Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938769
J. Reagan, S. Kurtz
A vertical bifacial + reflector configuration is presented as a candidate for solar canal design. Simulations show output to be competitive with fixed 20° tilt systems, with South-facing vertical orientation showing 117% and 87% of annual output of South-facing 20° systems with and without a reflector, respectively. South-facing vertical orientations have better performance in non-summer months relative to other systems, resulting in a flatter seasonal curve, with useful implications for load balancing and energy storage. East- and West-facing vertical orientations outperform their fixed tilt defaults, even without a reflector, and tolerate higher DC/ AC inverter ratios than similar South-facing vertical orientations before appreciable clipping effects are seen.
{"title":"Vertical Bifacial Solar Panels as a Candidate for Solar Canal Design","authors":"J. Reagan, S. Kurtz","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938769","url":null,"abstract":"A vertical bifacial + reflector configuration is presented as a candidate for solar canal design. Simulations show output to be competitive with fixed 20° tilt systems, with South-facing vertical orientation showing 117% and 87% of annual output of South-facing 20° systems with and without a reflector, respectively. South-facing vertical orientations have better performance in non-summer months relative to other systems, resulting in a flatter seasonal curve, with useful implications for load balancing and energy storage. East- and West-facing vertical orientations outperform their fixed tilt defaults, even without a reflector, and tolerate higher DC/ AC inverter ratios than similar South-facing vertical orientations before appreciable clipping effects are seen.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133603546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1364/pvled.2022.pvw2h.4
M. Van de Voorde, R. Saive
We are developing a method for the fabrication of high aspect ratio and high throughput solar cell front contacts, called string-printing. For this, a thread coated with silver paste approaches a silicon substrate until contact is made and then is pulled away to form high aspect ratio, ideally triangular-shaped silver contacts. Here, we describe the fabrication method and show first results. So far, we have been able to fabricate structures with an aspect ratio of 1 whereas we noticed a strong dependence on the thread diameter and the paste viscosity. Furthermore, we also suspect a dependence on the withdrawal speed of the thread. Our approach is a highly scalable, low temperature process that can boost the performance of solar cell metallization for the terawatt future.
{"title":"Fabricating high aspect ratio front contacts for solar cells by string-printing","authors":"M. Van de Voorde, R. Saive","doi":"10.1364/pvled.2022.pvw2h.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pvled.2022.pvw2h.4","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a method for the fabrication of high aspect ratio and high throughput solar cell front contacts, called string-printing. For this, a thread coated with silver paste approaches a silicon substrate until contact is made and then is pulled away to form high aspect ratio, ideally triangular-shaped silver contacts. Here, we describe the fabrication method and show first results. So far, we have been able to fabricate structures with an aspect ratio of 1 whereas we noticed a strong dependence on the thread diameter and the paste viscosity. Furthermore, we also suspect a dependence on the withdrawal speed of the thread. Our approach is a highly scalable, low temperature process that can boost the performance of solar cell metallization for the terawatt future.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133707643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938680
Mesude Bayrakci-Boz, J. Ranalli
Optimal power flow has been solved to show possible effects of solar variability and location of solar systems on electricity price using the IEEE 30 Bus Test system. Different densities of simulated solar generation plants were used, with higher-density plants exhibiting higher variability of generation. The effects of different solar variability conditions tested in this study were found to be minimal on the absolute reduction in local marginal prices (LMPs), but low-density plant distributions exhibited smaller and less frequent fluctuations in the price. In some cases, solar generation was observed to reduce the LMP to zero, resulting from congestion that limited the export of electricity. We observed that lower-density generation distributions could reduce the frequency of these rapid price fluctuations. The location of solar systems within the grid can also have a significant impact on LMPs. When solar generation is installed at a high demand bus, the LMP typically decreased at both the local and neighboring buses. When the solar systems are installed at a low demand bus, the LMPs were observed to increase or decrease depending on the demand and congestion. This work highlights the importance of the effects of solar system location on LMP.
