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Anti-immigrant Attitudes in the European Union: What Role for Values? 欧盟的反移民态度:价值观的作用?
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4615
Vytenis Juozas Deimantas
This paper aims to analyse the connection between values individuals hold and perception whether immigration is bad or good for economy in the European Union. It applies the multilevel modelling approach on the European Social Survey rounds 1–7 and a set of the OECD economic measures. The method allows for an examination of personal (values, socioecomic and demographic) and contextual (GDP, inequality and unemployment rates) drivers of anti-immigrant tendencies. The results show that individual values are connected to how people perceive immigrants in the EU.
本文旨在分析个人持有的价值观与移民对欧盟经济是好是坏的看法之间的联系。它将多层次建模方法应用于欧洲社会调查第1-7轮和经合组织的一套经济措施。该方法允许检查反移民倾向的个人(价值观、社会经济和人口)和背景(GDP、不平等和失业率)驱动因素。研究结果表明,个人价值观与人们对欧盟移民的看法有关。
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引用次数: 2
Mobility Restrictions and Transnational Families: How COVID-19 Pandemic May Affect Families and Caring for Children? 流动限制与跨国家庭:COVID-19大流行如何影响家庭和照顾儿童?
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4616
I. Juozeliūnienė, Gintė Martinkėnė, Irma Budginaite-Mackine, Laimutė Žilinskienė
In this article, we analyse how global mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 may affect Lithuanian transnational families and transnational practices of parenting. The article draws on the data from the quota-based survey, implemented while carrying out the research project ‘Global Migration and Lithuanian Family: Family Practices, Circulation of Care and Return Strategies’ (No. S-MIP-17-117), funded by the Lithuanian Research Council, to analyse the transnational care practices that require the mobility of family members. The challenges created by the pandemic are discussed while analysing the data from the case studies of transnational families. The article reveals that the free mobility of family members in the global world is an important part of the transnational care practices, ensuring continuity of family relations and childcare, regardless of the residence of the family members. The anti-mobility regimes create challenges to family unity, intergenerational relations and give ground to the emergence of new stigmas.
在本文中,我们分析了与COVID-19相关的全球流动限制如何影响立陶宛跨国家庭和跨国育儿实践。本文借鉴了基于配额的调查数据,该调查是在开展“全球移民与立陶宛家庭:家庭实践、关爱流通和回归战略”研究项目(No. 5)时实施的。S-MIP-17-117),由立陶宛研究理事会资助,分析需要家庭成员流动的跨国护理做法。在分析跨国家庭个案研究数据的同时,讨论了这一流行病带来的挑战。本文揭示了家庭成员在全球范围内的自由流动是跨国护理实践的重要组成部分,它确保了家庭关系和儿童保育的连续性,而无论家庭成员的居住地如何。反流动制度给家庭团结、代际关系带来挑战,并使新的耻辱得以出现。
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引用次数: 0
Collective and Individual Factors in the Development of Creative Ideas in Art: The Perspective of Film Directors 艺术创意发展中的集体与个人因素:电影导演的视角
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4624
Anda Laķe, Laura Brutāne, Ketrisa Petkeviča
The study focuses on the question if and how it is possible to balance the freedom of developing artist’s individual creative idea and the societal demand for art defined in a concrete political context. The theoretical basis for the article is formed by research approaches grounded on sociology of creativity and social psychology. The object of the case study is film directors who had obtained funding for the production and dissemination of their films within the funding program ‘Latvian Films for Latvia’s Centenary’ (2016–2018). The experience of film directors (N 16) was examined by using in-depth interviews and transcriptions analysed in accordance with qualitative methodology. The study identified two contingent levels of creativity inspiration – the individual and the societal or collective level. The authors identify several development models of the film directors’ creative ideas, three of which are dominant: the independent outsider who stresses individual, seed-incident based creativity factors independent of the Latvian Centenary program; the independent idealist who stresses both individual and collective factors, independent of the Latvian Centenary program; the conforming patriot who stresses collective creativity factors that stem from the Latvian Centenary program. The view represented in the film directors’ interviews has in common the assumption that the Latvian Centenary call had a positive influence on the film ideas, allowing the development of the artistic vision and conceptualising the framework for the expression of their ideas. The directors emphasise that there was no intentional configuration of the film creative ideas by formally adjusting them to the demand, thus circumventing the barriers of social field’s gatekeepers. In many cases the idea had been developed long before the film idea call. Most directors admitted that the goal of the Centenary call appeared important to them both in terms of the state, and on the social and personal level.
