Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938886
Yiwei Ma, A. Huque, Joseph Estrada, Tim Godfrey, Charles Brewster
In recent years Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) over commercial cellular communication network is drawing more attention as an alternative to fiber and private copper line due to its lower cost and availability. This paper presents the cellular based DTT topologies, key components, and overall system architectures. In addition, a commercial solution has also been commissioned and evaluated at EPRI laboratory. DTT trip times are measured under various operating conditions. Finally, selected utility pilot projects are listed to provide examples of the technology adoption landscape.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cellular Based DER Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) Technologies","authors":"Yiwei Ma, A. Huque, Joseph Estrada, Tim Godfrey, Charles Brewster","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938886","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) over commercial cellular communication network is drawing more attention as an alternative to fiber and private copper line due to its lower cost and availability. This paper presents the cellular based DTT topologies, key components, and overall system architectures. In addition, a commercial solution has also been commissioned and evaluated at EPRI laboratory. DTT trip times are measured under various operating conditions. Finally, selected utility pilot projects are listed to provide examples of the technology adoption landscape.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938454
T. Weiss, O. Ramírez, Taowen Wang, Valentina Serrano-Escalante, S. Paetel, W. Witte, J. Nishinaga, T. Feurer, A. Tiwari, S. Siebentritt
The fill factor in state-of-the-art Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells is still relatively low as a consequence of diode factors greater than the ideal value of 1. We show that the increased diode factor results from metastable defects, also responsible for the persistent photoconductivity, which increase the net doping upon electron injection. We present measurements from photoluminescence, capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics in corroboration of simulations including a metastable defect, which all consistently describe the observed diode factor greater than 1. It is demonstrated that the addition of Ag to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 decreases metastable defects and that fill factors as high as 81.0% are achieved.
{"title":"Fill factor losses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells due to metastabel defects — the effect of Ag addition","authors":"T. Weiss, O. Ramírez, Taowen Wang, Valentina Serrano-Escalante, S. Paetel, W. Witte, J. Nishinaga, T. Feurer, A. Tiwari, S. Siebentritt","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938454","url":null,"abstract":"The fill factor in state-of-the-art Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells is still relatively low as a consequence of diode factors greater than the ideal value of 1. We show that the increased diode factor results from metastable defects, also responsible for the persistent photoconductivity, which increase the net doping upon electron injection. We present measurements from photoluminescence, capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics in corroboration of simulations including a metastable defect, which all consistently describe the observed diode factor greater than 1. It is demonstrated that the addition of Ag to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 decreases metastable defects and that fill factors as high as 81.0% are achieved.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130914876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938608
Benjamin E. Davis, N. Strandwitz
Atomic layer deposited oxide bilayers have been investigated as a means to tune the Schottky barrier height of metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts. Inserting LaOx between AlOx and a hydrogen-terminated silicon substrate increased the average Schottky barrier height of both n- and p-type silicon contacts by up to 0.14 eV. When the substrate was terminated with a chemical oxide, or the LaOx was inserted above the AlOx instead, the direction of the barrier height shifts was insensitive to the deposition order of the high-k oxides. LaOx, insertion then increased the p-type barrier height by 0.04-0.05 eV and decreased the n-type barrier height by 0.20-0.47 eV. Possible mechanisms for the shifts are discussed, including oxygen areal density differences, Fermi level depinning, and oxide charges. The data presented demonstrate new and more complex dielectric layer stacks to tune contact properties in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures.
