Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11
F. Arslan, Kudret Tahsin Perek, C. Arslan, Ilyas Emir Cuhadar, A. Altun
{"title":"Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones","authors":"F. Arslan, Kudret Tahsin Perek, C. Arslan, Ilyas Emir Cuhadar, A. Altun","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90674096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of MgO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Fluidity of SFCA-Based Binder Phase","authors":"Yinhe Lin, Xiangkui Cheng, Xuefeng Shi, Chunlei Pu, Ye Tian, Guoliang Yin, Hao Yu, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220701.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90988088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1993697
M. Peterson
ABSTRACT Microindentation testing was undertaken on sinter phases in iron ore sinter to determine the range and mean of phase/morphology microhardness. The mean fracture toughness of each sinter phase/texture was calculated from indent-associated radial cracks. A value for the composite microhardness (CH) and composite fracture toughness (CFT) was calculated for each sinter sample, based upon the modal proportion of constituent sinter phases. The CH and CFT of sinter phases and each sinter sample was compared to a range of metallurgical indices and major element chemistry to determine the extent of any correlation. Moderate to strong negative correlations were observed between sinter CH and sinter Tumble Index, Reduction Degradation Index and Reducibility Index and between sinter CFT and Tumble Index, Reduction Degradation Index and Reducibility Index. The microindentation technique has the potential to be further developed to routinely characterise and predict the metallurgical performance of sinter.
{"title":"Quantifying the composite microhardness and fracture toughness of iron ore sinter – a phase-based approach","authors":"M. Peterson","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1993697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1993697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microindentation testing was undertaken on sinter phases in iron ore sinter to determine the range and mean of phase/morphology microhardness. The mean fracture toughness of each sinter phase/texture was calculated from indent-associated radial cracks. A value for the composite microhardness (CH) and composite fracture toughness (CFT) was calculated for each sinter sample, based upon the modal proportion of constituent sinter phases. The CH and CFT of sinter phases and each sinter sample was compared to a range of metallurgical indices and major element chemistry to determine the extent of any correlation. Moderate to strong negative correlations were observed between sinter CH and sinter Tumble Index, Reduction Degradation Index and Reducibility Index and between sinter CFT and Tumble Index, Reduction Degradation Index and Reducibility Index. The microindentation technique has the potential to be further developed to routinely characterise and predict the metallurgical performance of sinter.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"307 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1993696
F. Safizadeh, Mohsen Yaghoubi, G. Houlachi, H. Alamdari
ABSTRACT The optimum conditions for manganese dioxide (MnO2) removal were investigated in two simulated conditions, purification and electrowinning, using a Pb-0.7 wt.% Ag electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry and Cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted to study the effect of temperature and concentrations. SEM-EDS and XRD were employed to study the surface characterisations and chemical compositions. The results revealed that the electrowinning operating conditions are more appropriate than the purification conditions for MnO2 removal. The highest current efficiency of manganese removal was 21% which was obtained in the EW electrolyte at 125 A m−2 at 40°C after 2 h of electrolysis. The Current Efficiency was increased significantly at lower Mn ion concentrations (0.1–1.0 g L−1) while it stayed constant beyond the concentration of 1.0 g L−1. The results showed that an increase in temperature depolarised the oxygen evolution reaction and the addition of Mn2+ suppressed formation of PbO2 on anode surface.
