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THE ANCIENT EPISTOLARY COLLECTION REDUX: ‘SOCRATES’ AND CICERO IN PETRARCH'S FAM. 1.1 古代书信体合集redux:“苏格拉底”和西塞罗在彼特拉克的家庭。1.1
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12086
ANN VASALY

The introductory letter of Petrarch's collection of prose epistles (Epistolae Familiares) includes a number of traditional programmatic elements, including a dedication to his close friend Ludwig Van Kempen, a narrative describing the collection's genesis, and a defence of its style and contents, rooted in the example of Cicero's letters to Atticus, Quintus, and Brutus, which Petrarch had discovered some five years earlier. In other ways, Fam. 1.1 is an absolutely unprecedented introduction to an epistolary collection — ultimately staging within the letter a kind of ‘conversion narrative’ that transforms the yet-uncompleted collection into an instantiation of the spiritual journey of its author.

彼得拉克的散文书信合集(Epistolae Familiares)的介绍信包括许多传统的程序元素,包括对他的密友路德维希·范·肯彭的献礼,描述该合集起源的叙述,以及对其风格和内容的辩护,这些都植根于西塞罗给阿提克斯、昆图斯和布鲁图斯的信件的例子,这是彼得拉克大约五年前发现的。在其他方面,Fam. 1.1绝对是一个前所未有的书信体文集的介绍-最终在信中进行一种“转换叙事”,将尚未完成的文集转变为其作者精神旅程的实例。
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引用次数: 0
SENATORIAL EPISTOLOGRAPHY FROM CICERO TO SIDONIUS: EMERGENCE OF A GENRE 从西塞罗到西多尼乌斯的元老院书信:一个体裁的出现
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12078
PETER WHITE

Although Cicero's letter collections were known and read throughout antiquity, traces of his influence on the style of later letter writers and on the organization of their epistolary collections seem to diminish steadily. What remains constant in the extant collections of Cicero, Pliny, Fronto, Symmachus, and Sidonius is the large number of correspondents represented, the preponderance of letters from the period of the writer's highest prestige, and the subject matter of the letters published, which highlights the familial and wider social connections of the writers and their political, financial, and literary interests. All five collections project the ethos and values of a senatorial class.

尽管西塞罗的书信集在整个古代都为人所知和阅读,但他对后来的书信作者的风格和他们的书信集的组织的影响的痕迹似乎在稳步减少。在现存的西塞罗、普林尼、弗朗托、西马库斯和西多尼乌斯的文集中,保持不变的是大量的通信代表,大部分来自作家最高声望时期的信件,以及出版的信件的主题,这突出了作家的家庭和更广泛的社会联系,以及他们的政治、经济和文学兴趣。这五个系列都体现了参议院阶级的精神和价值观。
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引用次数: 3
ROMAN RHETORIC AND ‘CORRESPONDENCE EDUCATION’: THE EPISTOLARY ‘VIVA VOX’ OF MARCUS CORNELIUS FRONTO 罗马修辞学与“函授教育”:马库斯·科尼利厄斯·弗朗托的书信《万岁》
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12084
NOELLE K. ZEINER-CARMICHAEL

The idealized ‘viva vox’ of face-to-face instruction, expressed by Quintilian and Seneca, offers a thematic paradigm for examining Fronto's pedagogical ‘self-lettering’. Fronto's didactic letters facilitate the long-distance rhetorical education of Marcus Aurelius, but beyond their pragmatic role, they also function symbolically to promulgate Fronto's status and intimacy with the imperial court.

昆提利安和塞内卡所表达的理想化的面对面教学“万岁”,为检验弗朗托的教学“自书写”提供了一个主题范式。弗朗托的说教信件为马可·奥勒留的远程修辞教育提供了便利,但除了它们的实用主义作用之外,它们还象征性地宣传了弗朗托的地位以及与朝廷的亲密关系。
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引用次数: 0
INDEX 指数
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12089
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引用次数: 0
SYMMACHUS' VARRO: LATIN LETTERS IN LATE ANTIQUITY 西马库斯的《古晚期的拉丁字母》
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12085
MICHELE RENEE SALZMAN

Symmachus opened his first book of letters by writing to his father Avianius, whom he depicted as a ‘new Varro’ writing learned epigrams on seven famous men in imitation of Varro's lost work, the Hebdomades. Symmachus was not alone in using Varro's work as an intertext. Based on my study of allusions to Varro and his works by late-fourth and fifth-century writers, I argue that Christian polemicists renewed their attacks on the Augustan scholar in the last decades of the fourth century. Consequently, Symmachus' choice of Varro was a forceful response in support of Roman religious as well as literary traditions in the late 380s or early 390s, the period in which I would date the dissemination of the first book of Symmachus' letters and the conceptualization of his seven-book letter collection.

