Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699
Paulina de los Reyes
ABSTRACT Images of migrant mothers have been a powerful marker for otherness in discourses of gender, migration and racialisation in Sweden. These women are often described as a problematic group in official discourses on labour-market policy, social welfare and gender equality. Taking as its point of departure the belief that knowledge production constitutes a central arena for deploying relations of power, the purpose of this article is to explore how migrant women’s experiences of motherhood have been represented in the Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU). What conditions of (im)possibility for motherhood, everyday life and integration into Swedish society are expressed in these government reports? How is the position of migrant mothers related to working conditions, intergenerational transmissions and reproduction dilemmas? The article focuses on the years between 1970 and 2000, a period that was characterised by profound transformations in Swedish society expressed not only in changing migration regulations and new gendered divisions of labour but also in the emergence of racialised patterns of inequality in housing, the labour market and access to social welfare. In so doing, the article contributes from the perspective of economic history to contemporary debates on the nexus between migration and racialisation in postcolonial societies.
{"title":"Migrant mothers: work, nation and racialisation in Swedish official discourses 1970–2000","authors":"Paulina de los Reyes","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Images of migrant mothers have been a powerful marker for otherness in discourses of gender, migration and racialisation in Sweden. These women are often described as a problematic group in official discourses on labour-market policy, social welfare and gender equality. Taking as its point of departure the belief that knowledge production constitutes a central arena for deploying relations of power, the purpose of this article is to explore how migrant women’s experiences of motherhood have been represented in the Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU). What conditions of (im)possibility for motherhood, everyday life and integration into Swedish society are expressed in these government reports? How is the position of migrant mothers related to working conditions, intergenerational transmissions and reproduction dilemmas? The article focuses on the years between 1970 and 2000, a period that was characterised by profound transformations in Swedish society expressed not only in changing migration regulations and new gendered divisions of labour but also in the emergence of racialised patterns of inequality in housing, the labour market and access to social welfare. In so doing, the article contributes from the perspective of economic history to contemporary debates on the nexus between migration and racialisation in postcolonial societies.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42147035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698
Astrid Elkjær Sørensen, Stinne Skriver Jørgensen, Maja Meiland Hansen
ABSTRACT In June 1969, the Danish parliament passed an extensive law complex, known as the Public Servant Reform of 1969. An important part of the reform was a new wage and classification system into which all public employees were placed. In newer Danish research on the gender wage gap, it is a hypothesis that the reform created a wage hierarchy in the public sector which in general was unfavourable to female-dominated professions, and that this hierarchy largely has persisted to the present due to mechanisms in the collective bargaining system. In our article, we test this hypothesis using graphical analysis and descriptive statistics. Our study supports the existing hypothesis about a gender biased wage hierarchy in 1969. We find that there is a close coherence between the wage hierarchy in 1969 and the wage hierarchy in 2019. However, our analysis also shows how education level explains even less of the traditional female dominated professions’ position in the wage hierarchy in 2019 compared with 1969, and that this is still the case when we take absence patterns and family-friendly benefits into account. That points toward a wage system, which seems unable to adjust to changes in an established profession’s profile.
{"title":"Half a century of female wage disadvantage: an analysis of Denmark’s public wage hierarchy in 1969 and today","authors":"Astrid Elkjær Sørensen, Stinne Skriver Jørgensen, Maja Meiland Hansen","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In June 1969, the Danish parliament passed an extensive law complex, known as the Public Servant Reform of 1969. An important part of the reform was a new wage and classification system into which all public employees were placed. In newer Danish research on the gender wage gap, it is a hypothesis that the reform created a wage hierarchy in the public sector which in general was unfavourable to female-dominated professions, and that this hierarchy largely has persisted to the present due to mechanisms in the collective bargaining system. In our article, we test this hypothesis using graphical analysis and descriptive statistics. Our study supports the existing hypothesis about a gender biased wage hierarchy in 1969. We find that there is a close coherence between the wage hierarchy in 1969 and the wage hierarchy in 2019. However, our analysis also shows how education level explains even less of the traditional female dominated professions’ position in the wage hierarchy in 2019 compared with 1969, and that this is still the case when we take absence patterns and family-friendly benefits into account. That points toward a wage system, which seems unable to adjust to changes in an established profession’s profile.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43864654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301
Simon Gogl
ABSTRACT This article enquires into the role of private German businesses in the administration of Nazi-occupied Western and Northern Europe during the Second World War. It is argued that the National Socialists were able to rule over occupied Europe with a remarkably low number of administrative personnel because they trusted private industry with central administrative responsibilities and tasks. The focus will be on the German construction industry working under the paramilitary construction unit Organisation Todt, as no other sector relocated its activities to such a degree to the occupied territories. Under the slogan of ‘industrial self-responsibility’, German construction firms played a crucial role as bridgeheads and mediators, especially in the early phase of the occupation, helped to draft procurement contracts for construction projects, to control prices and entrepreneurial profits, to supervise local sub-contractors, and finally, to recruit and supervise forced labour. By investigating these aspects, the article adds not only to our understanding of the German administration of occupied Europe, but also of the functioning of the Nazi state in general. Moreover, the article highlights the consequences of industrial self-responsibility for state-business relations in the Third Reich.