摘要采用Pb-0.7wt.%Ag电极，在净化和电积两个模拟条件下，研究了去除二氧化锰的最佳条件。通过线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究了温度和浓度的影响。采用SEM-EDS和XRD对其表面性质和化学成分进行了研究。结果表明，电积操作条件比净化条件更适合去除MnO2。在40°C、125 A m−2的EW电解液中，2 电解h。电流效率在较低的Mn离子浓度（0.1–1.0 g L−1），而它在浓度超过1.0时保持不变 g L−1。结果表明，温度的升高使析氧反应去极化，Mn2+的加入抑制了PbO2在阳极表面的形成。
{"title":"Manganese removal from zinc sulfate electrolyte by electro-oxidation using Pb-Ag anode","authors":"F. Safizadeh, Mohsen Yaghoubi, G. Houlachi, H. Alamdari","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1993696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1993696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The optimum conditions for manganese dioxide (MnO2) removal were investigated in two simulated conditions, purification and electrowinning, using a Pb-0.7 wt.% Ag electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry and Cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted to study the effect of temperature and concentrations. SEM-EDS and XRD were employed to study the surface characterisations and chemical compositions. The results revealed that the electrowinning operating conditions are more appropriate than the purification conditions for MnO2 removal. The highest current efficiency of manganese removal was 21% which was obtained in the EW electrolyte at 125 A m−2 at 40°C after 2 h of electrolysis. The Current Efficiency was increased significantly at lower Mn ion concentrations (0.1–1.0 g L−1) while it stayed constant beyond the concentration of 1.0 g L−1. The results showed that an increase in temperature depolarised the oxygen evolution reaction and the addition of Mn2+ suppressed formation of PbO2 on anode surface.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"291 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49554093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1984828
T. Thorat, Viswanathan N. Nurni, M. Basavaraja, M. Singhai, S. Hazra, Amit Mogale
ABSTRACT Straight grate furnaces are widely used for induration of hematite pellets where typically 1%–2% carbon is added to the green mix to help in generating heat by combustion. The quality of the pellets in such reactor varies from top to bottom of the bed as different layers of pellets are exposed to varying thermal and gaseous environments. The thermal evolution (as a function of time) at a specific location in a moving pallet car was studied through plant scale experiments. Subsequently, these experimental temperature measurements were supplemented with a 1-D heat transfer model of the pellet bed. It was observed, from simulation results, that peak temperature faced by the pellets in top layer and bottom layer of the pellet bed differed by 105°C. The effect of bed height and grate velocity on the pellet bed thermal profile was studied using the model. With increase in production rate through increase in grate velocity and bed height, this difference further intensified. These findings can provide insight to plant operator to optimise production rate.
{"title":"Modelling of heat transfer in a straight grate pellet induration reactor complemented with plant scale experiments","authors":"T. Thorat, Viswanathan N. Nurni, M. Basavaraja, M. Singhai, S. Hazra, Amit Mogale","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1984828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1984828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Straight grate furnaces are widely used for induration of hematite pellets where typically 1%–2% carbon is added to the green mix to help in generating heat by combustion. The quality of the pellets in such reactor varies from top to bottom of the bed as different layers of pellets are exposed to varying thermal and gaseous environments. The thermal evolution (as a function of time) at a specific location in a moving pallet car was studied through plant scale experiments. Subsequently, these experimental temperature measurements were supplemented with a 1-D heat transfer model of the pellet bed. It was observed, from simulation results, that peak temperature faced by the pellets in top layer and bottom layer of the pellet bed differed by 105°C. The effect of bed height and grate velocity on the pellet bed thermal profile was studied using the model. With increase in production rate through increase in grate velocity and bed height, this difference further intensified. These findings can provide insight to plant operator to optimise production rate.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"283 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1995997
M. Reuter
{"title":"Process principles in minerals and materials production – with a focus on metal production and recycling (4th ed.)","authors":"M. Reuter","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1995997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1995997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"130 1","pages":"433 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1974798
Yuhua Pan, M. Somerville, D. Langberg
ABSTRACT Top Submerged Lance (TSL) furnaces used for non-ferrous smelting have high heat and mass transfer rates due to the intensive stirring and splashing generated by the lance. While splashing can cause accretion build-up in the upper cooler regions of the furnace, it plays an important role in heat and mass transfer and needs to be controlled to minimise accretion formations while maximising furnace productivity. In this work, splashing was studied by measuring the splash flux from a molten slag bath in a 300 kg pilot-scale TSL furnace and also from an ambient temperature aqueous-glycerol solution bath in a physical model. In both systems, total injection gas flowrate, lance immersion depth and splash height were examined to determine their effects on the splash flux. An empirical correlation was developed based on the results of the aqueous-glycerol physical model using the methodology of dimensional analysis. This correlation was then used to predict the splash for high temperature smelting conditions. Comparison of the predictions with both hot and cold experimental measurements showed the same variation trends and the predicted values were within an acceptable range, particularly in splash heights within 1 m above the bath surface and at medium to high gas flowrates with lance immersion depths being 1/6–1/3 of the bath height. It is concluded that the correlation can be potentially applied to predict splashing behaviour in TSL furnaces.
