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2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)最新文献

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Mechanical Degradation Studies on flexible CIGS cells and modules for floating PV 浮动式光伏柔性CIGS电池和组件的机械降解研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938570
W. Soppe, Aldo Kingma, Dorrit Roosen
This paper describes mechanical degradation experiments carried out to simulate possible bending effects of flexible CIGS modules when mounted on flexible floaters on sea. In an offshore environment the PV modules are subjected to millions of deformations per year. It is concluded that the strain induced by the bending can lead to serious performance loss of the PV modules and measures are advised to reduce the strain in the modules.
本文描述了为模拟柔性CIGS模块安装在海上柔性浮子上可能产生的弯曲效应而进行的力学退化实验。在海上环境中,光伏组件每年遭受数百万次变形。结果表明,弯曲引起的应变会导致光伏组件的严重性能损失,并建议采取措施减小组件的应变。
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引用次数: 2
Monte Carlo evaluation of multijunction solar systems in tandem and 4-terminal configurations 串联和四端结构多结太阳能系统的蒙特卡罗评价
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938841
R. Corso, M. Leonardi, A. Scuto, S. A. Lombardo
Multijunction systems are a promising alternative to overcome the efficiency limit of single-junction cells. A comparison between the two connection schemes, tandem and 4-terminal, is necessary for the development of the applications of this technology. To this purpose, we employed a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, validated on experimental data, to evaluate the power conversion efficiency of a multijunction system in both configurations by obtaining the absorption spectrum of each layer and calculating the current-voltage characteristics for different thicknesses of each layer in the top cell.
多结系统是克服单结电池效率限制的一个有希望的替代方案。对串接和四端两种连接方案进行比较,对于该技术的应用发展是必要的。为此,我们采用蒙特卡罗模拟算法,通过实验数据验证,通过获得每一层的吸收光谱,并计算顶部电池中每一层不同厚度的电流-电压特性,来评估两种配置下多结系统的功率转换效率。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Photovoltaic Plant Tilt on the Need for Storage 光伏电站倾斜对储能需求的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938860
Russell K. Jones, S. Kurtz
This paper explores the application of optimizing tilt of photovoltaic (PV) plants as a statewide strategy to best match the California statewide load over the year and thus minimize storage requirements for a carbon-free grid. Through a simple cost model and energy balance model examining PV + storage in isolation, we show that, even though horizontal trackers produce the lowest cost electricity when the timing of generation is ignored, high-tilt PV plants have the potential to reduce overall system cost substantially by reducing the required storage capacity and by better utilizing surplus electricity. California should consider tilted PV configurations in capacity expansion planning and consider PV electricity pricing or incentives that encourage new PV installations that better match the seasonal load to reduce storage requirements.
本文探讨了优化光伏电站倾斜作为全州策略的应用,以最佳地匹配加州全州全年的负荷,从而最大限度地减少无碳电网的存储需求。通过一个简单的成本模型和单独考察光伏+储能的能量平衡模型,我们表明,即使在忽略发电时机的情况下,水平跟踪器产生的电力成本最低,高倾角光伏电站也有可能通过减少所需的存储容量和更好地利用剩余电力来大幅降低整体系统成本。加州应在产能扩张规划中考虑倾斜的光伏配置,并考虑光伏电价或激励措施,以鼓励更好地匹配季节性负荷的新光伏装置,以减少存储需求。
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引用次数: 0
External Quantum Efficiency and Device Reflectance of CIGS PV for Terrestrial and Space Based Applications 用于地面和空间应用的CIGS PV的外量子效率和器件反射率
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938866
Bishal Shrestha, I. Subedi, R. Collins, N. Podraza
External quantum efficiency (EQE) of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) based solar cells with different antireflection coatings (ARC) has been evaluated under the solar irradiance of airmasses (AM) 0 and 1.5G. The simulations are performed in the wavelength range of 300 - 2500 nm to investigate the absorptance and reflectance features below and above the band gap of the absorber layer. Short circuit current density is increased the most for AM 0 and 1.5G using MgF2 ARCs. However, these ARCs also reduce reflectance below the band gap energy of CIGS which will lead to absorption in other component layers, device heating, and lower operating efficiency.
