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Sartre’s ‘Being Looked at’ and Consciousness in the Jewish Ghetto, Vilnius 萨特的《被注视》和维尔纽斯犹太人区的意识
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.5
Leonard Stone
This article explores the relationship between consciousness and the historical urban space of the former Jewish Ghetto in Vilnius, Lithuania. This relationship is investigated primarily within the existentialist school of philosophy and takes its point of departure from Sartre’s ‘gaze’ or ‘look’ from his philosophical work, Being and Nothingness. Within this existentialist schematic the ‘look’ is methodologically sub-divided into i) ‘being looked at’ and ii) the ‘look looked at’. This paper further discerns the nuances of consciousness within the field of phenomenology in terms of upsurges and decompressions when ‘being looked at’ in the Ghetto. That is, when walking its streets and ‘being seen’ by, and through the Ghetto’s windows. Subject is primarily understood as subdivided into Self, ‘I’ and ‘me’, thus rendering it as carrying a non-stable first-person perspective.
本文探讨立陶宛维尔纽斯前犹太人聚居区的意识与历史城市空间之间的关系。这种关系主要在存在主义哲学流派中进行研究,并从萨特的哲学著作《存在与虚无》中的“凝视”或“看”出发。在这个存在主义的示意图中,“看”在方法上被细分为i)“被看”和ii)“被看”。本文进一步辨别了现象学领域内意识的细微差别,即当“被注视”在贫民窟时的高涨和压抑。也就是说,当你走在街上,被贫民窟的窗户“看见”时。主体主要被理解为细分为“自我”、“我”和“我”,因此它承载着不稳定的第一人称视角。
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引用次数: 0
Epistemological Approach to Knowledge Sharing Issues at Universities in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Altruism and Social Exchange Theory Context 新冠肺炎疫情下高校知识共享问题的认识论研究:利他主义与社会交换理论背景
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.12
Tereza Michalová, K. Maršíková
Professionals and researchers in the literature widely discuss the concept of knowledge sharing. This article aims to provide a theoretical framework for knowledge sharing from the perspective of selected factors such as altruism and social exchange theory (SET) and also discusses an epistemological approach to knowledge management and knowledge sharing. The main aim of this paper is to theoretically and empirically contribute to knowledge sharing in the University context. The paper also discusses the altruism and knowledge sharing of students as individuals who may expect some recognition for sharing their tacit and explicit knowledge. Data confirm that there is often an altruistic approach among students. If they expect recognition, it is mainly on a group level. Groups of student respondents also gave a unique perspective on the influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the attitude toward sharing knowledge.
专业人士和研究人员在文献中广泛讨论了知识共享的概念。本文旨在从利他主义和社会交换理论(SET)等选择因素的角度提供知识共享的理论框架,并探讨知识管理和知识共享的认识论方法。本文的主要目的是在理论上和经验上为大学背景下的知识共享做出贡献。本文还讨论了学生作为个体的利他主义和知识共享,他们可能期望通过分享他们的隐性和显性知识来获得某种认可。数据证实,学生中往往有一种利他主义的态度。如果他们期望得到认可,那主要是在群体层面上。受访学生群体还就新冠肺炎疫情对知识分享态度的影响给出了独特的看法。
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引用次数: 1
Technology, Virtue and the Good Life: Between Production and Consumption 科技、美德与美好生活:在生产与消费之间
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.2
Egidijus Mardosas
This paper explores recent developments in the virtue ethics approach to human flourishing in technological societies. I discuss the merits of virtue ethics in a broader context of various philosophies of technology. I propose that a distinction can be made between two broad approaches to the question of the good life and technology: the production approach that focuses on the roles technologies could and do play in production for the elimination of various forms of labour and the consumption approach that focuses on the role of technology in everyday social settings and interactions outside the workplace. Finding that the virtue ethics approach currently remains almost exclusively focused on consumption, I conclude the article with a suggestion for how virtue theory can be advanced beyond consumption using the resources of the same virtue ethics tradition.
本文探讨了技术社会中人类繁荣的美德伦理学方法的最新发展。我在各种技术哲学的更广泛背景下讨论了美德伦理的优点。我认为,可以对美好生活和技术问题的两种广泛方法进行区分:生产方法侧重于技术在消除各种形式的劳动的生产中可能和确实发挥的作用,而消费方法侧重于技术在日常社会环境和工作场所以外的互动中的作用。发现美德伦理方法目前几乎完全集中在消费上,我在文章的最后提出了一个建议,即如何利用同样的美德伦理传统的资源,将美德理论推进到消费之外。
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引用次数: 0
Heidegger: German Idealism and Ecstatic Temporality 海德格尔:德国理想主义与狂喜的时间性
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.4
Nerijus Stasiulis
The article discusses the significance of Hegel’s and especially Schelling’s concepts for the formation of Heidegger’s conceptions of Being and ecstatic time. It is argued that the authors of German Idealism began to think about the Absolute in temporal and historical terms, and that this set the stage for Heidegger’s historical and temporal understanding of Being. Crucially, negativity is included in the structure of Being. The ecstatic structure of Being and time itself is shaped by Schelling’s thought on the dialectic of ground and existence.