{"title":"Measurement and physical model prediction on splash fluxes in a pilot TSL bath smelting furnace","authors":"Yuhua Pan, M. Somerville, D. Langberg","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1974798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1974798","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Top Submerged Lance (TSL) furnaces used for non-ferrous smelting have high heat and mass transfer rates due to the intensive stirring and splashing generated by the lance. While splashing can cause accretion build-up in the upper cooler regions of the furnace, it plays an important role in heat and mass transfer and needs to be controlled to minimise accretion formations while maximising furnace productivity. In this work, splashing was studied by measuring the splash flux from a molten slag bath in a 300 kg pilot-scale TSL furnace and also from an ambient temperature aqueous-glycerol solution bath in a physical model. In both systems, total injection gas flowrate, lance immersion depth and splash height were examined to determine their effects on the splash flux. An empirical correlation was developed based on the results of the aqueous-glycerol physical model using the methodology of dimensional analysis. This correlation was then used to predict the splash for high temperature smelting conditions. Comparison of the predictions with both hot and cold experimental measurements showed the same variation trends and the predicted values were within an acceptable range, particularly in splash heights within 1 m above the bath surface and at medium to high gas flowrates with lance immersion depths being 1/6–1/3 of the bath height. It is concluded that the correlation can be potentially applied to predict splashing behaviour in TSL furnaces.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"271 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46858490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210603.13
Issiagha Camara, Jiang Deyi, O. Barry, F. Caille
Mining conflicts are among the most widespread issues linked to natural resources development and management in mineral-rich countries. Guinea mining industries development presents a huge challenge in promoting integrated, prosperous, peaceful, and sustainable mining. The scramble of companies to exploit bauxite in the Boke region is correlated with a wave of protests and violent conflicts. This article explores the reasons for the resurgence of conflicts in the Guinea Republic, proposes some strategies for better mining conflicts prevention, management in Boke region. Thus, through a survey carried out in 7 Municipalities of the region and other mining localities of the country, we use a quantitative approach through descriptive statistic elements to identify the causes of the outburst of the conflict in Boke which seriously hinders the climate of socioeconomic activities for local development. The outcomes of this study reveal that youth employment, water and electricity supply, the weakness in the management of compensation mechanism are the main reasons for conflict escalation in Boke. Although, solutions proposed by the state and some NGOs appear to be hopeful. However, better management of public services and good governance based on more innovative public-private partnerships, and changes in government policy to better benefit the local communities could solve these problems holistically. The implementation of a better strategy (approach) in the management of relations with the surrounding communities by considering the depths and the sociohistorical, cultural, economic characteristics of the region would guarantee an environment of peaceful cohabitation between the local communities and the companies.
{"title":"Bauxite Mining Conflicts in Guinea: Causes Identification, Analysis, and Countermeasures","authors":"Issiagha Camara, Jiang Deyi, O. Barry, F. Caille","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210603.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210603.13","url":null,"abstract":"Mining conflicts are among the most widespread issues linked to natural resources development and management in mineral-rich countries. Guinea mining industries development presents a huge challenge in promoting integrated, prosperous, peaceful, and sustainable mining. The scramble of companies to exploit bauxite in the Boke region is correlated with a wave of protests and violent conflicts. This article explores the reasons for the resurgence of conflicts in the Guinea Republic, proposes some strategies for better mining conflicts prevention, management in Boke region. Thus, through a survey carried out in 7 Municipalities of the region and other mining localities of the country, we use a quantitative approach through descriptive statistic elements to identify the causes of the outburst of the conflict in Boke which seriously hinders the climate of socioeconomic activities for local development. The outcomes of this study reveal that youth employment, water and electricity supply, the weakness in the management of compensation mechanism are the main reasons for conflict escalation in Boke. Although, solutions proposed by the state and some NGOs appear to be hopeful. However, better management of public services and good governance based on more innovative public-private partnerships, and changes in government policy to better benefit the local communities could solve these problems holistically. The implementation of a better strategy (approach) in the management of relations with the surrounding communities by considering the depths and the sociohistorical, cultural, economic characteristics of the region would guarantee an environment of peaceful cohabitation between the local communities and the companies.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1967079
Leanne Smith, W. Bruckard, G. Sparrow
ABSTRACT Rejection of deleterious impurity minerals containing antimony and bismuth from sulphide deposits by flotation has been reviewed. The key antimony minerals of commercial interest to remove are stibnite, tetrahedrite, and jamesonite, while the main bismuth mineral is bismuthinite. The most promising methods for separating antimony and bismuth minerals from sulphide ores are based on pH and/or pulp potential adjustments or the use of starvation levels of collector. Stibnite has been floated with xanthate, dithiophosphates and thionocarbamates in acidic conditions, but floatability decreased with increasing pH. Antimony minerals are activated with lead and copper salts and depressed with an oxidant (e.g. H2O2 or Na2Cr2O7). Bismuth minerals can float strongly between pH 3 and 7 with a xanthate collector but floatability decreased sharply at pH values above pH 7. Molybdenite is separated from bismuth minerals by depressing them with reducing agents such as sodium sulphide, while cyanide depresses chalcopyrite.