在空气质量(AM)为0和1.5G的太阳辐照度下,研究了不同增透涂层(ARC)的铜铟镓(CIGS)基太阳能电池的外量子效率(EQE)。在300 ~ 2500nm波长范围内进行了模拟,研究了吸收层带隙以下和带隙以上的吸收和反射特性。MgF2电弧在am0和1.5G时增加的短路电流密度最大。然而,这些电弧也会使反射率降低到CIGS的带隙能量以下,从而导致其他组件层的吸收,器件加热,降低工作效率。
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引用次数: 0
Computerized Tool for Students Training in Solar Geometry 学生太阳几何训练的计算机工具
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938543
Johjan Stiven Zea Fernandez, Mario Luna-delRisco, Sebastián Villegas Moncada, Carlos Ernesto Arrieta Gonzalez, Johann A. Hernandez M, C. A. Arredondo Orozco
Renewable energies have experienced significant growth in recent years. The new installed capacity from renewable sources has surpassed the new installed capacity from conventional sources. Solar energy is the fastest growing and the most pervasive. In this sense, it is essential that the sizing and design of solar energy generation systems (such as photovoltaic systems or solar thermal systems) be carried out considering the solar geometry to ensure that that the location of the generation system allows capturing the greatest amount of solar radiation on any given day or time of the year and, thus, generate more energy. This paper presents the development of a computerized tool, for educational purposes, that allows performing solar geometry calculations to be used in solar energy generation systems. The computerized tool was developed using MATLAB® AppDesigner. The computerized tool facilitates and helps the study of how solar geometry affects the performance of solar energy systems. The computerized tool was tested with students of Energy Engineering Program at U niversidad de Medellín and allowed to verify that the learning process of the subject have improved substantially.
近年来,可再生能源经历了显著的增长。可再生能源的新装机容量已经超过了传统能源的新装机容量。太阳能是发展最快、最普及的能源。从这个意义上说,太阳能发电系统(如光伏系统或太阳能热系统)的大小和设计必须考虑到太阳能的几何形状,以确保发电系统的位置允许在任何给定的日子或一年中的任何时间捕获最大数量的太阳辐射,从而产生更多的能量。本文介绍了一种计算机工具的开发,用于教育目的,允许在太阳能发电系统中使用执行太阳几何计算。计算机化工具是使用MATLAB®AppDesigner开发的。计算机化的工具促进和帮助研究太阳几何形状如何影响太阳能系统的性能。该计算机化工具在universitysidad de Medellín能源工程专业的学生中进行了测试,并被允许验证该主题的学习过程有了实质性的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping of Local Defects and Voltages in Solar Cells using Non-Contact Electrostatic Voltmeter Method 用非接触静电伏特计法测量太阳能电池局部缺陷和电压
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938734
H. Raza, G. Tamizhmani
Underperforming cells in a photovoltaic (PV) module or the modules in a PV string are typically detected and mapped using electroluminescence (EL) infrared (IR) imaging, and current voltage (IV) curve techniques. In the current work, a non-contact electrostatic voltmeter (ESV) technique is presented to detect and map the underperforming spots in a cell and the cells in a module. The ESV technique relies on the voltage mapping of the charged surface of the superstrate glass. The voltage values obtained using ESV at various good and poor performing spots of the cells have been validated using the voltage values obtained in EL analysis. The difference between EL-derived voltage and ESV- measured voltage is determined to be less than 2%. In this work, we combine the strengths of two complementary techniques of ESV (strength: quantitative) and EL (strength: spatial mapping) to obtain a quantitative spatial mapping of defects. This work is further extendable to detect poor performing modules in PV power plants.