{"title":"Analyzing Effects of Solar Variability and System Location on LMP Prices","authors":"Mesude Bayrakci-Boz, J. Ranalli","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938680","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power flow has been solved to show possible effects of solar variability and location of solar systems on electricity price using the IEEE 30 Bus Test system. Different densities of simulated solar generation plants were used, with higher-density plants exhibiting higher variability of generation. The effects of different solar variability conditions tested in this study were found to be minimal on the absolute reduction in local marginal prices (LMPs), but low-density plant distributions exhibited smaller and less frequent fluctuations in the price. In some cases, solar generation was observed to reduce the LMP to zero, resulting from congestion that limited the export of electricity. We observed that lower-density generation distributions could reduce the frequency of these rapid price fluctuations. The location of solar systems within the grid can also have a significant impact on LMPs. When solar generation is installed at a high demand bus, the LMP typically decreased at both the local and neighboring buses. When the solar systems are installed at a low demand bus, the LMPs were observed to increase or decrease depending on the demand and congestion. This work highlights the importance of the effects of solar system location on LMP.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131861947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938691
Deniz N. Cakan, Rishi E. Kumar, Connor J Dolan, Moses Kodur, Yanqi Luo, Tao Zhou, Z. Cai, Barry Lai, Martin Holt, D. Fenning
Inorganic halide perovskites are attractive for achieving the wide bandgap optimal for a high-efficiency perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaic based on today’ Pb-Sn low bandgap compositions. However, they have suffered from lower photoluminescent quantum yield relative to hybrid compositions and phase instability. To improve upon metastable CsPbI3, we explore triple-halide alloying of minor amounts of Br and Cl with I. In agreement with previous reports for hybrid analogues, we observe a chlorine solubility limit in the majority iodine-bromine all-inorganic perovskite lattice. Past this solubility limit we observe the perovskite forming a split phase of iodine-bromine-rich and bromine-chlorine-rich clusters. Interestingly, these dual-phase thin films show superior and long lasting PL-intensity under 40-sun equivalent 633 nm laser intensity, which hints at possible synergistic effects of this chemical heterogeneity. We leverage multi-modal synchrotron microscopy and correlative spectroscopic micro-photoluminescence (µPL) on all-inorganic triple halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X-site: I/Br/Cl) films to elucidate mechanisms for superior performance in the face of phase segregation. The results suggest that a greater focus on harnessing the flexibility of the inorganic perovskite material system holds promise to retrace the outstanding performance and stability gains made in hybrid analogues.
{"title":"Superior Performance of Two-Phase Triple Halide Inorganic Perovskites","authors":"Deniz N. Cakan, Rishi E. Kumar, Connor J Dolan, Moses Kodur, Yanqi Luo, Tao Zhou, Z. Cai, Barry Lai, Martin Holt, D. Fenning","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938691","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic halide perovskites are attractive for achieving the wide bandgap optimal for a high-efficiency perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaic based on today’ Pb-Sn low bandgap compositions. However, they have suffered from lower photoluminescent quantum yield relative to hybrid compositions and phase instability. To improve upon metastable CsPbI3, we explore triple-halide alloying of minor amounts of Br and Cl with I. In agreement with previous reports for hybrid analogues, we observe a chlorine solubility limit in the majority iodine-bromine all-inorganic perovskite lattice. Past this solubility limit we observe the perovskite forming a split phase of iodine-bromine-rich and bromine-chlorine-rich clusters. Interestingly, these dual-phase thin films show superior and long lasting PL-intensity under 40-sun equivalent 633 nm laser intensity, which hints at possible synergistic effects of this chemical heterogeneity. We leverage multi-modal synchrotron microscopy and correlative spectroscopic micro-photoluminescence (µPL) on all-inorganic triple halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X-site: I/Br/Cl) films to elucidate mechanisms for superior performance in the face of phase segregation. The results suggest that a greater focus on harnessing the flexibility of the inorganic perovskite material system holds promise to retrace the outstanding performance and stability gains made in hybrid analogues.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134170056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938521
J. Chaudhary, Swastik Bhattacharya, J. Heikkonen, R. Kanth
Increasing population and industrialization haveled to an uptick in energy requirements. Many traditional energy sources are not anymore attractive due to climate change, instead, the interest has turned to power generation from renewable sources, such as wind energy, hydro-power, and solar energy. The wide availability of sunlight and simplicity in converting sunlight to electricity has led to the search for synthesized semiconductors that give high efficiency in this conversion. A family of such semiconductors attains the perovskite structure, the most established being Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide. The shortcomings of this compound include lead poisoning, motivating the search for perovskite structures that have low electron band-gap and are stable. A family of such perovskite structures is compounds that attain an $mathbf{A}_{2}mathbf{XY}_{6}$ type structure. This paper demonstrates some methods that can be used to calculate the electron band-gap of such compounds. The metrics found from Support Vector Machine Regression and Random Forest Regression are compared and analyzed to propose a scalable model for predicting electron band-gap.
