Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3375.1
H. Farrahi, B. Gharraee, M. Oghabian, R. Zare, M. Pirmoradi, Seyed Moteza Najibi, S. A. Batouli
Objectives: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used measures for screening, diagnosing and monitoring of depression treatment. So far, four studies in Iran have examined some of its psychometric properties in the population of medical and psychiatric patients - however, some aspects of its psychometrics and in the student population have not yet been adequately evaluated. The aim of this study is to examine more aspects of psychometric characteristics of PHQ-9 in Iran with a focus on the student population. Methods: In a descriptive study, 463 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-18were selected using convenience sampling and completed the research measures. The reliability of the Persian version of PHQ-9 was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest with two week interval. Its construct validity in the sample of students was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To evaluate its convergent validity, the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the depression subscale of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Depression Inventory (DASS-21), the neuroticism subscale of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the negative affect subscale of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used. The openness subscale of NEO-FFI and the positive affect subscale of PANAS were also used to assess the discriminant validity. Results: According to the findings, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of 0.856 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 indicated, respectively, internal consistency and high test-retest reliability of PHQ-9. Exploratory factor analysis found that all questions were in one factor, accounting for 47.59% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all questions were related to one factor. Positive correlation of PHQ-9 with BDI-II (r = 0.769), the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI (r = 0.508), the depression subscale of DASS-21 (r = 0.647) and the negative affect subscale of PANAS (r = 0.430) represented the convergent validity and its negative correlation with the positive affect subscale PANAS (r = -0.444) indicated its discriminant validity, while the openness subscale of NEO indicates NEO-FFI (r = 0.116) did not show a significant relationship. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that PHQ-9 as a short-term measure has the potential to be used in clinical and research domains to screen, diagnose, and monitor clinical and/or subclinical depression in the student population.
{"title":"The Study of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Among Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the Academic Year 2017-18","authors":"H. Farrahi, B. Gharraee, M. Oghabian, R. Zare, M. Pirmoradi, Seyed Moteza Najibi, S. A. Batouli","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3375.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3375.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used measures for screening, diagnosing and monitoring of depression treatment. So far, four studies in Iran have examined some of its psychometric properties in the population of medical and psychiatric patients - however, some aspects of its psychometrics and in the student population have not yet been adequately evaluated. The aim of this study is to examine more aspects of psychometric characteristics of PHQ-9 in Iran with a focus on the student population. Methods: In a descriptive study, 463 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-18were selected using convenience sampling and completed the research measures. The reliability of the Persian version of PHQ-9 was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest with two week interval. Its construct validity in the sample of students was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To evaluate its convergent validity, the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the depression subscale of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Depression Inventory (DASS-21), the neuroticism subscale of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the negative affect subscale of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used. The openness subscale of NEO-FFI and the positive affect subscale of PANAS were also used to assess the discriminant validity. Results: According to the findings, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of 0.856 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 indicated, respectively, internal consistency and high test-retest reliability of PHQ-9. Exploratory factor analysis found that all questions were in one factor, accounting for 47.59% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all questions were related to one factor. Positive correlation of PHQ-9 with BDI-II (r = 0.769), the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI (r = 0.508), the depression subscale of DASS-21 (r = 0.647) and the negative affect subscale of PANAS (r = 0.430) represented the convergent validity and its negative correlation with the positive affect subscale PANAS (r = -0.444) indicated its discriminant validity, while the openness subscale of NEO indicates NEO-FFI (r = 0.116) did not show a significant relationship. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that PHQ-9 as a short-term measure has the potential to be used in clinical and research domains to screen, diagnose, and monitor clinical and/or subclinical depression in the student population.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47515768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3502.1
B. Damari, F. Akrami
Introduction: Sexual health has been considered as a basic condition to achieve reproductive health, rather than a component of it. This study aimed to identify the Iranchr('39')s challenges of sexual health and its improvement opportunities. Methods: In this qualitative study with the design of content analysis, individual semi-structured interviews were done to collect data. The selection of the participants was targeted to the experienced experts. After individual interviews with 16 experts, and theoretical saturation of data, data analysis was done by deductive content analysis method. Findings: In this study, five main themes of the taboo of sexuality and low public awareness; unconventional sexual behaviors and emerging social harms; stigma and discrimination; lack of governance political commitment; lack of statistical indicators and utilization of current capacities are emerged as the country challenges of sexual health, as well as opportunities and strategies to address them include educating and empowering the public with special focus on youth, adopting policies and revising related laws in line with social changes; advocacy for political support of governance; adopting policies and reviewing related laws to access key reproductive and sexual health services; educating and empowering the public with special focus on youth; promoting positive attitude with focus on the prohibition of stigma and discrimination against groups with high risk sexual behaviors; and promoting professional ethics and gender equity. Conclusion: Addressing the challenges and achieving the highest levels of sexual health requires political commitment of the governance and inter-sectoral collaboration to design and implement multidisciplinary and multidimensional interventions.