{"title":"Atomic Layer Deposited Bilayers and the Influence on Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Schottky Barriers","authors":"Benjamin E. Davis, N. Strandwitz","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938608","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic layer deposited oxide bilayers have been investigated as a means to tune the Schottky barrier height of metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts. Inserting LaOx between AlOx and a hydrogen-terminated silicon substrate increased the average Schottky barrier height of both n- and p-type silicon contacts by up to 0.14 eV. When the substrate was terminated with a chemical oxide, or the LaOx was inserted above the AlOx instead, the direction of the barrier height shifts was insensitive to the deposition order of the high-k oxides. LaOx, insertion then increased the p-type barrier height by 0.04-0.05 eV and decreased the n-type barrier height by 0.20-0.47 eV. Possible mechanisms for the shifts are discussed, including oxygen areal density differences, Fermi level depinning, and oxide charges. The data presented demonstrate new and more complex dielectric layer stacks to tune contact properties in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130937195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938555
Jonathan Henriques, Alexandre Heintz, B. Ilahi, R. Arès, A. Boucherif
The integration of III-V compounds on Si substrate is very promising for photovoltaic applications. This would be an alternative to obtain low cost and high efficiency solar cells. Currently, III-V solar cells are produced on Ge substrate, which engages high production costs. However, the heteroepitaxy of these materials on silicon implies the appearance of defects and dislocations related to the difference in lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient. Ge is commonly employed as an intermediate buffer layer to integrate such materials. This process involves high Ge thickness and several postgrowth annealing steps to reduce the dislocation density down to 106 cm−2 which is still too high. Recently, an innovative approach using dislocation-selective electrochemical deep etching, to create nanovoid inside the germanium epilayer on silicon has shown efficiency to trap and annihilate the dislocations reducing their density down to 104 cm−2. In this work, we report on the growth of GaAs on virtual Ge/Si (001) substrate following a new approach based on direct growth of Ge buffer layer on porous Ge/Si substrate. The thermally induced reorganization of the porous Ge (PGe) leaves high density of nanoscale voids within the Ge buffer layer leading to the enhancement of the optical and structural properties compared to that directly grown on Ge/Si. Our results show that the nano-voided Ge/Si virtual substrate is potentially interesting for direct growth of III-V solar cells on Si (001) substrate.
{"title":"Growth of GaAs on Ge/Si (001) nanovoided virtual substrate","authors":"Jonathan Henriques, Alexandre Heintz, B. Ilahi, R. Arès, A. Boucherif","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938555","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of III-V compounds on Si substrate is very promising for photovoltaic applications. This would be an alternative to obtain low cost and high efficiency solar cells. Currently, III-V solar cells are produced on Ge substrate, which engages high production costs. However, the heteroepitaxy of these materials on silicon implies the appearance of defects and dislocations related to the difference in lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient. Ge is commonly employed as an intermediate buffer layer to integrate such materials. This process involves high Ge thickness and several postgrowth annealing steps to reduce the dislocation density down to 106 cm−2 which is still too high. Recently, an innovative approach using dislocation-selective electrochemical deep etching, to create nanovoid inside the germanium epilayer on silicon has shown efficiency to trap and annihilate the dislocations reducing their density down to 104 cm−2. In this work, we report on the growth of GaAs on virtual Ge/Si (001) substrate following a new approach based on direct growth of Ge buffer layer on porous Ge/Si substrate. The thermally induced reorganization of the porous Ge (PGe) leaves high density of nanoscale voids within the Ge buffer layer leading to the enhancement of the optical and structural properties compared to that directly grown on Ge/Si. Our results show that the nano-voided Ge/Si virtual substrate is potentially interesting for direct growth of III-V solar cells on Si (001) substrate.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129286064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938493
Don Walker, C. Mann, J. Nocerino, Kevin Lopez, Alexandra Pettengill, Jonathan Ortiz, Katrina Baumgarten, Misha Dowd, Yao Y. Lao, Simon H. Liu
We demonstrate the reproducibility and variability of 8 high altitude, near space solar cell characterization flights using the Selenium Ecosystem to be equal to prior JPL solar cell calibration flights. The Selenium Ecosystem consists of hardware and software that can measure and process high altitude solar cell characterization data. The modular nature of Selenium enables it to piggyback on larger balloon platforms as a secondary payload and light enough to be flown as primary payload on small weather balloons (< 2kg). The Selenium software is free to download.
{"title":"High Altitude Flight Results using Selenium, A PV Measurement Ecosystem","authors":"Don Walker, C. Mann, J. Nocerino, Kevin Lopez, Alexandra Pettengill, Jonathan Ortiz, Katrina Baumgarten, Misha Dowd, Yao Y. Lao, Simon H. Liu","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938493","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the reproducibility and variability of 8 high altitude, near space solar cell characterization flights using the Selenium Ecosystem to be equal to prior JPL solar cell calibration flights. The Selenium Ecosystem consists of hardware and software that can measure and process high altitude solar cell characterization data. The modular nature of Selenium enables it to piggyback on larger balloon platforms as a secondary payload and light enough to be flown as primary payload on small weather balloons (< 2kg). The Selenium software is free to download.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125486671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938849
Alex Nassif, F. Trindade
Distribution system operators across all jurisdictions depend on simulation models to analyze multiple scenarios and derive investment strategies. Relying on century old antiquated assessments can lead to incorrect and onerous decisions, handicapping electric utilities' strategies. Even though load flow and related modeling and associated analysis is today's industry adopted practice, there are many electric utilities that lack such models for their distribution feeders and can benefit from a balance that entails modeling a strategically defined portion of their systems. Additionally, there are niche studies that do not require running individual models of every single distribution feeder and can also rely on sample analysis and subsequent extrapolation. This paper presents a clustering method to derive representative samples of distribution feeders for common distribution planning studies. This work was driven by the needs of a Caribbean electric utility that operates about 1,400 distribution feeders concentrated in an island, but only about 3% of these feeders have a certified load flow model.