{"title":"Prediction of Electron Band Gap of $mathrm{A}_{2}text{XY}_{6}$ Perovskite Compounds using Machine Learning","authors":"J. Chaudhary, Swastik Bhattacharya, J. Heikkonen, R. Kanth","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938521","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing population and industrialization haveled to an uptick in energy requirements. Many traditional energy sources are not anymore attractive due to climate change, instead, the interest has turned to power generation from renewable sources, such as wind energy, hydro-power, and solar energy. The wide availability of sunlight and simplicity in converting sunlight to electricity has led to the search for synthesized semiconductors that give high efficiency in this conversion. A family of such semiconductors attains the perovskite structure, the most established being Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide. The shortcomings of this compound include lead poisoning, motivating the search for perovskite structures that have low electron band-gap and are stable. A family of such perovskite structures is compounds that attain an $mathbf{A}_{2}mathbf{XY}_{6}$ type structure. This paper demonstrates some methods that can be used to calculate the electron band-gap of such compounds. The metrics found from Support Vector Machine Regression and Random Forest Regression are compared and analyzed to propose a scalable model for predicting electron band-gap.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938847
Austin G. Kuba, Alexander J. Harding, Raphael J. Richardson, U. Das, K. Dobson, W. Shafarman
The effect of air exposure on perovskite solar cells using fullerene electron transport layers (ETLs) was investigated. Coplanar conductivity measurements showed a loss of conductivity in C60 thin films, decreasing by 1 order of magnitude in 5 minutes, and 2 orders of magnitude in 35 minutes. N-i-p solar cells using C60 ETLs and MAPbI3 processed by 2-step close space vapor transport showed a progressive loss of FF and onset of s-shaped J-V curve over 15 minutes of air exposure. This effect was not observed for over 2 hours of air exposure for solar cells with SnO2 ETLs, indicating that the C60 is the source of the degradation. SCAPS1D was used to simulate perovskite solar cells with varying C60 ETL carrier concentration and mobility. A loss of FF and onset of s-shaped curve was predicted as the conductivity drops below 2x10-6 S/cm, in accordance with the experimental J-V curves. This work shows that air exposure to fullerene ETLs can cause rapid performance degradation in perovskite solar cells due to a corresponding increase in C60 resistivity.
{"title":"Fill Factor Loss in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fullerene ETLs Caused by Air Exposure","authors":"Austin G. Kuba, Alexander J. Harding, Raphael J. Richardson, U. Das, K. Dobson, W. Shafarman","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938847","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of air exposure on perovskite solar cells using fullerene electron transport layers (ETLs) was investigated. Coplanar conductivity measurements showed a loss of conductivity in C60 thin films, decreasing by 1 order of magnitude in 5 minutes, and 2 orders of magnitude in 35 minutes. N-i-p solar cells using C60 ETLs and MAPbI3 processed by 2-step close space vapor transport showed a progressive loss of FF and onset of s-shaped J-V curve over 15 minutes of air exposure. This effect was not observed for over 2 hours of air exposure for solar cells with SnO2 ETLs, indicating that the C60 is the source of the degradation. SCAPS1D was used to simulate perovskite solar cells with varying C60 ETL carrier concentration and mobility. A loss of FF and onset of s-shaped curve was predicted as the conductivity drops below 2x10-6 S/cm, in accordance with the experimental J-V curves. This work shows that air exposure to fullerene ETLs can cause rapid performance degradation in perovskite solar cells due to a corresponding increase in C60 resistivity.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124921054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938899
Saba Sharikadze, Junhao Zhu, Ranjith Kottokkaran, Arkadi Akopian, V. Dalal
We report on inorganic CsPbBr3 solar cells with very high open circuit voltages and excellent environmental stability. The cells were fabricated using vapor deposition. We show that by using an interfacial n-doped CdS (CdS:In) layer between the cell TiO2, we can obtain voltages of ∼1.68 V, the highest ever reported in vapor deposited CsPbBr3 material. A surprising phenomenon was that the crystal structure of the material, and the apparent bandgap, changed when a thicker CdS:In layer was used as the n layer. We also show that there is little environmental degradation in performance for a cell kept for 600 hours in room air, and even for a cell kept at 200 °C for 24 hours in air. The cells were deposited using sequential deposition in vacuum followed by anneals at 450 °C. We study both organic p layers (P3HT) and inorganic p layers (paste coated C).
