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The Influence of Orthodox Christianity on Economic Behaviour 东正教对经济行为的影响
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.8
Goran Ćeranić, R. Šarović, Nataša Krivokapić
Weber’s very important theory on the influence of religion on economic behaviour was tested in the societies which belong to different cultural and religious circles. However, due to various socio-political circumstances, the testing of Weber’s theoretical-methodological framework has been largely neglected in the countries where Orthodox Christianity is dominant. However, the difficulties that arose in Orthodox societies during the post-socialist transformation, as well as the shift from the economic research paradigm to the cultural one on the global level, along with the revival of religion in Eastern Europe as one of the most important institutions of ideological and social life, contributed to the focus of our scientific interest be directed in this direction. The central questions that we tried to answer on this occasion were primarily related to the specifics of the concept of work in Orthodox Christianity and the relationship to the accumulation of capital.
韦伯关于宗教对经济行为影响的重要理论在属于不同文化和宗教界的社会中得到了检验。然而,由于各种社会政治环境,在东正教占主导地位的国家,对韦伯理论-方法框架的检验在很大程度上被忽视了。然而,东正教社会在后社会主义转型中出现的困难,以及全球范围内从经济研究范式向文化研究范式的转变,以及宗教在东欧作为意识形态和社会生活中最重要的机构之一的复兴,促使我们的科学兴趣转向这一方向。在这个场合,我们试图回答的核心问题主要与东正教中工作概念的具体内容以及与资本积累的关系有关。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive and Safe Environment for LGBTI+ in Lithuanian Universities? Reflecting Realities and Challenges 立陶宛大学为LGBTI+提供包容和安全的环境?反映现实和挑战
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.4
Milda Ališauskienė, G. Pocė, Artūras Tereškinas
This paper discusses the results of the international applied research project ‘UniDiversity – Universities Towards Diversity’ that examined what discriminatory attitudes, beliefs and behaviours based on sexual orientation, gender identity and sex characteristics (SOGISC) exist in the Lithuanian, Greek and Italian academic environment. Specifically, this paper analyses how LGBTI+ individuals conceive of different forms of discrimination in the Lithuanian academic environment. The paper fills the knowledge gap in terms of intolerance and discrimination against LGBTI+ individuals at Lithuanian higher education institutions and provides its theoretical explanation. By focusing on the empirical data collected from survey and focus group interviews, the paper interprets them within the framework of both the sociopolitical context and theoretical debates about heteronormative attitudes. The paper argues that there exists a gap between the declarative openness to LGBTI+ people within Lithuanian universities and persisting stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes towards them.
本文讨论了国际应用研究项目“UniDiversity -大学走向多样性”的结果,该项目研究了立陶宛、希腊和意大利学术环境中存在的基于性取向、性别认同和性特征(SOGISC)的歧视性态度、信仰和行为。具体而言,本文分析了LGBTI+个体如何看待立陶宛学术环境中不同形式的歧视。本文填补了立陶宛高等教育机构对LGBTI+个体的不容忍和歧视方面的知识空白,并提供了理论解释。本文通过调查和焦点小组访谈收集的实证数据,在社会政治背景和关于异规范态度的理论争论的框架内对它们进行了解释。本文认为,立陶宛大学对LGBTI+人群的公开开放与对他们的刻板印象和歧视态度之间存在差距。
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引用次数: 0
Autocephaly for the Ukrainian Church: Religious Transitions Before and After Tomos and Attitudes Towards it (the Case of the Volyn Region) 乌克兰教会的自治:托莫斯前后的宗教转型及其态度(以沃林地区为例)
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.9
S. Salnikova
The attainment of autocephaly by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine intensified the religious transitions of parishes that were preceded by individual parishioners’ switches. The highest dynamics of such transitions occurred in the Volyn Region in the north-western part of Ukraine. These transitions refer exclusively to a switch from the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine without affecting other religious communities. Most of the population supported the autocephalous status of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, for they consider granting autocephaly as a major historical event for the Ukrainian nation. The process of active religious transitions was primarily determined by the aptness of each parish community and political climate on a national level. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine was able to maintain its high regard, but with the change of political power in Ukraine in 2019, it lost political support. The process of religious transitions dwindled.
