Soo-Hyun Park, Yerim Kim, Yeojin Kim, J. Bae, Ju-Hun Lee, Wook-Sung Kim, Hong-Ki Song
Neurocritical patients who can self-report pain use the 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS, verbal or visual form). However, critically ill patients whose nervous systems cannot express pain use the behavioral pain scale (BPS) and the critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) behavioral pain assessment tools. These tools reveal pain-related changes in movement, facial expression, posture, and physiological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. In pain control, it is first essential to reduce unnecessary painkillers through non-drug therapy and maximize the effect of the administered analgesics. For nonneuropathic pain, narcotic analgesics such as fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, and remifentanil are administered intravenously. Gabapentin, pregabalin, and carbamazepine are recommended along with narcotic analgesics for neuropathic pain control. In addition, nonnarcotic analgesics for multi-modal analgesia are used to reduce the use of narcotic analgesics or the side effects of narcotic analgesics. In the intensive care unit (ICU), the sedation-agitation scale (SAS) and the Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) are used to determine the depth of sedation to be maintained during shallow or deep sedation, considering the condition of the critically ill patient. When selecting sedatives for critically ill patients, preferentially consider nonbenzodiazepines such as propofol or dexmedetomidine rather than benzodiazepines such as midazolam or lorazepam. In addition, patients use painkillers or sedatives for over a week, and neurological changes or physiological dependence may occur. Therefore, clinicians should evaluate the critically ill patient’s condition, and sedatives and painkillers should be reduced or discontinued.
能够自我报告疼痛的神经危重症患者使用0-10数值评定量表(NRS，口头或视觉形式)。而神经系统不能表达疼痛的危重患者则使用行为疼痛量表(behavioral pain scale, BPS)和重症疼痛观察工具(critical care pain observation tool, CPOT)行为疼痛评估工具。这些工具揭示了运动、面部表情、姿势以及心率、血压和呼吸频率等生理指标与疼痛相关的变化。在疼痛控制中，首先必须通过非药物治疗减少不必要的止痛药，并最大限度地发挥镇痛药的作用。对于非神经性疼痛，麻醉性镇痛药如芬太尼、氢吗啡酮、吗啡和瑞芬太尼可静脉注射。加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林和卡马西平建议与麻醉性镇痛药一起用于神经性疼痛控制。此外，采用非麻醉性镇痛药进行多模态镇痛，以减少麻醉性镇痛药的使用或麻醉性镇痛药的副作用。在重症监护室(ICU)，考虑到危重患者的情况，采用镇静-躁动量表(SAS)和Richmond躁动-镇静量表(RASS)来确定浅镇静或深镇静期间维持的镇静深度。在为危重病人选择镇静剂时，优先考虑非苯二氮卓类药物，如异丙酚或右美托咪定，而不是苯二氮卓类药物，如咪达唑仑或劳拉西泮。此外，患者使用止痛药或镇静剂超过一周，可能出现神经变化或生理依赖。因此，临床医生应评估危重患者的病情，并应减少或停用镇静剂和止痛药。
{"title":"Pain Control and Sedation in Neuro Intensive Critical Unit","authors":"Soo-Hyun Park, Yerim Kim, Yeojin Kim, J. Bae, Ju-Hun Lee, Wook-Sung Kim, Hong-Ki Song","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Neurocritical patients who can self-report pain use the 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS, verbal or visual form). However, critically ill patients whose nervous systems cannot express pain use the behavioral pain scale (BPS) and the critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) behavioral pain assessment tools. These tools reveal pain-related changes in movement, facial expression, posture, and physiological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. In pain control, it is first essential to reduce unnecessary painkillers through non-drug therapy and maximize the effect of the administered analgesics. For nonneuropathic pain, narcotic analgesics such as fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, and remifentanil are administered intravenously. Gabapentin, pregabalin, and carbamazepine are recommended along with narcotic analgesics for neuropathic pain control. In addition, nonnarcotic analgesics for multi-modal analgesia are used to reduce the use of narcotic analgesics or the side effects of narcotic analgesics. In the intensive care unit (ICU), the sedation-agitation scale (SAS) and the Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) are used to determine the depth of sedation to be maintained during shallow or deep sedation, considering the condition of the critically ill patient. When selecting sedatives for critically ill patients, preferentially consider nonbenzodiazepines such as propofol or dexmedetomidine rather than benzodiazepines such as midazolam or lorazepam. In addition, patients use painkillers or sedatives for over a week, and neurological changes or physiological dependence may occur. Therefore, clinicians should evaluate the critically ill patient’s condition, and sedatives and painkillers should be reduced or discontinued.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An independent medical examination (IME) is a medical evaluation performed by a medical professional on a patient who was not previously involved in the treatment of that patient, to evaluate the patient’s course of prior treatment and current condition. IMEs are conducted by doctors, psychologists, and other licensed healthcare professionals in essentially all medical disciplines, depending on the purpose of the exam and the claimed injuries. Such examinations are generally conducted in the context of a legal or administrative proceeding, at the request of the party opposing the patient’s request for benefits. Conducting an independent medical examination does not establish a typical doctor-patient relationship as exists when a clinician treats a patient. Thus, a “limited doctor-patient relationship” exists when conducting independent medical examinations.