西马库斯的第一本书信是写给他的父亲阿维尼乌斯的,他把他描述为“新瓦罗”,他模仿瓦罗失传的作品《周报》,写了关于七位名人的警句。西马科斯并不是唯一使用瓦罗作品作为互文的人。根据我对四世纪晚期和五世纪作家对瓦罗及其作品的典故的研究,我认为基督教辩论家在四世纪的最后几十年重新开始攻击这位奥古斯都学者。因此,西马库斯选择瓦罗是对罗马宗教和文学传统的有力回应在380年代末或390年代初,我认为西马库斯第一部书信的传播和他的七卷书信集的概念化是在这个时期。
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引用次数: 2
IN THE SHADOW OF PRAISE: EPINICIAN LOSERS AND EPINICIAN POETICS 在赞美的阴影下:经验的失败者和经验的诗学
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12068
PETER J. MILLER

While athletic competition relies on comparison (the necessary similarity of opponents, rules, conditions of victory), epinician poetry claims superlative fame and similarly singular victors. By addressing all explicit and implicit instances of losers and losing, and by paying close attention to epinician language (particularly boasts and litotes), this article deconstructs the naturalized binary of winner/loser in the poetry of Pindar and Bacchylides. Athletic competition, which is structured around similarity, problematizes the matchless fame of epinican and therefore epinician poetry, paradoxically, must work against the essential elements of the very action (i.e., sporting victory) that it purports to celebrate.

体育比赛依赖于比较(对手、规则、胜利条件的必要相似性),而专家诗歌则主张最高的声誉和同样独特的胜利者。通过处理所有显性和隐性的失败者和失败者的实例,并通过密切关注专家语言(特别是自夸和litotes),本文解构了品达和巴基利德斯诗歌中自然化的赢家/输家二元。围绕着相似性构建的体育竞赛,质疑了享乐主义者无与伦比的名声,因此享乐主义者的诗歌,矛盾的是,必须与它声称要庆祝的行动(即体育胜利)的基本要素相违背。
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引用次数: 3
CLASS TENSIONS IN THE GAMES OF HOMER: EPEIUS, EURYALUS, ODYSSEUS, AND IROS 荷马游戏中的阶级紧张关系:埃庇俄斯、欧律亚罗斯、奥德修斯和伊罗斯
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12067
THOMAS F. SCANLON

Three contest scenes in Homer reveal a thematic concern with class tension: the two contests with Epeius in Iliad 23, Odysseus's encounter with Euryalus in Odyssey 8, and Odysseus's boxing match with Iros in Odyssey 18. Epeius is a comic scapegoat who succeeds in challenging the elite Euryalus, boasts ineptly, and is later ridiculed. Odysseus in Odyssey 8 is also challenged by a (different) nobleman named Euryalus, whom Odysseus rebukes, saying that a man cannot be skilled in all things and that one ought not judge by appearances. The ‘skilled man’ phrase found both in the Epeius episode and in that with Odysseus (Il. 23.670–71; Od. 8. 59–60), highlights the intertextuality and focuses on the theme of merit over appearances. Finally the Iros–Odysseus boxing match parodies and parallels the above epic-challenge scenes. Each episode fosters consideration of the essential ambiguity of class relations in the period of transition to the polis c. 700 bce.

《荷马史诗》中的三个比赛场景揭示了对阶级紧张的主题关注:《伊利亚特》第23章中与埃庇俄斯的两场比赛,《奥德赛》第8章中奥德修斯与欧律亚罗斯的相遇,以及《奥德赛》第18章中奥德修斯与艾洛斯的拳击比赛。埃庇尤是一个滑稽的替罪羊,他成功地挑战了精英欧律亚罗斯,拙劣地吹嘘,后来被嘲笑。在《奥德赛》第8章中,奥德修斯也受到了另一位贵族欧律亚罗斯的挑战。奥德修斯斥责欧律亚罗斯说,一个人不可能精通所有的事情,不应该以貌取胜。“熟练的人”这个短语既出现在埃庇俄斯的故事中,也出现在奥德修斯的故事中(Il. 23.670-71;Od。8。59-60页),强调了互文性,并着重于价值高于表象的主题。最后,艾洛斯-奥德修斯的拳击比赛模仿并类比了上述史诗般的挑战场景。每个章节都促进了对公元前700年向城邦过渡时期阶级关系本质上的模糊性的思考。
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引用次数: 2
ARMORUM STUDIUM: GLADIATORIAL TRAINING AND THE GLADIATORIAL LUDUS 兵工厂:角斗士训练和角斗士训练场
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12074
MICHAEL CARTER

In his Apologia (98.7), written about ad 158, Apuleius laments the fact that his former ward, the noble young Sicinius Pudens, has been allowed to abandon his studies and is instead spending his time in taverns and with prostitutes and, worst of all, has become a frequent visitor at the local gladiatorial school. Pudens has come to know all the gladiators’ names, their ‘fights and wounds’, and has even started receiving instruction from the lanista himself. In this paper, I investigate the possible reasons why aristocratic Roman youth (iuvenes) might have sought weapons-training and the means by which these young men could have accessed such training in connection with a gladiatorial ludus. The investigation additionally considers the organization of gladiators and their trainers in the ludus.