乌克兰东正教会获得独立,加剧了教区的宗教转型,在此之前,个别教区居民的转变。这种转变的最高动态发生在乌克兰西北部的沃林地区。这些转变完全是指从莫斯科宗主教区的乌克兰东正教会转变为乌克兰东正教会,而不影响其他宗教团体。大多数人支持乌克兰东正教的自治地位,因为他们认为给予自治是乌克兰民族的重大历史事件。积极的宗教转型过程主要是由每个教区社区的适应性和国家层面的政治气候决定的。乌克兰东正教能够保持其高度重视,但随着2019年乌克兰政治权力的变化,它失去了政治支持。宗教转变的过程逐渐减少。
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引用次数: 0
Factors of Intergenerational Social Mobility in Lithuania: Searches of Expert Opinion Consensus 立陶宛代际社会流动的因素:专家意见共识的搜索
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.7
Tautvydas Vencius
Social mobility is influenced by many factors. Studies show that Lithuania is among the countries with the same number of upward and downward social mobility. This shows that there is social inequality in the country, which especially affects people from the lower socio-economic strata. Considering the fact that previous studies of social mobility did not analyse the factors of this phenomenon based on the qualitative approach of data collection and analysis, this article, based on the Delphi method, seeks a consensus of views expressed by experts – the most important barriers and factors of social mobility. The results show that a family and neighbourhood environment that does not form positive social skills is one of the main obstacles to social mobility, moreover, opportunities are limited due to insufficient funding for social protection, high levels of inequality, the fragmentation of complex assistance and the lack of other social services.
社会流动性受到许多因素的影响。研究表明,立陶宛是向上和向下社会流动数量相同的国家之一。这表明这个国家存在着社会不平等,这尤其影响到社会经济阶层较低的人。考虑到以往的社会流动研究没有基于数据收集和分析的定性方法来分析这一现象的影响因素,本文基于德尔菲法,寻求专家们所表达的观点的共识——社会流动最重要的障碍和因素。结果表明,不能形成积极社会技能的家庭和社区环境是社会流动的主要障碍之一,此外,由于社会保护资金不足,高度不平等,复杂援助的碎片化以及缺乏其他社会服务,机会有限。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the Kresy Discourse in Constructing the Contemporary Identity of Poles in Lithuania 克雷斯话语在立陶宛波兰人当代身份建构中的作用
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.1
Anna Pilarczyk-Palaitis
The consequence of establishing new Polish state borders after the Second World War was the mass resettlement of citizens of the pre-war Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita) from the so-called Kresy – now newly established Lithuanian, Belarusian and Ukrainian republics of the Soviet Union – to the Polish People’s Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa). The 240,000 Poles, who left the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the post-war resettlement, were only part of a group of over 1.4 million people resettled to ‘new Poland’. With extraordinary strength, they revived the 19th century myth of the Polish Kresy – one of the most important Polish national myths – which soon became an inseparable part of the Polish national discourse and the main element of Polish identity policy towards Poles who stayed in Kresy. This article is an attempt to answer the following question: What is the meaning of and role played by Kresy myth/discourse in constructing the identity of contemporary Poles living in South-eastern Lithuania – on the territory of these mythical Polish Kresy? The article is based on a series of interviews with Poles from Lithuania and representatives of governmental and non-governmental organisations operating for the Kresy, as well as an analysis of the content of these organisations websites with a project offer addressed to Poles in Lithuania.