{"title":"Iran's Sexual Health Challenges and its Improvement Opportunities from Viewpoint of Policymakers and Experts","authors":"B. Damari, F. Akrami","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3502.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3502.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual health has been considered as a basic condition to achieve reproductive health, rather than a component of it. This study aimed to identify the Iranchr('39')s challenges of sexual health and its improvement opportunities. Methods: In this qualitative study with the design of content analysis, individual semi-structured interviews were done to collect data. The selection of the participants was targeted to the experienced experts. After individual interviews with 16 experts, and theoretical saturation of data, data analysis was done by deductive content analysis method. Findings: In this study, five main themes of the taboo of sexuality and low public awareness; unconventional sexual behaviors and emerging social harms; stigma and discrimination; lack of governance political commitment; lack of statistical indicators and utilization of current capacities are emerged as the country challenges of sexual health, as well as opportunities and strategies to address them include educating and empowering the public with special focus on youth, adopting policies and revising related laws in line with social changes; advocacy for political support of governance; adopting policies and reviewing related laws to access key reproductive and sexual health services; educating and empowering the public with special focus on youth; promoting positive attitude with focus on the prohibition of stigma and discrimination against groups with high risk sexual behaviors; and promoting professional ethics and gender equity. Conclusion: Addressing the challenges and achieving the highest levels of sexual health requires political commitment of the governance and inter-sectoral collaboration to design and implement multidisciplinary and multidimensional interventions.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3535.1
Zulkiflu Musa Argungu, Tajudeen Oladele Olalekan, Murtala Hassan Hassan
Objective Suicidal behaviour is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders and while many believe that, suicide has become a serious matter in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the associated factors of suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) among Nigerian adults. Method The data were collected from Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi and the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Kebbi State, a nationally representative sample recruited using a multi-stage clustered probability design. Results Female, divorced/widowed, lower education and lower-income were associated with SI and SA (OR=1.56 CI=1.31–1.97, OR=1.91 CI=1.09–3.31). In particular, the effect of age on SI presented a reverse pattern based on gender; there was a positive association for men and a negative association for women. Conclusions: This study suggested that low education, low incomes, marital status and age were predominantly associated with the prevalence of SI and SA in women than men.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Factors as Determinants of Suicidal Behaviours Among Adult in Nigeria","authors":"Zulkiflu Musa Argungu, Tajudeen Oladele Olalekan, Murtala Hassan Hassan","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3535.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3535.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Suicidal behaviour is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders and while many believe that, suicide has become a serious matter in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the associated factors of suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) among Nigerian adults. Method The data were collected from Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi and the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Kebbi State, a nationally representative sample recruited using a multi-stage clustered probability design. Results Female, divorced/widowed, lower education and lower-income were associated with SI and SA (OR=1.56 CI=1.31–1.97, OR=1.91 CI=1.09–3.31). In particular, the effect of age on SI presented a reverse pattern based on gender; there was a positive association for men and a negative association for women. Conclusions: This study suggested that low education, low incomes, marital status and age were predominantly associated with the prevalence of SI and SA in women than men.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3294.1
Elnaz Mohammadi, Mohammad Shadbafi
Objectives: Recent studies have identified a disorder called Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) that has similarities with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in attention problems and often mistakenly labeled as ADHD. Attention problems also cause malfunctions in executive functions, often involving the hot circuit and the cold circuit. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity to reward and punishment, response inhibition and sustained attention in children with ADHD and SCT. Methods: The design of the present study was in the frame of Casual Comparative. Participants comprised 100 boys (50 ADHD and 50 SCT) from elem entary schools in Tabriz in 1398-1399 academic years, which were selected through a screening method using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the SCT scale. Then, balloon analogue risk task (BART) was used to measure the sensitivity to reward and punishment and the continuous performance test was used to measure response inhibition and sustained attention. For data analysis Manova and SPSS 20 were used. Results: The results showed that children with ADHD had higher scores in sensitivity to reward and children with SCT had higher scores in sensitivity to punishment. Moreover, children with ADHD have deficits in response inhibition and children with SCT have deficits in sustained attention (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the research Background and the findings of this study, it seems that children with SCT have deficits in hot executive circuit and children with ADHD have trouble in cold executive circuit.