本研究关注的问题是,在具体的政治背景下,艺术家个人创意的自由发展与社会对艺术的需求之间是否以及如何实现平衡。本文的理论基础是以创造社会学和社会心理学为基础的研究方法。案例研究的对象是电影导演,他们在“拉脱维亚百年电影”(2016-2018)资助计划中获得了制作和传播电影的资金。电影导演(n16)的经验是通过使用深度访谈和转录分析按照定性方法进行检查。该研究确定了创造力灵感的两个偶然水平——个人和社会或集体水平。作者确定了电影导演创意理念的几种发展模式,其中三种占主导地位:独立的局外人,强调独立于拉脱维亚百年纪念计划的个人,种子事件为基础的创意因素;独立的理想主义者强调个人和集体因素,独立于拉脱维亚百年计划;强调来自拉脱维亚百年纪念计划的集体创造力因素的符合标准的爱国者。在电影导演的采访中所代表的观点都有一个共同的假设,即拉脱维亚百年纪念的呼吁对电影思想产生了积极的影响,使艺术视野得以发展,并使表达他们思想的框架概念化。导演们强调,电影创意并没有刻意的配置,而是根据需求进行正式的调整,从而规避了社会领域看门人的障碍。在许多情况下,这个想法在电影创意电话之前就已经形成了。大多数导演都承认,无论是从国家层面,还是从社会和个人层面来看,百年纪念呼吁的目标对他们来说都很重要。
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引用次数: 1
The Hypocritical Consciousness and the Emancipatory Aims of the Soviet Society 苏联社会的虚伪意识与解放目标
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4614
Vylius Leonavičius, Apolonijus Žilys
The material and the post-material values of the young generation in the last Soviet decade are analysed according to the theory of human development and compared with the values of the rest of the society. They are further analysed in light of hypocritical dispositions that developed systematically during the Soviet period. The study uses the data of the European Value Survey of 1990. The youngest cohort more preferred post-material values and declared emancipatory aims, but also was more in favour of breaking social norms than the older generation.
根据人的发展理论,分析了苏联最后十年年轻一代的物质价值观和后物质价值观,并与社会其他人的价值观进行了比较。根据苏联时期形成的系统的伪善倾向,进一步分析了这些伪善倾向。这项研究使用了1990年欧洲价值调查的数据。最年轻的一代更倾向于后物质价值观和宣称的解放目标,但也比老一辈更倾向于打破社会规范。
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引用次数: 0
Seeking a Solution to the Problem of Prostitution: Application of Repressive Social Politics 寻求卖淫问题的解决之道:压制性社会政治的应用
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4622
Irma Kondrataitė, Lina Šumskaitė
C. Benoit et al. (2018) distinguish three models of social policy that reveal different approaches to prostitution: repressive (prohibiting prostitution), regulating and integrating (decriminalizing prostitution). In Lithuania, a repressive model of social policy is applied in prostitution – both the client and the person providing sexual services are fined. Currently, active social campaigns are underway to apply the Nordic (or Equality) model in prostitution in Lithuania: only the client who buys sexual services would be committing a crime and therefore fined. Although adapting the Nordic model would reduce women’s administrative criminality in female prostitution, the authors consider, based on a case study and the experience of other countries, whether focusing on repressive social policy legislations will address the stigma and isolation that hinder the integration and empowerment of women.