第二次世界大战后建立新的波兰国家边界的后果是战前波兰第二共和国(II Rzeczpospolita)的公民从所谓的Kresy - -现在新成立的苏联立陶宛、白俄罗斯和乌克兰共和国- -大规模重新安置到波兰人民共和国(Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa)。作为战后重新安置的一部分,24万波兰人离开了立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国,他们只是重新安置到“新波兰”的140多万人中的一部分。他们以非凡的力量复兴了19世纪波兰克雷斯的神话——波兰最重要的民族神话之一——这个神话很快成为波兰民族话语不可分割的一部分,也是波兰对留在克雷斯的波兰人身份认同政策的主要因素。本文试图回答以下问题:克雷斯神话/话语在建构生活在立陶宛东南部——在这些神话般的波兰克雷斯的领土上——的当代波兰人身份认同的意义和作用是什么?本文基于对来自立陶宛的波兰人、政府和非政府组织代表的一系列访谈,以及对这些组织网站内容的分析,其中包含针对立陶宛波兰人的项目报价。
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引用次数: 1
Social Exclusion on Vagrants in Modern Korean History: Disgust Behind Institutional Isolation 韩国近代史上流浪者的社会排斥:制度隔离背后的厌恶
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.3
Jaejoon Lee, Jongwoo Kim
This study analyses the affectivity of social disgust behind the oppressive exclusion of social minorities, such as the forced institutionalisation of vagrants in modern Korean society. This social exclusion of vagrants is divided into two forms: the forced institutionalisation of ‘infected vagrants’ during the Japanese occupation and the forced institutionalisation of ‘vagrants themselves’ during the developmental state. In both cases, the visible power apparatus of exclusion of minorities was socially legitimised by the effective use of disgust politics of purification and isolation. Through this analysis, this study joins the discourse on affective communities as a critical alternative to deinstitutionalisation by revealing the dynamics of the social disgust that threatens the community’s existence.
本研究分析了社会厌恶的影响背后的压迫性排斥社会少数群体,如在现代韩国社会流浪者的强制制度化。这种对流浪者的社会排斥分为两种形式:在日本占领期间对“受感染的流浪者”的强制制度化,以及在发展中国家对“流浪者本身”的强制制度化。在这两种情况下,排斥少数群体的可见权力机构通过有效使用净化和孤立的厌恶政治而在社会上合法化。通过这一分析,本研究通过揭示威胁社区存在的社会厌恶的动态,加入了关于情感社区作为去制度化的关键替代方案的论述。
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引用次数: 0
The Analysis of Time Allocation for Work and Personal Life: Case of Self-employed Persons in Lithuania 工作与生活时间分配分析——以立陶宛个体户为例
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.6
Viktorija Tauraitė
The main attention is focused on time allocation for work and personal life in this article. The research consists of four parts. The first part of this article analyses the theoretical aspects of time allocation for work and personal life. The second part of the article justifies the methodology of the research. In the third part of the article, the time allocation for work and personal life is analysed. Finally, the discussion about time allocation for work and personal life is provided. Having conducted the empirical analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The experts defined the concept of the balance between work and personal life in terms of time: the balance between work and personal life is achieved when a person feels consistency and harmony between work and personal life. In terms of time, sleep, work and personal life must be each given 8 h a day, proportionately. However, it has been empirically investigated that the most important area of time allocation for self-employed persons is work. Self-employed persons in Lithuania spent 22.5% of time a day on work, and 77.5% on personal life. Furthermore, in the end of this article, the main conclusions and possible future directions of the research are provided.
本文主要关注的是工作和个人生活的时间分配。本研究共分为四个部分。本文的第一部分分析了工作和个人生活时间分配的理论方面。文章的第二部分对研究方法进行了论证。在文章的第三部分,分析了工作和个人生活的时间分配。最后,对工作和个人生活的时间分配进行了讨论。通过实证分析,可以得出以下结论。专家们从时间的角度定义了工作和个人生活平衡的概念:当一个人感到工作和个人生活之间的一致性和和谐时,工作和个人生活就会达到平衡。在时间方面,睡眠、工作和个人生活每天必须按比例分配8小时。然而,有实证调查表明,自由职业者最重要的时间分配领域是工作。立陶宛的个体经营者每天将22.5%的时间用于工作,77.5%的时间用于个人生活。最后,对本文的主要结论和未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
What is the Satisfaction with Democracy Related to and what is the Situation in Lithuania? 与民主相关的满意度是什么?立陶宛的情况如何?
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.2.5
Ligita Sarkute
The article is based on the data of the 10th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) analysis and discusses the correlation between Lithuanian residents’ satisfaction with democracy and political participation, self-evaluation of political efficacy, social trust, trust in authorities and satisfaction with their performance, as well as sociodemographic variables. The article also analyses the dynamics of satisfaction with democracy in Lithuania, and this indicator is compared with the data of other countries that participated in the ESS. The analysis was performed with a representative sample of the Lithuanian population, and the case of Lithuania was compared with representative population samples of other countries. The method of research is statistical analysis, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient was calculated. Statistically significant correlations were identified between the satisfaction with democracy and almost all analysed variables. The strongest positive statistically significant correlations between the satisfaction with democracy in Lithuania are with the satisfaction with the government and its performance and trust in authorities.