{"title":"The German construction industry and industrial self-responsibility in occupied Europe, 1939–45","authors":"Simon Gogl","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article enquires into the role of private German businesses in the administration of Nazi-occupied Western and Northern Europe during the Second World War. It is argued that the National Socialists were able to rule over occupied Europe with a remarkably low number of administrative personnel because they trusted private industry with central administrative responsibilities and tasks. The focus will be on the German construction industry working under the paramilitary construction unit Organisation Todt, as no other sector relocated its activities to such a degree to the occupied territories. Under the slogan of ‘industrial self-responsibility’, German construction firms played a crucial role as bridgeheads and mediators, especially in the early phase of the occupation, helped to draft procurement contracts for construction projects, to control prices and entrepreneurial profits, to supervise local sub-contractors, and finally, to recruit and supervise forced labour. By investigating these aspects, the article adds not only to our understanding of the German administration of occupied Europe, but also of the functioning of the Nazi state in general. Moreover, the article highlights the consequences of industrial self-responsibility for state-business relations in the Third Reich.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294
L. Andersson, Liselotte Eriksson
ABSTRACT In 2020, The COVID-19 crisis has put great pressure on the economy worldwide. Only time can tell whether the COVID-19 crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the previous pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily small-sum industrial life insurance policies designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did not, however, have a lasting effect. By the time the pandemic had faded, the number of policies had dropped to below pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines the fact that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to behavioural change among households as currently being predicted in relation to COVID-19.
{"title":"Household risk strategies during a pandemic – experiences from the 1918 influenza pandemic","authors":"L. Andersson, Liselotte Eriksson","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2020, The COVID-19 crisis has put great pressure on the economy worldwide. Only time can tell whether the COVID-19 crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the previous pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily small-sum industrial life insurance policies designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did not, however, have a lasting effect. By the time the pandemic had faded, the number of policies had dropped to below pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines the fact that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to behavioural change among households as currently being predicted in relation to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42776735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299
Gregory Ferguson-Cradler
ABSTRACT Recent calls from within economics for increased attention to narrative open the door to possible cross-fertilisation between economics and more humanistically oriented business and economic history. Indeed, arguments for economists to take narratives seriously and incorporate them into economic theory have some similarities with classic calls for a revival of narrative in history and abandonment of ‘scientific’ history. Both share an approach to explaining social phenomena based on the micro-level. This article examines how new methods in computational text analysis can be employed to further the goals of prioritising narrative in economics and history but also challenge a focus on the micro-level. Through a survey of the most frequently used tools of computational text analysis and an overview of their uses to date across the social sciences and humanities, this article shows how such methods can provide economic and business historians tools to respond to and engage with the ‘narrative turn’ in economics while also building on and offering a macro-level corrective to the focus on narrative in history.
{"title":"Narrative and computational text analysis in business and economic history","authors":"Gregory Ferguson-Cradler","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent calls from within economics for increased attention to narrative open the door to possible cross-fertilisation between economics and more humanistically oriented business and economic history. Indeed, arguments for economists to take narratives seriously and incorporate them into economic theory have some similarities with classic calls for a revival of narrative in history and abandonment of ‘scientific’ history. Both share an approach to explaining social phenomena based on the micro-level. This article examines how new methods in computational text analysis can be employed to further the goals of prioritising narrative in economics and history but also challenge a focus on the micro-level. Through a survey of the most frequently used tools of computational text analysis and an overview of their uses to date across the social sciences and humanities, this article shows how such methods can provide economic and business historians tools to respond to and engage with the ‘narrative turn’ in economics while also building on and offering a macro-level corrective to the focus on narrative in history.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984296
Sigríður Matthíasdóttir, Þorgerður J. Einarsdóttir
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to contribute to the historical discussion of women entrepreneurs. It demonstrates that in Iceland, historical research on this theme has been scarce. The special focus of this article is to analyse the entrepreneurial agency of an East Icelandic female businesswoman, Pálína Waage (1864–1935), against this background. Based on her autobiography, diaries, and other local accounts, we analyse Pálína’s work and life trajectory in the context of the transnational town of Seyðisfjörður where she operated. We propose that Pálína possessed, in her local context, social and symbolic capital as an entrepreneur, as understood by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. However, Pálína’s subject and agency has been silenced by factors such as the restricted financial authority of married women at the time, sociohistorical data, and the masculine discursive formation of the term ‘entrepreneur’ in the Icelandic context. It is proposed that Pálína’s female entrepreneurial agency was transgressive given these historical circumstances. It is also suggested that local history may help make entrepreneurial subjects, such as Pálína, visible. However, the question of whether Icelandic national history and the history of women and gender offer such possibilities is a topic for future research.