C. Benoit等人(2018)区分了三种社会政策模式,揭示了卖淫的不同方法:镇压(禁止卖淫),调节和整合(使卖淫合法化)。在立陶宛,社会政策的压制模式适用于卖淫——嫖客和提供性服务的人都要被罚款。目前,立陶宛正在开展积极的社会运动,将北欧(或平等)模式应用于卖淫业:只有购买性服务的客户才构成犯罪,因此被罚款。虽然采用北欧模式将减少妇女在女性卖淫中的行政犯罪,但根据案例研究和其他国家的经验,提交人认为,侧重于压制性社会政策立法是否将解决阻碍妇女融入社会和赋予妇女权力的耻辱和孤立问题。
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引用次数: 0
Values, Attitudes and Energy Saving Behaviour in Lithuania 立陶宛的价值观、态度和节能行为
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4618
Vidas Vilčinskas
Individual behaviour has a significant role to play in reducing the negative impacts of climate change. The energy sector is a significant component impacting climate. Although individual energy saving behaviour can be perceived as something detached from climate change, it is important because of its impact and is therefore the subject of research. The aim of this study is to identify the main factors influencing energy saving behaviour in Lithuania. The Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Theory of Basic Human Values are tested using the European Social Survey Round 8 data. The results show that intention to save energy is the most important factor influencing behaviour. Values are also a strong predictor of energy saving behaviour. Attitudes towards climate change and perceived behavioural control have only a very weak relationship with behaviour.
个人行为在减少气候变化的负面影响方面发挥着重要作用。能源部门是影响气候的一个重要组成部分。尽管个人节能行为可以被视为与气候变化无关的东西,但由于其影响,它很重要,因此是研究的主题。本研究的目的是确定影响立陶宛节能行为的主要因素。计划行为理论和基本人类价值观理论使用欧洲社会调查第8轮数据进行测试。结果表明,节能意愿是影响行为的最重要因素。价值观也是节能行为的有力预测指标。对气候变化的态度和感知到的行为控制与行为之间的关系非常微弱。
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引用次数: 2
COVID-19 Pandemic and Fertility: What to Expect in the Future? COVID-19大流行与生育:未来会发生什么?
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4621
Aušra Maslauskaitė
COVID-19 pandemic has impact on many aspects of social life. The paper discusses the potential effect of the pandemic on fertility. It is based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of the past pandemic of modern world (Spanish flu) on the fertility and potential mechanisms which will be at play in the post-COVID-19 pandemic fertility trajectory. The paper also overviews the most recent demographic fertility and family statistics, which show that fertility and marriage rates decreased in Lithuania significantly during the first year of the pandemic. The survey results from 2021 reveal that fertility intentions in the cohort 1985–89 were delayed by approximately 25%. It is concluded that fertility will be mostly affected by the way the state and society will solve the issues related to gender roles in the family, gender equality in labour market, social capital and trust, all of which had been challenged by the pandemic.
COVID-19大流行对社会生活的许多方面产生了影响。本文讨论了艾滋病大流行对生育率的潜在影响。它是基于对过去的现代世界大流行(西班牙流感)对生育率的影响以及将在covid -19大流行后的生育率轨迹中发挥作用的潜在机制的理论分析。该文件还概述了最近的人口生育率和家庭统计数据,这些数据表明,立陶宛的生育率和结婚率在大流行的第一年大幅下降。2021年的调查结果显示,1985-89年队列的生育意愿推迟了约25%。结论是,生育率将主要受到国家和社会解决与家庭中的性别角色、劳动力市场中的性别平等、社会资本和信任有关的问题的方式的影响,所有这些问题都受到大流行病的挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Issues of Definition and Potentialities of Transdisciplinary Approach in Post-non-classical Science 后非经典科学中跨学科方法的定义及其潜力问题
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i3.4493
O. Kushnir
The main task of the article is an in-depth theoretical analysis of the transdisciplinarity phenomenon. To accomplish it, we carried out a comparative analysis of the main integrative forms of modern scientific knowledge. The basic approaches to the definition of transdisciplinarity are considered. We explored two dominant areas that stand out in Western European transdisciplinary research and methodological works: ontological and methodological. The analysis of B. Nicholescu’s onto-epistemological approach led to the conclusion that, unlike particular disciplines that study specific fragments or levels of reality, a transdisciplinary strategy is an attempt to understand the dynamics of the process at several levels of reality at the same time. That is why it crosses the boundaries of specific disciplines and creates a universal picture of the process under study. The methodological framework of transdisciplinary research is outlined and its specific purpose is defined. The realization of this purpose is possible only if the respective requirements are met.