{"title":"The Comparison of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment, Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention in Children with ADHD and SCT: Distinct Contribution of ADHD and SCT to Attention Problems Based on Cold and Hot Executive Circuits","authors":"Elnaz Mohammadi, Mohammad Shadbafi","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3294.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3294.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Recent studies have identified a disorder called Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) that has similarities with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in attention problems and often mistakenly labeled as ADHD. Attention problems also cause malfunctions in executive functions, often involving the hot circuit and the cold circuit. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity to reward and punishment, response inhibition and sustained attention in children with ADHD and SCT. Methods: The design of the present study was in the frame of Casual Comparative. Participants comprised 100 boys (50 ADHD and 50 SCT) from elem entary schools in Tabriz in 1398-1399 academic years, which were selected through a screening method using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the SCT scale. Then, balloon analogue risk task (BART) was used to measure the sensitivity to reward and punishment and the continuous performance test was used to measure response inhibition and sustained attention. For data analysis Manova and SPSS 20 were used. Results: The results showed that children with ADHD had higher scores in sensitivity to reward and children with SCT had higher scores in sensitivity to punishment. Moreover, children with ADHD have deficits in response inhibition and children with SCT have deficits in sustained attention (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the research Background and the findings of this study, it seems that children with SCT have deficits in hot executive circuit and children with ADHD have trouble in cold executive circuit.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3506.1
P. Nasiri, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi, J. Mollazadeh
Objectives The current investigation was done with the aim of studying the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relation between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction of families living in Mahshar city. Methods 200 married people (106 female & 94 male) referring to two clinics of Petrochemical Industries of Mahshahr that were selected voluntarily. Research measurements were Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Persian-Brief), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results The results showed that all dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation and brain-behavioral system activity of participants were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that both negative and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and two dimensions of active avoidance and the fight/flight system as components of the behavioral-brain system activity directly and the behavioral inhibition system indirectly were associated with marital satisfaction. In general, the results of this study showed that the components of the brain-behavioral system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families. Conclusion The brain-behavioral system activity as a biological and sustainable model of personality and using the cognitive emotion regulation strategies has an essential role in predicting marital satisfaction - as a general outcome of long-term interactions between couples.
{"title":"Investigation of the Biological Model of Personality Based on Brain-Behavioral System Activity and Marital Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies","authors":"P. Nasiri, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi, J. Mollazadeh","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3506.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3506.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The current investigation was done with the aim of studying the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relation between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction of families living in Mahshar city. Methods 200 married people (106 female & 94 male) referring to two clinics of Petrochemical Industries of Mahshahr that were selected voluntarily. Research measurements were Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Persian-Brief), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results The results showed that all dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation and brain-behavioral system activity of participants were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that both negative and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and two dimensions of active avoidance and the fight/flight system as components of the behavioral-brain system activity directly and the behavioral inhibition system indirectly were associated with marital satisfaction. In general, the results of this study showed that the components of the brain-behavioral system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families. Conclusion The brain-behavioral system activity as a biological and sustainable model of personality and using the cognitive emotion regulation strategies has an essential role in predicting marital satisfaction - as a general outcome of long-term interactions between couples.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3627.1
Nida Abdolahi, Mohammad Reza Nili Ahmad Abadai, S. Ebrahimi Qavam, Mohammad Asgari, K. Aliabadi
Objectives: Supporting and managing the emotions of the learning-teaching process is very important and requires designing safe learning environments in terms of cognitive experiences, psychosocial relationships and emotional feeling. The purpose of this study is to Develope and validate of instructional design model based on control-value theory of achievement emotions to improve the psychological health and performance of learners and educators. Methods: The research method is qualitative and inductive content analysis technique was used. Sources related to CVT theory were reviewed in the period 2007 to 2021 and 175 sources were selected. Based on purposive sampling, 63 sources were analyzed. In a regular approach, themes and themes related to important components of the theory were recorded and coded in the form of key sentences in the table. The codes were categorized based on similarities and differences in the more general categories. Finally, an instructional design model based on CVT theory was presented. The model content validation questionnaire was sent to 20 specialists in educational technology and educational psychology. 12 people completed the questionnaire and the results were analyzed. Results: The results of the analysis led to the identification of the main components of CVT theory, which by combining of instructional design principles, instructional design model based on the theory of control-value of achievement emotions in eight components: learning environment, cognitive appraisal, emotion, achievement, learning, evaluation , Design and learner presented and approved by experts. Conclusion: The instructional design model based on the theory of control-value of achievement emotions, at the micro and macro levels in all academic levels and various fields of medicine, humanities and Science is very effective and promises a rich teaching learning environment in terms of achievement emotions.