本文基于第10轮欧洲社会调查(ESS)分析的数据,讨论了立陶宛居民对民主和政治参与的满意度、对政治效能的自我评价、社会信任、对当局的信任和对其表现的满意度以及社会人口变量之间的相关性。文章还分析了立陶宛对民主的满意度动态,并将这一指标与参与ESS的其他国家的数据进行了比较。分析是用立陶宛人口的代表性样本进行的,立陶宛的情况与其他国家的代表性人口样本进行了比较。研究方法为统计分析,计算Pearson’s r相关系数。对民主的满意度与几乎所有分析变量之间存在统计学上显著的相关性。在立陶宛,对民主的满意度与对政府的满意度及其表现和对当局的信任之间存在最显著的正相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Philosophy of Upbringing Healthy and Well-bred Generation of Kazakh Nationality 哈萨克族健康、文明的一代的教养哲学
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.10
Maira Shurshitbay, F. Kabdrakhmanova, Yermek Seitembetov, Ai̇gul Zhi̇renova
The article deals with the role, peculiarities and philosophical issues of upbringing healthy and well-bred generation in Kazakh ethnomedicine, which has been passed down from generation to generation and has not lost its importance. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the Kazakh people’s attitudes to nature, formed in connection with the natural environment, and the method of treatment based on shamanic beliefs. Philosophical concepts of nobility norms preservation of the Kazakh nation, following the tradition of exogamy in the formation of generation health, have been analysed. The doctrine of blood purity is discussed in Treatise on Healing by Uteiboydak Tleukabyluly, a scientist-healer of 15th century. Tleukabyluly considers debauchery, love relationships outside of marriage, unacceptable. He gives a reason why Kazakhs should be banned from related marriages up to the seventh generation, since, according to his observations, this leads to infertility and miscarriages or the birth of an imbecile child. The role of the mother in the healthy generation was studied in the national philosophical context.
本文论述了哈萨克族民族医学代代相传,至今仍具有重要意义,培养健康、有教养的一代的作用、特点和哲学问题。关注的是哈萨克人与自然环境形成的独特的自然态度,以及基于萨满教信仰的治疗方法。分析了沿袭异族通婚传统的哈萨克民族贵族规范维护的哲学概念在世代健康形成中的作用。15世纪的医学家Uteiboydak Tleukabyluly在《治疗论》(Treatise on Healing)中讨论了血液纯度的学说。特鲁卡明确地认为,放荡、婚外恋爱是不可接受的。他提出了一个理由,说明为什么禁止哈萨克族人在第七代以前结婚,因为根据他的观察,这会导致不孕、流产或生下低能儿童。母亲在健康一代中的作用是在民族哲学背景下研究的。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical Reflections on Technology, Politics and Communication in an Ever- changing World 在不断变化的世界中对技术、政治和传播的哲学思考
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.1.1
Salvatore Schinello
This article is an overview and introduction of the current issue of Filosofija. Sociologija, thematically divided into five chapters. The topics cover various aspects of contemporary world: from the challenges related to technology and democracy to researches on youth values and worldview. What seems to unite all these articles (in spite of their plurality of themes, views and approaches) is the idea of an ever-changing world in which philosophy is interconnected with other sciences and disciplines, in order to provide more consistent and perhaps universal interpretations to the challenges that human beings must face in the contemporary world.
这篇文章是一个概述和介绍当前的问题Filosofija。社会学,按主题分为五章。主题涵盖当代世界的各个方面:从与科技和民主有关的挑战到对青年价值观和世界观的研究。所有这些文章(尽管它们的主题、观点和方法多种多样)似乎是一个不断变化的世界的想法,在这个世界中,哲学与其他科学和学科相互联系,以便为人类在当代世界必须面对的挑战提供更一致的,也许是普遍的解释。
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引用次数: 0
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