{"title":"Inorganic perovskite solar cells with very high voltage and excellent stability against thermal and environmental degradation","authors":"Saba Sharikadze, Junhao Zhu, Ranjith Kottokkaran, Arkadi Akopian, V. Dalal","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938899","url":null,"abstract":"We report on inorganic CsPbBr3 solar cells with very high open circuit voltages and excellent environmental stability. The cells were fabricated using vapor deposition. We show that by using an interfacial n-doped CdS (CdS:In) layer between the cell TiO2, we can obtain voltages of ∼1.68 V, the highest ever reported in vapor deposited CsPbBr3 material. A surprising phenomenon was that the crystal structure of the material, and the apparent bandgap, changed when a thicker CdS:In layer was used as the n layer. We also show that there is little environmental degradation in performance for a cell kept for 600 hours in room air, and even for a cell kept at 200 °C for 24 hours in air. The cells were deposited using sequential deposition in vacuum followed by anneals at 450 °C. We study both organic p layers (P3HT) and inorganic p layers (paste coated C).","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129127952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938693
Mandy R. Lewis, Trevor J. Coathup, Annie C. J. Russell, J. Guerrero-Perez, C. Valdivia, K. Hinzer
Bifacial photovoltaics (PV) is predicted to comprise 80% of the silicon PV share within the next ten years. However, bifacial energy yield models are still undergoing validation, and their uncertainty may slow adoption. One of the challenges of single-axis-tracked (SAT) bifacial PV performance modelling is accurately accounting for the effects of racking elements, such as the frame, module supports, and torque tube, on the rear irradiance. In this work, we calculated front and rear irradiances for the center modules of a 2-in-portrait SAT bifacial photovoltaic system from hourly typical meteorological year data for the Bifacial Test Evaluation Center (BiTEC) site in Livermore, California using bifacial_radiance ray tracing software. For every hourly timestamp, we calculated 2D front and rear irradiance maps in three cases: with no racking, absorptive racking, and reflective racking. From these, we calculated three racking effects: shading, reflection, and shading and reflection combined. We also calculated shading and reflection factors as well as rear irradiance non-uniformity for each case. For the PV system modelled, racking reflection is focused in the same areas of the module as racking shading, partially counteracting shading-induced irradiance reduction and irradiance non-uniformity. For example, for a winter day at noon, racking reflection reduces the rear shading factor from -18.4% to -10.8% and the irradiance non-uniformity from 14.8% to 10.8%. The effects of racking, including both shading and reflection, vary by time of day and year. Accounting for these variations, rather than using annual average correction factors, will improve energy yield prediction accuracy for bifacial PV, especially over short time periods.