{"title":"A Data-Driven Feeder Selection Method for Distribution System Planning Studies","authors":"Alex Nassif, F. Trindade","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938849","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution system operators across all jurisdictions depend on simulation models to analyze multiple scenarios and derive investment strategies. Relying on century old antiquated assessments can lead to incorrect and onerous decisions, handicapping electric utilities' strategies. Even though load flow and related modeling and associated analysis is today's industry adopted practice, there are many electric utilities that lack such models for their distribution feeders and can benefit from a balance that entails modeling a strategically defined portion of their systems. Additionally, there are niche studies that do not require running individual models of every single distribution feeder and can also rely on sample analysis and subsequent extrapolation. This paper presents a clustering method to derive representative samples of distribution feeders for common distribution planning studies. This work was driven by the needs of a Caribbean electric utility that operates about 1,400 distribution feeders concentrated in an island, but only about 3% of these feeders have a certified load flow model.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938637
Johann A. Hernandez M, A. M., C. Arredondo-Orozco
This paper presents the development of a simulation tool to analyze the behavior of a microgrid installed at U niversidad Distrital F IDC in Bogota, Colombia. The microgrid was developed using the software DIgSILENT PowerFactory® and integrates the different elements of electrical power systems (EPS) such as electricity generation (DC and/or AC) (synchronous motors, wind turbines and photovoltaic panels), a battery storage system, a module for balancing different types of electrical loads and the input/output system to the external grid. The development allows performing different analyses such as load flows, obtaining reports for the general system or each particular subsystem and evaluating the behavior of the microgrid under different conditions including the input and/or output of the different subsystems. It was developed using specifically the DPL (DIgSILENT Programming Language) language suite, included within the DIgSILENT® software. Given the versatility of the programming language, the tool allows the inclusion of a new PES to the microgrid, which makes it a support tool for teaching (educational purposes) and research, since it allows extending its operation beyond just evaluating the existing physical microgrid.
{"title":"A Tool for the Simulation, Evaluation and Teaching the Operation of Low Power Microgrids","authors":"Johann A. Hernandez M, A. M., C. Arredondo-Orozco","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938637","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a simulation tool to analyze the behavior of a microgrid installed at U niversidad Distrital F IDC in Bogota, Colombia. The microgrid was developed using the software DIgSILENT PowerFactory® and integrates the different elements of electrical power systems (EPS) such as electricity generation (DC and/or AC) (synchronous motors, wind turbines and photovoltaic panels), a battery storage system, a module for balancing different types of electrical loads and the input/output system to the external grid. The development allows performing different analyses such as load flows, obtaining reports for the general system or each particular subsystem and evaluating the behavior of the microgrid under different conditions including the input and/or output of the different subsystems. It was developed using specifically the DPL (DIgSILENT Programming Language) language suite, included within the DIgSILENT® software. Given the versatility of the programming language, the tool allows the inclusion of a new PES to the microgrid, which makes it a support tool for teaching (educational purposes) and research, since it allows extending its operation beyond just evaluating the existing physical microgrid.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126035268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938751
Marius C. Möller, S. Krauter
This paper provides a hybrid energy system model created in Matlab/Simulink which is based on photovoltaics as its main energy source. The model includes a hybrid energy storage which consists of a short-term lithium-ion battery and hydrogen as long-term storage to ensure energy autonomy even during periods of low PV production (e.g., in winter). The sectors heat and electricity are coupled by using the waste heat generated by production and reconversion of hydrogen through an electrolyser respectively a fuel cell. A heat pump has been considered to cover the residual heat demand for well insulated homes. Within this paper a model of the space heating system as well as the hot water heating system is presented. The model is designed for the simulation and analysis of a whole year energy flow by using a time series of loads, weather and heat profiles as input. Moreover, results of the energy balance within the energy system by simulation of a complete year by varying the orientation (elevation and azimuth) of the PV system and the component sizing, such as the lithium-ion battery capacity, are presented. It turned out that a high amount of heating energy can be saved by using the waste heat generated by the electrolyser and the fuel cell. The model is well suited for the analysis of the effects of different component dimensionings in a hydrogen-based energy system on the overall energy balance within the residential sector.