{"title":"What Is an Independent Medical Examination?","authors":"D. Jeong","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"An independent medical examination (IME) is a medical evaluation performed by a medical professional on a patient who was not previously involved in the treatment of that patient, to evaluate the patient’s course of prior treatment and current condition. IMEs are conducted by doctors, psychologists, and other licensed healthcare professionals in essentially all medical disciplines, depending on the purpose of the exam and the claimed injuries. Such examinations are generally conducted in the context of a legal or administrative proceeding, at the request of the party opposing the patient’s request for benefits. Conducting an independent medical examination does not establish a typical doctor-patient relationship as exists when a clinician treats a patient. Thus, a “limited doctor-patient relationship” exists when conducting independent medical examinations.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134100886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Kyu Na, Y. Sun, Sangwon Joe, Chung-Seok Lee, Seok-joo Kim, Yunjung Choi, Haram Joo, Deog Young Kim, H. Nam
A 35-year-old male presented with atypical aphasia following left anterior choroidal artery infarction associated with distal internal carotid artery dissection. He presented with 1) lexical-semantic deficit without semantic impairment, 2) frequent surface errors (both surface dyslexia and dysgraphia), and 3) intact non-word reading/repetition (preserved sub-lexical route), suggesting deficit in the phonological output lexicon. Diffusion-tensor tractography analysis revealed disruption in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, which might serve as potential subcortical neural correlates for phonological output lexicon.
{"title":"Lexical-semantic Deficit without Semantic Impairment in a Patient with Left Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction: Neural Correlates Based on Diffusion-tensor Tractography","authors":"Han Kyu Na, Y. Sun, Sangwon Joe, Chung-Seok Lee, Seok-joo Kim, Yunjung Choi, Haram Joo, Deog Young Kim, H. Nam","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"A 35-year-old male presented with atypical aphasia following left anterior choroidal artery infarction associated with distal internal carotid artery dissection. He presented with 1) lexical-semantic deficit without semantic impairment, 2) frequent surface errors (both surface dyslexia and dysgraphia), and 3) intact non-word reading/repetition (preserved sub-lexical route), suggesting deficit in the phonological output lexicon. Diffusion-tensor tractography analysis revealed disruption in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, which might serve as potential subcortical neural correlates for phonological output lexicon.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that can cause sinus tachycardia, hypotension, coma, etc. with overdose, and rarely convulsions, rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome usually occurs in association with hypertension, but can occur rarely in rhabdomyolysis accompanied by acute kidney injury and arginine vasopressin axis hyperstimulation. We report the experience of a patient hospitalized with a quetiapine overdose who developed drug-induced rhabdomyolysis and reversible encephalopathy without hypertension after acute renal injury.
