggravation level and consequently barren the land. A wireless sensor-based communication model has been developed to notice the accurate status of the water level reaching seeds of various crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and cotton with soil types Loamy, Silty clay, and Black soil. In the proposed model, \"Broadening Uncouth Water Level Snag in Underground Agriculture Field with Wireless Sensors\" (BUWLN), the water level would be measured in real time and the data would be transmitted to a base station accordingly. The 8 sensor nodes and a base station would be deployed accompanied by an Arduino package in an area of 90 x 30 square feet to monitor water levels efficiently. The study will keep track of water levels, and the farmer will be informed of the water level so they may manage water resources more effectively. In addition, farmers will also be aware of the field if water is distributed uniformly so that the crops yield increases. The performance of the proposed BUWLN model has been compared with Remote water-level monitoring system (RWMS), Low cost wireless sensor network (LCSN), and Ensemble groundwater level prediction (E-GWLP) by conducting simulation using PROTEUS. result showed that the proposed BUWLN model has enough potential for future growth.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135045585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0465
Teguh Suprianto
The increasing demand for energy and the depletion of fossil energy supplies require research to find renewable energy sources. Biomass is a very potential energy source and biomass gasification is a technique to produce syngas. Melaleuca Cajuputi (Gelam) and Shorea sp (Meranti) are one of the types wood plant that are widely available in Indonesia. This study aims to reveal the potential of biomass from swamp-growing plants, Melaleuca Cajuputi, and land-growing plants, Shorea, through a gasification process to produce syngas containing hydrogen and methane gas.
Pyrolysis of biomass, Melaleuca Cajuputi and Shorea sawdust, using a fixed bed reactor at a temperature varying from 200 °C to 450 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute for one hour. Hydrogen gas and methane gas resulting from pyrolysis were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the syngas produced. FTIR test was performed to support the experimental analysis.
The experimental results show that Melaleuca Cajuputi wood has a lower peak FTIR intensity than Shorea wood. Melaleuca Cajuputi produces more hydrogen, while Shorea wood produces more methane gas. The highest hydrogen gas content was produced from Melaleuca Cajuputi and Shorea at temperatures of 315 °C at 1746 ppm and 1503 ppm at 367 °C respectively. Meanwhile, the highest methane gas content was produced by Shorea and Melaleuca Cajuputi wood, 200,000 ppm at 370 °C and 63,200 ppm at 318 °C respectively. The intensity of functional groups from biomass affects the gas produced from pyrolysis.
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 Pyrolysis of biomass, Melaleuca Cajuputi and Shorea sawdust, using a fixed bed reactor at a temperature varying from 200 °C to 450 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute for one hour. Hydrogen gas and methane gas resulting from pyrolysis were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the syngas produced. FTIR test was performed to support the experimental analysis.
 The experimental results show that Melaleuca Cajuputi wood has a lower peak FTIR intensity than Shorea wood. Melaleuca Cajuputi produces more hydrogen, while Shorea wood produces more methane gas. The highest hydrogen gas content was produced from Melaleuca Cajuputi and Shorea at temperatures of 315 °C at 1746 ppm and 1503 ppm at 367 °C respectively. Meanwhile, the highest methane gas content was produced by Shorea and Melaleuca Cajuputi wood, 200,000 ppm at 370 °C and 63,200 ppm at 318 °C respectively. The intensity of functional groups from biomass affects the gas produced from pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0958
Yogesh Tambe, Pravin Nemade
Low density foamed concrete (LDFC) serves as an effective construction material with structural and thermal characteristics. This study reports results of experimental investigations on mechanical properties of LDFC including, thermal conductivity and drying shrinkage. Three different densities ±800, ±1000 and ±1300 kg/m3, were made with two cementitious additives like Nano-GGBS and Nano-RHA in LDFC matrix in the form of SCM. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of various percentages of SCM on compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity and drying shrinkage up to 28 days on LDFC specimens. The experimental outcomes consistently represents that the 28 days mechanical strengths, thermal conductivity and drying shrinkage increased with increasing percentage of Nano-GGBS and Nano-RHA. The 10% replacement of SCM of both the materials shows good agreement on the performance of LDFC. The split-tensile strength and flexural strength attains in the range of 19–21% and 33–46% related with 28 days compressive strength. The thermal insulation and drying shrinkage of LDFC specimens reduced with the increased density. The purpose of this research to assess the efficacy of Nano-GGBS and Nano-RHA as a SCM considering aspects of economical and sustainable concrete in LDFC matrix. It is observed that, with increase in SCM percentages, the shrinkage strain increases with testing age. The drying shrinkage of LDFC specimens reduces with density. Overall, the 10% addition of Nano-GGBS and Nano-RHA as filler in LDFC production minimizes the load on consumption of natural resources, CO2 emissions and achieves economy.
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Analysis of the effects of increasing degrees of complexity on students’ brains is the primary topic of this research. Therefore, this study aims to use Electroencephalography (EEG) to determine the task’s difficulty level. This research examined assertions of broad mathematical and logical difficulty that can be addressed with the “C programming language.” The EEGLAB software has been used to analyze brain waves’ power spectrums while solving problem statements of different degrees of complexity. Most significantly, we discovered that as problem statements get more complicated, the strength of the Alpha, Beta, and Theta bands rises. Input features for machine learning classifiers have included descriptive statistical metrics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Specifically, we have compared and analyzed the efficacy of four ML classifiers: Logistic Regression, Neural Network, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. To classify EEG data into “easy” and “hard” categories for C programming problem statements, the DT classifier has been found to perform better with a 69.23% accuracy. The results of this research can be used to generate test questions for open-book exams, and higher-order laboratory experiments.
{"title":"POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF VARYING COMPLEXITY TASKS USING EEGLAB","authors":"Varsha Lokare, Kiwelekar A.W., Netak L.D., N.S. Jadhav","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0741","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the effects of increasing degrees of complexity on students’ brains is the primary topic of this research. Therefore, this study aims to use Electroencephalography (EEG) to determine the task’s difficulty level. This research examined assertions of broad mathematical and logical difficulty that can be addressed with the “C programming language.” The EEGLAB software has been used to analyze brain waves’ power spectrums while solving problem statements of different degrees of complexity. Most significantly, we discovered that as problem statements get more complicated, the strength of the Alpha, Beta, and Theta bands rises. Input features for machine learning classifiers have included descriptive statistical metrics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Specifically, we have compared and analyzed the efficacy of four ML classifiers: Logistic Regression, Neural Network, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. To classify EEG data into “easy” and “hard” categories for C programming problem statements, the DT classifier has been found to perform better with a 69.23% accuracy. The results of this research can be used to generate test questions for open-book exams, and higher-order laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":43478,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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