通常使用电致发光(EL)红外(IR)成像和电流电压(IV)曲线技术检测和绘制光伏(PV)组件或PV串中组件中表现不佳的电池。在目前的工作中,提出了一种非接触式静电电压表(ESV)技术来检测和绘制电池和模块中电池的不良点。ESV技术依赖于超层玻璃带电表面的电压映射。利用电致发光分析得到的电压值,验证了用ESV在电池的各种性能良好和较差的点上得到的电压值。el推导电压和ESV测量电压之间的差异被确定为小于2%。在这项工作中,我们结合了ESV(强度:定量)和EL(强度:空间映射)两种互补技术的优势,获得了缺陷的定量空间映射。这项工作可以进一步扩展到检测光伏电站中表现不佳的模块。
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引用次数: 0
Parametric study of building-integrated photovoltaic windows 建筑一体化光伏窗的参数化研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938929
Yuan Gao, J. Jonsson, C. Curcija
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), as a distributed energy resource, can cover a part of the building energy demands and even help achieve the idea of net-zero energy buildings. By connecting with energy storage and grid, the entire BIPV systems have a high demand flexibility potential and can improve building resilience against power outages. Roof BIPVs, though considered as the mainstream, have limited area in high-rise buildings compared with windows, where semi-transparent PVs can play a significant role of energy resources given the considerable vertical window areas in modern urban environment. Material scientists have developed various semi-transparent solar cells with a wide range of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and solar and visible transmittance. However, it is not clear about the optimal configurations of semi-transparent solar cells for different types of buildings and climates. To tackle this problem, we conducted a parametric study on PV windows in a reference commercial building considering variables including PCE, solar transmittance, solar absorptance, U factor, daylighting control, window orientations, and climate types. Our model considers the thermal effects of PV windows, i.e., a load or grid connected PV window turns partial solar absorption into electricity instead of heat. The first finding, which differs from roof PVs, is that the vertical solar radiation on east and west facing windows is comparable to that on the south facing windows because the special 90° title angle results in more uniform POA irradiance in different orientations. It means the combination of PV windows in different orientations provide more stable power generation for the building. Results show that the PCE of PV windows dominates the energy saving despite other variables. The balance between solar transmittance and absorptance is also important for energy saving. Slightly higher visible transmittance (0.1) benefits the building energy saving when daylighting control is applied.
建筑集成光伏(BIPV)作为一种分布式能源,可以覆盖部分建筑能源需求,甚至有助于实现净零能耗建筑的理念。通过与储能和电网连接,整个BIPV系统具有很高的需求灵活性潜力,可以提高建筑物对停电的恢复能力。屋顶bipv虽然被认为是主流,但与窗户相比,其在高层建筑中的面积有限,在现代城市环境中,由于垂直窗户面积相当大,半透明的pv可以发挥重要的能源作用。材料科学家已经开发出各种半透明太阳能电池,具有广泛的功率转换效率(pce),以及太阳能和可见光透过率。然而,对于不同类型的建筑和气候,半透明太阳能电池的最佳配置尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题,我们对参考商业建筑的PV窗进行了参数化研究,考虑了PCE、太阳透射率、太阳吸收率、U因子、采光控制、窗户朝向和气候类型等变量。我们的模型考虑了光伏窗的热效应,即负载或并网的光伏窗将部分太阳能吸收转化为电能而不是热量。与屋顶pv不同的第一个发现是,朝东和朝西的窗户的垂直太阳辐射与朝南的窗户相当,因为特殊的90°标题角导致不同方向上的POA辐照度更均匀。这意味着不同朝向的光伏窗组合为建筑提供更稳定的发电。结果表明,尽管存在其他变量,但PV窗的PCE在节能方面占主导地位。太阳能透过率和吸收率之间的平衡对节能也很重要。稍高的可见光透过率(0.1)在采光控制下有利于建筑节能。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral shape changes the optimal perovskite thickness of the 2-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell 光谱形状改变了2端钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的最佳钙钛矿厚度
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938711
D. C. Nguyen, Y. Ishikawa
In this work, we simulate and analyze the impact of spectral shape on the 2-terminal perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cell performance. Under the standard test condition (spectrum AM1. $boldsymbol{5}mathbf{G} {100} mathbf{mW}/mathbf{m}^{2}$, 300K), the optimal perovskite thickness of the 2-terminal tandem solar cell to maximize the tandem efficiency is 640 nm. However, we found that this optimal value depends significantly on the actual spectral shape. Specifically, the optimal perovskite thickness obtained is thinner than 640 nm under the blue-rich spectrum while thicker than 640 under the red-rich spectrum. This finding helps design suitable tandem structures in different climatic zones.