{"title":"Racking Reflection and Shading Effects on Single Axis Tracked Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Mandy R. Lewis, Trevor J. Coathup, Annie C. J. Russell, J. Guerrero-Perez, C. Valdivia, K. Hinzer","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938693","url":null,"abstract":"Bifacial photovoltaics (PV) is predicted to comprise 80% of the silicon PV share within the next ten years. However, bifacial energy yield models are still undergoing validation, and their uncertainty may slow adoption. One of the challenges of single-axis-tracked (SAT) bifacial PV performance modelling is accurately accounting for the effects of racking elements, such as the frame, module supports, and torque tube, on the rear irradiance. In this work, we calculated front and rear irradiances for the center modules of a 2-in-portrait SAT bifacial photovoltaic system from hourly typical meteorological year data for the Bifacial Test Evaluation Center (BiTEC) site in Livermore, California using bifacial_radiance ray tracing software. For every hourly timestamp, we calculated 2D front and rear irradiance maps in three cases: with no racking, absorptive racking, and reflective racking. From these, we calculated three racking effects: shading, reflection, and shading and reflection combined. We also calculated shading and reflection factors as well as rear irradiance non-uniformity for each case. For the PV system modelled, racking reflection is focused in the same areas of the module as racking shading, partially counteracting shading-induced irradiance reduction and irradiance non-uniformity. For example, for a winter day at noon, racking reflection reduces the rear shading factor from -18.4% to -10.8% and the irradiance non-uniformity from 14.8% to 10.8%. The effects of racking, including both shading and reflection, vary by time of day and year. Accounting for these variations, rather than using annual average correction factors, will improve energy yield prediction accuracy for bifacial PV, especially over short time periods.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"873 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938832
Srisuda Rojsatien, N. Kumar, T. Walker, B. Lai, Dan Mao, A. Mannodi-Kanakkithodi, M. Chan, M. Bertoni
X-ray microscopy is a powerful tool to study defects in solar cells as it allows to correlate pixel-by-pixel the local environment of selected atoms and the nanoscale electrical performance. In this work, we used X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) and X-ray induced current (XBIC) to track Se local structures, particularly changes in Se-Cd bond lengths, across the CdSexTe(1-x) absorber layer, and contrasts areas with high and low electrical performance. Even though all the experimental Se K-edge XANES clearly show signature of CdSexTe(1-x), there are spectral changes both across the absorber, and at different performing areas, revealing different atomic surrounding of Se atoms which together with XANES at the As K-edge may provide a full picture of the role of defects in the bulk's electrical performance.
{"title":"Tracking Se Local Structures Across CdSeTe Absorber with X-ray Microscopy","authors":"Srisuda Rojsatien, N. Kumar, T. Walker, B. Lai, Dan Mao, A. Mannodi-Kanakkithodi, M. Chan, M. Bertoni","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938832","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray microscopy is a powerful tool to study defects in solar cells as it allows to correlate pixel-by-pixel the local environment of selected atoms and the nanoscale electrical performance. In this work, we used X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) and X-ray induced current (XBIC) to track Se local structures, particularly changes in Se-Cd bond lengths, across the CdSexTe(1-x) absorber layer, and contrasts areas with high and low electrical performance. Even though all the experimental Se K-edge XANES clearly show signature of CdSexTe(1-x), there are spectral changes both across the absorber, and at different performing areas, revealing different atomic surrounding of Se atoms which together with XANES at the As K-edge may provide a full picture of the role of defects in the bulk's electrical performance.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938567
Bennet E. Meyers
We provide a methodology for estimating the losses due to soiling for photovoltaic (PV) systems. We focus this work on estimating the losses from historical power production data that are unlabeled, i.e. power measurements with time stamps, but no other information such as site configuration or meteorological data. We present a validation of this approach on a small fleet of typical rooftop PV systems. The proposed method differs from prior work in that the construction of a performance index is not required to analyze soiling loss. This approach is appropriate for analyzing the soiling losses in field production data from fleets of distributed rooftop systems and is highly automatic, allowing for scaling to large fleets of heterogeneous PV systems.
{"title":"Estimation of Soiling Losses in Unlabeled PV Data","authors":"Bennet E. Meyers","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938567","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a methodology for estimating the losses due to soiling for photovoltaic (PV) systems. We focus this work on estimating the losses from historical power production data that are unlabeled, i.e. power measurements with time stamps, but no other information such as site configuration or meteorological data. We present a validation of this approach on a small fleet of typical rooftop PV systems. The proposed method differs from prior work in that the construction of a performance index is not required to analyze soiling loss. This approach is appropriate for analyzing the soiling losses in field production data from fleets of distributed rooftop systems and is highly automatic, allowing for scaling to large fleets of heterogeneous PV systems.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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