{"title":"Female enterprise on a transnational border: the entrepreneurial agency of an East Icelandic businesswoman, Pálína Waage (1864–1935)","authors":"Sigríður Matthíasdóttir, Þorgerður J. Einarsdóttir","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to contribute to the historical discussion of women entrepreneurs. It demonstrates that in Iceland, historical research on this theme has been scarce. The special focus of this article is to analyse the entrepreneurial agency of an East Icelandic female businesswoman, Pálína Waage (1864–1935), against this background. Based on her autobiography, diaries, and other local accounts, we analyse Pálína’s work and life trajectory in the context of the transnational town of Seyðisfjörður where she operated. We propose that Pálína possessed, in her local context, social and symbolic capital as an entrepreneur, as understood by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. However, Pálína’s subject and agency has been silenced by factors such as the restricted financial authority of married women at the time, sociohistorical data, and the masculine discursive formation of the term ‘entrepreneur’ in the Icelandic context. It is proposed that Pálína’s female entrepreneurial agency was transgressive given these historical circumstances. It is also suggested that local history may help make entrepreneurial subjects, such as Pálína, visible. However, the question of whether Icelandic national history and the history of women and gender offer such possibilities is a topic for future research.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984297
Gloria Sanz Lafuente
The Second World War was followed by the development of the atom economy. There is no research on radioisotopes in economic and business history. This nuclear commodity stemmed from a related diversification process whose origin lay first in nuclear technology and then in reactors. This paper introduces the first stage of a technological innovation and the emergence phase of the agrarian and agroindustrial side of the businesses arising from the development of nuclear technology. The whole process highlights the early diffusion stage of product and process innovations (radioisotopes or radionuclides) and technology transfer. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 10 November 2020 Accepted 19 May 2021
{"title":"Atoms for feeding: radioisotopes from the laboratory to the market, 1946–1960","authors":"Gloria Sanz Lafuente","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984297","url":null,"abstract":"The Second World War was followed by the development of the atom economy. There is no research on radioisotopes in economic and business history. This nuclear commodity stemmed from a related diversification process whose origin lay first in nuclear technology and then in reactors. This paper introduces the first stage of a technological innovation and the emergence phase of the agrarian and agroindustrial side of the businesses arising from the development of nuclear technology. The whole process highlights the early diffusion stage of product and process innovations (radioisotopes or radionuclides) and technology transfer. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 10 November 2020 Accepted 19 May 2021","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984300
F. Andersson
ABSTRACT This paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilisation policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilisation policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show three key results (i) policies are often a source of destabilisation rather than stabilisation, (ii) regimes are designed for a specific time and ends when economic circumstances change, and (iii) fixed exchange rates worsen the economic effects of financial crises.
{"title":"The quest for economic stability: a study on Swedish stabilisation policies 1873–2019","authors":"F. Andersson","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilisation policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilisation policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show three key results (i) policies are often a source of destabilisation rather than stabilisation, (ii) regimes are designed for a specific time and ends when economic circumstances change, and (iii) fixed exchange rates worsen the economic effects of financial crises.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47783504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984302
P. Sandvik
{"title":"Vad är ekonomisk historia? [What is economic history?]","authors":"P. Sandvik","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1984302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49584203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2008493
H. Cagle
The Scandinavian Society for Economic and Social History is the umbrella organization for the four Nordic societies and publishes the Scandinavian Economic History Review. It was decided in 2019 that from 2020 the Society would award the first annual “Heckscher Prize” of 400 EUR for the best article published in the SEHR in the previous year (2019). This award is named after Scandinavia’s perhaps most famous economic historian, Eli Heckscher, an article by whom was posthumously published in the first issue of the Review in 1953. We were unable to award it last year due to corona, so this year we have the awards for the best articles from 2019 and 2020. The 2021 prize will be awarded in Odense, Denmark next year.
{"title":"Prize announcement","authors":"H. Cagle","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.2008493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.2008493","url":null,"abstract":"The Scandinavian Society for Economic and Social History is the umbrella organization for the four Nordic societies and publishes the Scandinavian Economic History Review. It was decided in 2019 that from 2020 the Society would award the first annual “Heckscher Prize” of 400 EUR for the best article published in the SEHR in the previous year (2019). This award is named after Scandinavia’s perhaps most famous economic historian, Eli Heckscher, an article by whom was posthumously published in the first issue of the Review in 1953. We were unable to award it last year due to corona, so this year we have the awards for the best articles from 2019 and 2020. The 2021 prize will be awarded in Odense, Denmark next year.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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