本文的主要任务是对跨学科现象进行深入的理论分析。为此,我们对现代科学知识的主要整合形式进行了比较分析。讨论了界定跨学科的基本方法。我们探讨了西欧跨学科研究和方法论工作中突出的两个主要领域:本体论和方法论。对B. Nicholescu的本体-认识论方法的分析得出这样的结论:与研究特定片段或现实层面的特定学科不同,跨学科策略是试图同时理解现实的几个层面上的过程动力学。这就是为什么它跨越了特定学科的界限,并为所研究的过程创造了一个普遍的图景。概述了跨学科研究的方法框架,明确了跨学科研究的具体目的。只有满足各自的要求,才有可能实现这一目的。
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引用次数: 0
The Phenomenon of Common Sense and the Thinking of Alfred Schutz 常识现象与阿尔弗雷德·舒茨的思想
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i3.4499
Joaquín Trujillo
This article deconstructs Alfred Schutz’s thinking to its ownmost (Wesen) meaning: the rendition of the phenomenon of common sense. It discerns the exposition of the meaning of common sense as the foundational movement (ἀρχὴ κινήσεως) that runs through the course of Schutz’s constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude. It predicates this thesis on Schutz’s elucidation of the phenomena of the life-world (Lebenswelt), typification and common sense as a single phenomenon: κοινἠ πρᾶξῐς (common praxis). The analysis includes hermeneutic-phenomenological considerations. It proposes to enhance the interpretability of Schutz’s thinking and its availability to the human sciences.
本文将把阿尔弗雷德·舒茨的思想解构到其最深层的意义上:常识现象的再现。它把对常识意义的阐述看作是贯穿于舒茨的自然态度的构成现象学过程的基础运动(ν ρχ χ κιν σεως)。它预示着这篇论文将以Schutz对生活世界现象(Lebenswelt)、类型化和常识作为单一现象的阐释:κοιν πρ ο ξ ο ς (common practice)。分析包括解释学-现象学的考虑。它建议提高舒茨思想的可解释性及其对人文科学的可用性。
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引用次数: 1
Philosophical Reflections: Cognitive, Political and Social Aspects 哲学反思:认知、政治和社会方面
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.v32i3.4490
Vytis Valatka
This article explores various interlinks and connections between philosophy and the other sciences, namely, linguistics, cognitive sciences, sociology, economy, political, ideological and human life studies. Those interlinks and connections are analysed within three methodological paradigms. The first paradigm binds cognising, defining and speaking. The second paradigm integrates assembling, self-organising and social engineering. The third one connects working, living and sensing together. According to the aforementioned paradigms, this issue is divided into three chapters. This article, in turn, delivers concise presentations of articles belonging to the above-mentioned chapters. Those presentations interlink various issues of different sciences, such as solving paradoxes of knowability, delivering reliable definitions of transdisciplinary knowledge, identifying means and mechanisms of linguistic subjectivity, proposing effective ways and procedures of self-organization of democracy, discovering relevant methods of social engineering for strengthening democratic welfare state, offering feasible scenarios of Europeanization processes, establishing balance between work, recreation and health, and identifying common sense phenomenon with social life-world.
本文探讨了哲学与语言学、认知科学、社会学、经济学、政治学、意识形态和人类生命研究等其他科学之间的各种联系和联系。在三种方法范式中分析了这些相互联系和联系。第一种范式结合了认知、定义和说话。第二种范式整合了组装、自组织和社会工程。第三个连接工作、生活和感知。根据上述范式,本文分为三章。这篇文章,反过来,提供了属于上述章节的文章的简要介绍。这些演讲将不同科学的各种问题联系在一起,如解决可知性的悖论,提供跨学科知识的可靠定义,识别语言主体性的手段和机制,提出民主自组织的有效途径和程序,发现加强民主福利国家的社会工程相关方法,提供欧化过程的可行方案,建立工作之间的平衡,娱乐与健康,将常识现象与社会生活世界联系起来。
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引用次数: 1
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Filosofija-Sociologija
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