{"title":"Developing and Validation of Instructional Design Model Based on Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions","authors":"Nida Abdolahi, Mohammad Reza Nili Ahmad Abadai, S. Ebrahimi Qavam, Mohammad Asgari, K. Aliabadi","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3627.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.4.3627.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Supporting and managing the emotions of the learning-teaching process is very important and requires designing safe learning environments in terms of cognitive experiences, psychosocial relationships and emotional feeling. The purpose of this study is to Develope and validate of instructional design model based on control-value theory of achievement emotions to improve the psychological health and performance of learners and educators. Methods: The research method is qualitative and inductive content analysis technique was used. Sources related to CVT theory were reviewed in the period 2007 to 2021 and 175 sources were selected. Based on purposive sampling, 63 sources were analyzed. In a regular approach, themes and themes related to important components of the theory were recorded and coded in the form of key sentences in the table. The codes were categorized based on similarities and differences in the more general categories. Finally, an instructional design model based on CVT theory was presented. The model content validation questionnaire was sent to 20 specialists in educational technology and educational psychology. 12 people completed the questionnaire and the results were analyzed. Results: The results of the analysis led to the identification of the main components of CVT theory, which by combining of instructional design principles, instructional design model based on the theory of control-value of achievement emotions in eight components: learning environment, cognitive appraisal, emotion, achievement, learning, evaluation , Design and learner presented and approved by experts. Conclusion: The instructional design model based on the theory of control-value of achievement emotions, at the micro and macro levels in all academic levels and various fields of medicine, humanities and Science is very effective and promises a rich teaching learning environment in terms of achievement emotions.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.747.4
Mozhgan Taban, A. Hajebi, M. Gholami, M. Naserbakht
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the performance of Community-based Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) in Iran and identifying the strengths and challenges in the provision of mental health services. Methods: This is a qualitative study, conducted using 36 individual interviews and 13 focus group discussions. Content analysis was performed and data were categorized. The findings were presented in terms of the needs for program implementation, achieving the expected goals and outcomes, and the findings of program evaluation. First, the points related to the provision of infrastructure and setting up the centers were mentioned, and then, the features, strengths and challenges facing the program were discussed. Results: Significant successes were achieved in providing infrastructure and implementing the community-based mental health program. Challenges in the implementation of this program included the barriers to attracting more general physicians and the impact of culture and attitudes in each city on the effectiveness of the program. Conclusion: To improve the performance of CMHCs, more attention should be paid to psychiatry and mental health educational programs in the general medicine curriculum, public education about the mental health and providing solutions for better implementation of the program.
{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Community Mental Health Centers in Iran: Strengths and Challenges","authors":"Mozhgan Taban, A. Hajebi, M. Gholami, M. Naserbakht","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.747.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.747.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the performance of Community-based Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) in Iran and identifying the strengths and challenges in the provision of mental health services. Methods: This is a qualitative study, conducted using 36 individual interviews and 13 focus group discussions. Content analysis was performed and data were categorized. The findings were presented in terms of the needs for program implementation, achieving the expected goals and outcomes, and the findings of program evaluation. First, the points related to the provision of infrastructure and setting up the centers were mentioned, and then, the features, strengths and challenges facing the program were discussed. Results: Significant successes were achieved in providing infrastructure and implementing the community-based mental health program. Challenges in the implementation of this program included the barriers to attracting more general physicians and the impact of culture and attitudes in each city on the effectiveness of the program. Conclusion: To improve the performance of CMHCs, more attention should be paid to psychiatry and mental health educational programs in the general medicine curriculum, public education about the mental health and providing solutions for better implementation of the program.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.3006.2
Mahsa Zarei, R. Nilipour, Mohsen Shati, Shohreh Shakeri, Reza Arezoomandan, Kimia Amirzadeh, Fahimeh Hajiakhoundi
Objectives: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes. Methods: The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups. Results: Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact. Conclusion: It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.