{"title":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy after Quetiapine Overdose","authors":"M. Kim, J. Jeon, Man Gyeong Han, D. Shin","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that can cause sinus tachycardia, hypotension, coma, etc. with overdose, and rarely convulsions, rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome usually occurs in association with hypertension, but can occur rarely in rhabdomyolysis accompanied by acute kidney injury and arginine vasopressin axis hyperstimulation. We report the experience of a patient hospitalized with a quetiapine overdose who developed drug-induced rhabdomyolysis and reversible encephalopathy without hypertension after acute renal injury.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130357098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Received May 22, 2023 Revised June 13, 2023 Accepted June 13, 2023 이상운동 질환의 현상학(phenomenology)은 운동과다(hyperkinesia)와 운동 과소(hypokinesia)를 나누는 것으로부터 출발한다. 운동과소의 대표적인 것은 운 동완만(bradykinesia)으로, 이는 파킨슨증(Parkinsonism)의 핵심 증상이기도 하다. 운동과다는 운동과소보다 더 많은 표현형이 있어 모두 기억하기는 쉽지 않게 느껴진다. 하지만 대표적인 다섯 개의 표현형을 기억한다면 거의 대부분의 운동과 다 증상을 설명할 수 있다. 운동과다의 대표적인 표현형인 근긴장이상증(dystonia), 무도증(chorea), 실조 증(ataxia), 근간대경련(myoclonus), 떨림(tremor)의 앞 글자만 따면 “Dys-ChoAt-My-Trem”이라는 말로 축약할 수 있다. 다음 그림을 보면 “이상하게 열차에서 춤추고 있는 장면”, 즉 “디스-코-앳-마이-트렘”이므로 이상운동 질환 중에 운동과다 의 대표적인 현상학을 기억하기 위해 활용되기 좋다(Fig.). 물론 각각의 정의는 익숙 해지도록 숙지해야 한다.
Received May 22、2023 Revised June 13、2023 Accepted June 13、2023以上运动疾病的现态学(phenomenology)从区分运动过多(hyperkinesia)和运动过少(hypokinesia)开始。运动过少的代表性症状是运动完万(bradykinesia)，这也是帕金森症(Parkinsonism)的核心症状。运动过多比运动过少有更多的表现型，所以很难全部记住。但是如果记住5个代表性的表现型，几乎可以说明大部分的运动和多症状。只要取运动过多的代表性表现型肌紧张异常症(dystonia)、无道症(chorea)、失调症(ataxia)、肌大痉挛(myoclonus)、抖动(tremor)的前一个字，就可以用“Dys-ChoAt-My-Trem”来简称。在下面的图片中，“奇怪地在列车上跳舞的场面”，即“disco - at - my - trem”，很好地用于记住异常运动疾病中运动过多的代表性现象学(Fig.)。当然，每个定义都要熟悉。
{"title":"Mnemonics for Key Phenomenology of Hyperkinetic Disorders","authors":"Woong-Woo Lee","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Received May 22, 2023 Revised June 13, 2023 Accepted June 13, 2023 이상운동 질환의 현상학(phenomenology)은 운동과다(hyperkinesia)와 운동 과소(hypokinesia)를 나누는 것으로부터 출발한다. 운동과소의 대표적인 것은 운 동완만(bradykinesia)으로, 이는 파킨슨증(Parkinsonism)의 핵심 증상이기도 하다. 운동과다는 운동과소보다 더 많은 표현형이 있어 모두 기억하기는 쉽지 않게 느껴진다. 하지만 대표적인 다섯 개의 표현형을 기억한다면 거의 대부분의 운동과 다 증상을 설명할 수 있다. 운동과다의 대표적인 표현형인 근긴장이상증(dystonia), 무도증(chorea), 실조 증(ataxia), 근간대경련(myoclonus), 떨림(tremor)의 앞 글자만 따면 “Dys-ChoAt-My-Trem”이라는 말로 축약할 수 있다. 다음 그림을 보면 “이상하게 열차에서 춤추고 있는 장면”, 즉 “디스-코-앳-마이-트렘”이므로 이상운동 질환 중에 운동과다 의 대표적인 현상학을 기억하기 위해 활용되기 좋다(Fig.). 물론 각각의 정의는 익숙 해지도록 숙지해야 한다.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117024957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dae Wang Jeong, Dasom Yoon, Jeong Kyu Lee, Kyoung Mi Lee, Y. Suh, Y. Jung
Carbon monoxide poisoning is common cause of fatal intoxication. When carbon monoxide is absorbed into the blood, it interferes with the oxygen supply to the cells, causing damage to tissues and organs. Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) manifested by cognitive dysfunction, motor disorder, micturition disorder are widely known complication of carbon monoxide intoxication. But neuromuscular complication is a rare DNS of carbon monoxide intoxication. We herein report a 42-year-old patient with multifocal neuropathies, rhabdomyolysis, and dermal change due to carbon monoxide intoxication.