在他写于公元158年的《辩解》(98.7)中,阿普里乌斯哀叹他以前的监护人,年轻高贵的西尼纽斯·普丁斯,被允许放弃学业,转而在酒馆和妓女中消磨时间,最糟糕的是,他成了当地角斗士学校的常客。普丁斯已经知道了所有角斗士的名字,他们的“战斗和伤口”,甚至开始接受角斗士本人的指导。在本文中,我调查了罗马贵族青年(iuvenes)可能寻求武器训练的可能原因,以及这些年轻人可以通过与角斗士训练场有关的方式获得这种训练。调查还考虑了角斗士及其训练场教练的组织。
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引用次数: 3
ATHLETICS, MEMORY, AND COMMUNITY IN HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN MESSENE 希腊与罗马messene中的竞技、记忆与社群
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12070
ZINON PAPAKONSTANTINOU

Recent excavations in the site of Messene have unveiled numerous inscriptions from the Hellenistic and Roman imperial periods that significantly increase our understanding of the agonistic life of the city. By utilizing this new set of evidence in this paper I examine patterns of athletic competition by Messenian athletes in panhellenic and local contests. Moreover, I explore victory commemoration practices in the urban landscape of Messene as a means to comprehend how the community acted out, in an institutionalized manner, its collective memory, identity, and historical consciousness.

最近在梅塞尼遗址的发掘中发现了许多希腊化和罗马帝国时期的铭文,这些铭文大大增加了我们对这座城市艰苦生活的了解。通过利用这一新的证据,我在论文中考察了迈塞尼亚运动员在泛希腊和地方比赛中的竞技模式。此外,我探索了梅塞尼城市景观中的胜利纪念实践,作为一种理解社区如何以制度化的方式表现其集体记忆、身份和历史意识的手段。
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引用次数: 0
GAMES, CONTESTS, AND THE IDEA OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY IN EARLY GREEK AND ROMAN CHILDHOOD 早期希腊和罗马儿童时期的游戏、竞赛和竞争的观念
IF 0.1 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/2041-5370.12073
INGOMAR WEILER

This contribution discusses some topics concerning the physical activities of young children in ancient Greek society, especially games and contests. In Greek terminology and in general language use, these children are denoted as bréphos, paidíon or paidískē and paidískos. Paidíon is a term for a young child generally less than seven years and paīs for the age of seven up to fourteen years. Several Greek and Roman authors inform us about the games, contests, and the educational program for this age-category (i.e., before boys go to the gymnasium). The following texts discuss some examples of games and physical exercise in early childhood: Plato, Protagoras 325c–326c, Leges 794c–808c; Ps.-Plato, Axiochus 366–7; Aeschines, Kata Timarchou 9–12; Aristotle, Politika 1336a9–15 and 8.1338b40–1339a7; Horatius Flaccus, Ars Poetica 409–14; Quintilian, Institutio oratoria 1.1.20; Plutarch, Lycurgus 14; Pausanias 5.16.2; Flavius Philostratos, Peri gymnastikes 25, 28 and Vitae sophistarum 1.21.

这篇文章讨论了一些关于古希腊社会幼儿体育活动的话题,特别是游戏和竞赛。在希腊语术语和一般语言使用中,这些孩子被表示为brsamos, paidíon或paidískē和paidískos。Paidíon是一个通常小于7岁的儿童的术语,而paj . s是指7岁到14岁的儿童。几位希腊和罗马作家告诉我们这个年龄段的游戏、比赛和教育计划(即男孩去体育馆之前)。以下文本讨论了一些儿童早期游戏和体育锻炼的例子:柏拉图,普罗泰戈拉325c-326c, Leges 794c-808c;附言——柏拉图,《阿克索克斯》366-7;中国机械工业,卡塔Timarchou 9-12;亚里士多德,政治1336a9-15和8.1338b40-1339a7;贺雷修斯·弗拉库斯,《诗学》409-14;Quintilian, Institutio 1.1.20;普鲁塔克,莱库尔格斯14;包萨尼亚5.16.2;Flavius Philostratos, Peri gymtikes 25,28和Vitae sophistarum 1.21。
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引用次数: 1
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BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
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