本文论述了黑格尔尤其是谢林的概念对海德格尔的存在观和狂喜时间观形成的意义。本文认为,德国唯心主义的作者开始从时间和历史的角度思考绝对,这为海德格尔对存在的历史和时间的理解奠定了基础。至关重要的是,否定性包含在存在的结构中。谢林关于“根据”与“存在”的辩证法思想塑造了“存在”与“时间”的狂喜结构。
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引用次数: 1
Subjectivity of Discourse from the Philosophic Perspective 哲学视角下的话语主体性
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.8
Bingzhuan Peng
Language not only objectively expresses the thought of a proposition but also indicates the speaker’s emotion, attitude, and viewpoints toward a proposition, which is called subjectivity in the study. Subjectivity is one of the main topics in philosophy. However, the phenomenon of subjectivity is mainly discussed at the word, construction, or syntactic level from the perspective of linguistics. To better the characteristics of speakers as subjects in social practice activities and cognitive activities, an analytical framework of subjectivity in discourse from the perspective of philosophy was constructed to investigate subjectivity at the discourse level. Three aspects, that is, experience, mental and communicative models, were explored. The results show that (1) the constructed analytical framework clearly shows the social characteristics of subjectivity in discourse; (2) the experience model is divided into the speaker’s social and cultural experience; (3) the mental model is construed as the speaker’s mental cognition, reflected by the speaker’s mental stance and emotion; (4) the communicative model is represented by the speaker’s communicative intention and communicative practice, including appeal, command and announcement. The study provides an analytical framework to dig up the subjective nature of language and the relationship among speakers, society and discourse. This study also enriches the research on subjectivity and discourse analysis.
语言不仅客观地表达了一个命题的思想,而且还表明了说话者对这个命题的情感、态度和观点,这在研究中被称为主观性。主体性是哲学研究的主要问题之一。然而,从语言学的角度来看,主体性现象主要是在词语、结构或句法层面进行讨论。为了更好地把握说话人在社会实践活动和认知活动中的主体特征,构建了哲学视角下的话语主体性分析框架,在话语层面对主体性进行考察。从经验模式、心理模式和交际模式三个方面进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)建构的分析框架清晰地展现了话语主体性的社会特征;(2)体验模式分为说话人的社会文化体验;(3)心理模式被理解为说话人的心理认知,由说话人的心理姿态和情绪反映出来;(4)交际模式表现为说话人的交际意图和交际实践,包括呼吁、命令和公告。该研究为挖掘语言的主体性以及说话者、社会和话语之间的关系提供了一个分析框架。这一研究也丰富了主体性和语篇分析的研究。
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引用次数: 0
National Identity and Patriotic Attitudes: A Case of Lithuanian School Students 民族认同与爱国态度:以立陶宛中学生为例
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.11
Vaida Nedzinskaitė-Mitkė, Nerijus Stasiulis
This paper discusses the situation of people in the current modern nation state in terms of their relation to their own nation and state. They are situated between patriotic and economic interests, between individual rights and national interest, between empirical needs and abstract requirements. These tensions, described more elaborately in a previous article, are illustrated by the research of focus groups on the attitudes of Lithuanian school students. A majority of students was found to prefer economic and personal motivation over patriotic. Historical education based on comics was tested as a way to implement more patriotic attitudes.
本文从人与本民族、本国家的关系出发,论述了人在现代民族国家中的处境。它们处于爱国利益和经济利益之间,个人权利和国家利益之间,经验需要和抽象要求之间。前一篇文章更详细地描述了这些紧张关系,焦点小组对立陶宛学校学生态度的研究说明了这一点。调查发现,大多数学生更倾向于经济和个人动机,而不是爱国主义。以漫画为基础的历史教育作为一种实施更多爱国主义态度的方式进行了测试。
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引用次数: 1
Modern Postmodernity and Discursive Power: Part II 现代后现代与话语权力:第二部分
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.6
Algis Mickūnas
The discussion follows the logic of Western modern metaphysics (mathematical) and ontology (atomistic materialism) in order to demonstrate how scientific discourses assumed a power to construct the environment. A discourse of any discipline is constructed on the basis of its value to be applied on the material, homogeneous environment, to yield desired technical products, including genetic, chemical, electronic, physiological, etc. Thus, each discourse contains the ‘power’ to remake the environment in accordance with its rules. The result is the following: environment is a discursive construct. Such constructivism is accepted by post-modern writers who claim that all discourses are a power which determines how we understand and treat the environment.