目的:额颞叶痴呆(FTD)是一种罕见的痴呆类型。FTD的标志性特征是在不同的FTD亚型中表现为失语或行为改变。在本研究中，我们提出定量失语测试作为鉴别FTD亚型的附加诊断工具。方法:选取伊朗德黑兰Rasul Akram医院痴呆门诊的20例FTD患者(男13例，女7例，年龄58 ~ 78岁，平均年龄63±0.8岁)进行应用研究。根据临床诊断将患者分为行为变异组(n=5)、语义性痴呆组(n=4)和非流利性失语组(n=11)。对患者进行波斯语西方失语电池(P-WAB-1)测试，根据失语总分(失语商)评估失语严重程度。测试的每个语言部分的分数也分别报告给每个学习小组。记录完数据后，用SPSS v. 22软件进行全岩分析。失语商评分的显著性水平在各研究组分别测定。结果:非流利性失语症患者仅在言语流利领域存在问题，其他领域的能力保持完整。结论:P-WAB-1检测是评估进行性痴呆患者非流利性失语的有效工具。这些患者应转介给语言治疗师进行康复治疗。
{"title":"Assessment of Aphasia in Iranian Patients Suffering from Frontotemporal Dementia","authors":"Mahsa Zarei, R. Nilipour, Mohsen Shati, Shohreh Shakeri, Reza Arezoomandan, Kimia Amirzadeh, Fahimeh Hajiakhoundi","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.3006.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.3006.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes. Methods: The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups. Results: Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact. Conclusion: It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.26.4.3217.1
Ali Zade-Mohammadi, Hamid Kordestanchi Aslani
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship of early maladaptive schemas with spouse abuse. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 324 married adults (226 females, 98 males) living in Tehran, Iran in 2017 were selected using a convenience sampling technique. They completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2), the Young Scale Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in AMOS software. Results: The results of SEM showed a direct significant path from early maladaptive schemas to cognitive emotional regulation, and from cognitive emotional regulation to spouse abuse. There were also significant indirect paths from the first, second, and third domains of early maladaptive schemas to spouse abuse mediated by negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a path coefficients of 0.13, 0.16, and 0.13, respectively. The final structural model was a good-fitting model (X2/dF=1.595, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.045, Comparative Fit Index =0.953). Conclusion: The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spouse abuse is not linear; it is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship of Early Maladaptive Schemas With Spouse Abuse","authors":"Ali Zade-Mohammadi, Hamid Kordestanchi Aslani","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.26.4.3217.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.26.4.3217.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship of early maladaptive schemas with spouse abuse. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 324 married adults (226 females, 98 males) living in Tehran, Iran in 2017 were selected using a convenience sampling technique. They completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2), the Young Scale Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in AMOS software. Results: The results of SEM showed a direct significant path from early maladaptive schemas to cognitive emotional regulation, and from cognitive emotional regulation to spouse abuse. There were also significant indirect paths from the first, second, and third domains of early maladaptive schemas to spouse abuse mediated by negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a path coefficients of 0.13, 0.16, and 0.13, respectively. The final structural model was a good-fitting model (X2/dF=1.595, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.045, Comparative Fit Index =0.953). Conclusion: The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spouse abuse is not linear; it is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2117.1
Ruohollah Seddigh, Somayeh Azarnik
Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in psychiatry that has received much attention today. During the last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects of cultural psychiatry from the field of epidemiology to the cultural conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries to refer to the history of contemporary cultural psychiatry and the efforts have been made in this field by Iranian psychiatrists between 1936 and 2019. It seems that the introduction of these efforts as educational resources to residents and students can help to further explain and develop this area and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. However, there are still shortcomings in documenting, compiling, and integrating these services, which require special attention from researchers in this field.
{"title":"History of Contemporary Cultural Psychiatry in Iran","authors":"Ruohollah Seddigh, Somayeh Azarnik","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2117.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2117.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in psychiatry that has received much attention today. During the last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects of cultural psychiatry from the field of epidemiology to the cultural conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries to refer to the history of contemporary cultural psychiatry and the efforts have been made in this field by Iranian psychiatrists between 1936 and 2019. It seems that the introduction of these efforts as educational resources to residents and students can help to further explain and develop this area and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. However, there are still shortcomings in documenting, compiling, and integrating these services, which require special attention from researchers in this field.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47993271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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