在这项工作中,我们模拟和分析了光谱形状对2端钙钛矿/硅异质结串联太阳能电池性能的影响。在标准测试条件下(频谱AM1)。$boldsymbol{5}mathbf{G} {100} mathbf{mW}/mathbf{m}^{2}$, 300K),使串联效率最大化的2端串联太阳能电池的最佳钙钛矿厚度为640 nm。然而,我们发现这个最优值在很大程度上取决于实际的光谱形状。具体而言,在富蓝光谱下获得的最佳钙钛矿厚度小于640 nm,在富红光谱下获得的最佳钙钛矿厚度大于640 nm。这一发现有助于在不同气候带设计合适的串联结构。
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引用次数: 1
Improved STC and energy yield performance of bifacial modules with white-grid rear reflectors 采用白栅后反射镜的双面模组STC及产能性能的改善
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938599
R. Witteck, M. Siebert, T. Wietler, M. Köntges, Paulius Laurikėnas, J. Denafas
We investigate the performance of bifacial white-grid solar modules using a white reflector on the module rear glass along the cell gaps. Considering the optical and long-term reliability properties of different colors, we determine the optimal geometry of the white reflector in ray tracing simulation. Based on these results we build test-modules and compare their performance under standard testing conditions as well as the annual energy yield with bifacial and monofacial references. White-grid modules outperform the bifacial references under single side indoor-measurements achieving a 1.6% higher module power output. Moreover, they improve the annual energy yield by 1.3% for a location in Hamelin. Comparing the performance gain for varying irradiance conditions indicates that white-grid modules are especially advantageous for locations with high fractions of direct sun light or the application on trackers.
我们研究了双面白网格太阳能组件的性能,使用沿电池间隙的组件后玻璃上的白色反射器。考虑到不同颜色的光学特性和长期可靠性,我们确定了光线追踪模拟中白色反射器的最佳几何形状。基于这些结果,我们构建了测试模块,并比较了它们在标准测试条件下的性能以及在双面和单面参考下的年发电量。在单侧室内测量下,白网格模块的性能优于双面参考,模块输出功率高出1.6%。此外,在Hamelin的一个地方,它们可以将年发电量提高1.3%。比较不同辐照度条件下的性能增益表明,白网格模块对于太阳直射率高的位置或跟踪器的应用特别有利。
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引用次数: 0
Global Ranking of Losses to Photovoltaic Power 全球光伏发电损失排名
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938506
A. Kubiniec, K. Seymour, A. Bhat, J. Hazari, T. Haley, Marc J. R. Perez
Solar power is growing quickly and especially helpful in achieving decarbonization goals. With more installed solar generation capacity, understanding losses becomes increasingly important for optimizing solar development and planning. This paper will attempt to quantify and attribute solar losses globally, focusing on soiling, snow, and temperature as individual losses and how they relate to each other. This will be done by comparing simulated solar power output under a variety of different scenarios with and without the effects of soiling.
太阳能发展迅速,尤其有助于实现脱碳目标。随着太阳能发电装机容量的增加,了解损失对于优化太阳能开发和规划变得越来越重要。本文将尝试对全球的太阳损失进行量化和归因,重点关注污染、雪和温度作为单个损失以及它们之间的关系。这将通过比较各种不同情况下有和没有污染影响的模拟太阳能输出来完成。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)
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