讨论遵循西方现代形而上学(数学)和本体论(原子唯物主义)的逻辑,以证明科学话语如何具有构建环境的权力。任何学科的话语都是基于其应用于物质、同质环境的价值来构建的,以产生所需的技术产品,包括遗传、化学、电子、生理等。因此,每个话语都包含了按照其规则重塑环境的“权力”。结果如下:环境是一个话语构念。这种建构主义被后现代作家所接受,他们声称所有话语都是一种决定我们如何理解和对待环境的力量。
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引用次数: 0
(Post)tiesa ir žinojimas filosofiniu, sociologiniu ir komunikaciniu požiūriu
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.13
Edvardas Rimkus
Straipsnyje apžvelgiama mokslinė konferencija „(Post)tiesa ir žinojimas filosofiniu, sociologiniu ir komunikaciniu požiūriu“, įvykusi Lietuvos mokslų akademijoje. Kon­ ferencijoje nagrinėtos temos: tiesa ir posttiesa Rusijoje, žmogaus tapatumas medijo­ se, tiesos problema Martino Heideggerio filosofijoje, techninės posttiesos galimybės sąlygos, pedagogika (post)tiesos sąlygomis, nesutarimo etika ir diplomatija bei racio­ nalumų įvairovė, politinis veikimas posttiesos sąlygomis, politinis ethos, posttiesos apraiškos medijose ir propagandoje, sąmokslo teorijos ir posttiesos santykis, taip pat analizuota posttiesos būklė per žaidimo fenomenologijos prizmę ir kt. Straipsnyje ap­ tariamos pagrindinės konferencijos pranešėjų mintys, su kai kuriomis jų polemizuoja­ ma, apžvelgiami svarbesni diskusijų momentai.
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引用次数: 0
Semiotical and Hermeneutical Approach to Undiagnosed Rare Diseases 未确诊罕见病的符号学和解释学方法
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.9
J. Coca, J. Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. A. Roche Cárcel
Sociotype is a concept that allows a more comprehensive understanding about biosociology of undiagnosed rare diseases (URD). Sociotype is related to a genotype and a phenotype and it is an expression of the individual life world in society. In this paper, semiotic and hermeneutic analysis of papers published and selected about URD is developed. Te perspective followed in this research is aligned with the works of Barbieri and Peirce. Papers with the most social content have been selected and those with a more biomedical content have been rejected. Te semiotics analysis has been divided in genotypic, phenotypic and sociotypic, and related to the hermeneutical perspective. It has been possible to understand the basis of semiotics elements of URD. Te general conclusion is that URD is a particular sociotype with a determined set of social characteristics. Tis paper opens research on the biosemiotic and hermeneutic perspective about URD.
社会类型是一个概念,可以更全面地了解未确诊罕见病(URD)的生物社会学。社会型与基因型和表现型相关,是社会中个体生活世界的一种表达。本文从符号学和解释学的角度对已发表和已选的URD相关论文进行了分析。本研究遵循的观点与Barbieri和Peirce的作品一致。社会内容最多的论文被选中,生物医学内容较多的论文被拒绝。符号学分析分为基因型、表现型和社会型,并与解释学观点有关。已经有可能了解URD的符号学元素的基础。总的结论是,URD是一种特殊的社会类型,具有一系列确定的社会特征。本文从生物符号学和解释学的角度对URD进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphysics of Cognitive Processes in the Formation of Media Reality 媒介现实形成中的认知过程形而上学
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.7
I. Chornomordenko, Oleksandra Rubanets
The article deals with the metaphysics of cognitive processes in media reality formation. Metaphysics reveals being and nothingness. Processes and discourse practices are regarded as cognitive processes. There is a distinction between media reality, hyper reality and virtual reality. The relationship between reality and information processes is being explored. The metaphysics of media-reality influences the existence of man and society, touches upon the value foundations of being and introduces the way to transform them. The metaphysical dimension of cognitive processes opens up new forms of media reality impact on society. It is considered to be an integrative form uniting the representatives of different groups in achieving a specific goal.
本文探讨了媒介现实形成的认知过程的形而上学。形而上学揭示了存在和虚无。过程和话语实践被视为认知过程。媒体现实、超现实和虚拟现实是有区别的。人们正在探索现实与信息处理之间的关系。媒介现实的形而上学影响着人与社会的存在,触及了存在的价值基础,并介绍了存在的价值基础转化的途径。认知过程的形而上维度开辟了媒体现实对社会影响的新形式。它被认为是将不同群体的代表联合起来实现特定目标的综合形式。
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引用次数: 0
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Filosofija-Sociologija
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