{"title":"Model of an Automous PV Home using a Hybrid Storage System based on Li-ion batteries and Hydrogen Storage with Waste Heat Utilization","authors":"Marius C. Möller, S. Krauter","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a hybrid energy system model created in Matlab/Simulink which is based on photovoltaics as its main energy source. The model includes a hybrid energy storage which consists of a short-term lithium-ion battery and hydrogen as long-term storage to ensure energy autonomy even during periods of low PV production (e.g., in winter). The sectors heat and electricity are coupled by using the waste heat generated by production and reconversion of hydrogen through an electrolyser respectively a fuel cell. A heat pump has been considered to cover the residual heat demand for well insulated homes. Within this paper a model of the space heating system as well as the hot water heating system is presented. The model is designed for the simulation and analysis of a whole year energy flow by using a time series of loads, weather and heat profiles as input. Moreover, results of the energy balance within the energy system by simulation of a complete year by varying the orientation (elevation and azimuth) of the PV system and the component sizing, such as the lithium-ion battery capacity, are presented. It turned out that a high amount of heating energy can be saved by using the waste heat generated by the electrolyser and the fuel cell. The model is well suited for the analysis of the effects of different component dimensionings in a hydrogen-based energy system on the overall energy balance within the residential sector.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114083273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938878
Ryan M. Smith, Manjunath Matam, H. Seigneur
The intentional removal of one or more photovoltaic modules from a string, thus shortening the length of the string relative to others within the array, may occur for a variety of reasons. The result is a mismatch in string length which our previous work has shown to impact the operation of the array by 1) shifting the ideal maximum power point of the array, and 2) inducing reverse currents in the shortened strings at VOC, a condition experienced by arrays under normal operation and during some maintenance activities. This work takes the experimentally verified simulation results of our previous small-scale studies and expands the simulations to elucidate behaviors at commercial and utility scales.
{"title":"Mismatch Losses in Simulated Commercial and Utility-scale PV Arrays due to Shortened Strings","authors":"Ryan M. Smith, Manjunath Matam, H. Seigneur","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938878","url":null,"abstract":"The intentional removal of one or more photovoltaic modules from a string, thus shortening the length of the string relative to others within the array, may occur for a variety of reasons. The result is a mismatch in string length which our previous work has shown to impact the operation of the array by 1) shifting the ideal maximum power point of the array, and 2) inducing reverse currents in the shortened strings at VOC, a condition experienced by arrays under normal operation and during some maintenance activities. This work takes the experimentally verified simulation results of our previous small-scale studies and expands the simulations to elucidate behaviors at commercial and utility scales.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114141035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938625
E. A. Gaulding, S. Johnston, D. Sulas‐Kern, Mason J. Reed, J. Rand, R. Flottemesch, T. Silverman, M. Deceglie
As photovoltaic (PV) modules continue to evolve, it is important to catch and understand the causes behind new failure modes. Herein, we study n-type monocrystalline silicon PV modules that have been fielded at a utility scale power plant for 5 years, all of which have already degraded to < 90% of the nameplate max power (Pmp). High resolution electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging suggests multiple possible factors contributing to the modules' underperformance, including series resistance issues (Rs) and wafer non-uniformities. Dark lock-in thermography (DLIT) measurements on a selected module suggests two specific module strings have high Rs. We then tabbed out all 60 cells of the same module. Suns-Voc measurements confirm relatively higher Rs values for the cells in these two strings. Multi-irradiance IV scans show the largest underperformance at the cell level for these same cells. This implicates Rs, rather than wafer non-uniformity, to be the largest contributor to the cell and therefore module underperformance.
{"title":"Investigation of Underperformance in Fielded N-type Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"E. A. Gaulding, S. Johnston, D. Sulas‐Kern, Mason J. Reed, J. Rand, R. Flottemesch, T. Silverman, M. Deceglie","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938625","url":null,"abstract":"As photovoltaic (PV) modules continue to evolve, it is important to catch and understand the causes behind new failure modes. Herein, we study n-type monocrystalline silicon PV modules that have been fielded at a utility scale power plant for 5 years, all of which have already degraded to < 90% of the nameplate max power (Pmp). High resolution electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging suggests multiple possible factors contributing to the modules' underperformance, including series resistance issues (Rs) and wafer non-uniformities. Dark lock-in thermography (DLIT) measurements on a selected module suggests two specific module strings have high Rs. We then tabbed out all 60 cells of the same module. Suns-Voc measurements confirm relatively higher Rs values for the cells in these two strings. Multi-irradiance IV scans show the largest underperformance at the cell level for these same cells. This implicates Rs, rather than wafer non-uniformity, to be the largest contributor to the cell and therefore module underperformance.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120952588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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