{"title":"Multifocal Peripheral Neuropathies, Rhabdomyolysis, and Dermal Change in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication","authors":"Dae Wang Jeong, Dasom Yoon, Jeong Kyu Lee, Kyoung Mi Lee, Y. Suh, Y. Jung","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon monoxide poisoning is common cause of fatal intoxication. When carbon monoxide is absorbed into the blood, it interferes with the oxygen supply to the cells, causing damage to tissues and organs. Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) manifested by cognitive dysfunction, motor disorder, micturition disorder are widely known complication of carbon monoxide intoxication. But neuromuscular complication is a rare DNS of carbon monoxide intoxication. We herein report a 42-year-old patient with multifocal neuropathies, rhabdomyolysis, and dermal change due to carbon monoxide intoxication.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114259496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyung Ki Kim, Jae Young Bae, J. Lim, J. Seok, Jongkyu Park
Perrault syndrome 5 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing loss and ovarian dysgenesis in females with diversity of neurologic deficits due to variants of twinkle mtDNA helicase (TWNK) gene. Since neurologic deficits develop gradually, patient is often misdiagnosed with other neurological disease during early age. Herein, we report a case of genetically diagnosed Perrault syndrome 5.
{"title":"TWNK Gene Associated Perrault Syndrome Patient with Neurological Features","authors":"Hyung Ki Kim, Jae Young Bae, J. Lim, J. Seok, Jongkyu Park","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Perrault syndrome 5 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing loss and ovarian dysgenesis in females with diversity of neurologic deficits due to variants of twinkle mtDNA helicase (TWNK) gene. Since neurologic deficits develop gradually, patient is often misdiagnosed with other neurological disease during early age. Herein, we report a case of genetically diagnosed Perrault syndrome 5.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124909782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variety of software solutions are being used for clinical use. This special contribution focuses on the personal experience of developing several software solutions concerning stroke. Stroke119 application was developed to inform the patient of the closest hospital available for thrombolytic therapy and provides a simple three-step self-test for detection of acute stroke. A multi-center web-based registry solution named SMART DB was developed to facilitate multi-center studies. Over 650,000 records were created by 25 centers in SMART DB. An artificial intelligence-based web solution for prediction of coronary artery disease in stroke patients was developed named S2CAD. A clinical decision support platform for thrombi acquired from endovascular thrombectomy named ARIA Cloud was developed. Software for stroke is actively being developed in Korea. Software solutions are expected to increase efficiency by providing clinical decision support in the near future.
{"title":"Development of Software Solutions for Stroke: A Personal Experience","authors":"Joonnyung Heo","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Variety of software solutions are being used for clinical use. This special contribution focuses on the personal experience of developing several software solutions concerning stroke. Stroke119 application was developed to inform the patient of the closest hospital available for thrombolytic therapy and provides a simple three-step self-test for detection of acute stroke. A multi-center web-based registry solution named SMART DB was developed to facilitate multi-center studies. Over 650,000 records were created by 25 centers in SMART DB. An artificial intelligence-based web solution for prediction of coronary artery disease in stroke patients was developed named S2CAD. A clinical decision support platform for thrombi acquired from endovascular thrombectomy named ARIA Cloud was developed. Software for stroke is actively being developed in Korea. Software solutions are expected to increase efficiency by providing clinical decision support in the near future.","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muscle Biopsy","authors":"Jin-Hong Shin, Sang Jun Park, Dae-Seong Kim","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss due to Basilar Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque without Diffusion Restriction","authors":"Nak-In Kim, Young Seo Kim","doi":"10.17340/jkna.2023.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":437080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Neurological Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121923019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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