{"title":"Rejection of antimony and bismuth in sulphide flotation – a literature review","authors":"Leanne Smith, W. Bruckard, G. Sparrow","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1967079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1967079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rejection of deleterious impurity minerals containing antimony and bismuth from sulphide deposits by flotation has been reviewed. The key antimony minerals of commercial interest to remove are stibnite, tetrahedrite, and jamesonite, while the main bismuth mineral is bismuthinite. The most promising methods for separating antimony and bismuth minerals from sulphide ores are based on pH and/or pulp potential adjustments or the use of starvation levels of collector. Stibnite has been floated with xanthate, dithiophosphates and thionocarbamates in acidic conditions, but floatability decreased with increasing pH. Antimony minerals are activated with lead and copper salts and depressed with an oxidant (e.g. H2O2 or Na2Cr2O7). Bismuth minerals can float strongly between pH 3 and 7 with a xanthate collector but floatability decreased sharply at pH values above pH 7. Molybdenite is separated from bismuth minerals by depressing them with reducing agents such as sodium sulphide, while cyanide depresses chalcopyrite.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"260 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45325660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2021.1965775
Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira, D. G. Horta, Fabiane Leocádia da Silva, F. L. von Krüger, Guilherme Jorge Brigolini Silva, D. Mazzinghy
ABSTRACT A key factor in mineral concentration is mineral liberation. Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM-based) automated image analysis systems have been used to obtain information concerning liberation. One of the limitations of SEM-based techniques is the unavoidable loss of 3D information, leading to significant stereological errors. X-ray microtomography (μCT) emerges as an alternative that permits three-dimensional imaging and direct measurement of spatial characteristics of particles, eliminating stereological issues. We used high-resolution μCT and a microscope-based system to evaluate the characteristics of liberation of an iron ore waste. Grade and surface exposure have been overestimated by the 2D assessment. The stereological effect was more pronounced in surface exposure quantification. We found a linear relationship between (i) grade and surface exposure and (ii) particle size and surface exposure. A comparison of SEM-based and μCT techniques showed that a 3D technique is better for the purpose of particulate systems characterisation.
{"title":"Evaluation of mineral liberation and stereological bias based on X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy for an iron ore tailing","authors":"Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira, D. G. Horta, Fabiane Leocádia da Silva, F. L. von Krüger, Guilherme Jorge Brigolini Silva, D. Mazzinghy","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1965775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1965775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A key factor in mineral concentration is mineral liberation. Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM-based) automated image analysis systems have been used to obtain information concerning liberation. One of the limitations of SEM-based techniques is the unavoidable loss of 3D information, leading to significant stereological errors. X-ray microtomography (μCT) emerges as an alternative that permits three-dimensional imaging and direct measurement of spatial characteristics of particles, eliminating stereological issues. We used high-resolution μCT and a microscope-based system to evaluate the characteristics of liberation of an iron ore waste. Grade and surface exposure have been overestimated by the 2D assessment. The stereological effect was more pronounced in surface exposure quantification. We found a linear relationship between (i) grade and surface exposure and (ii) particle size and surface exposure. A comparison of SEM-based and μCT techniques showed that a 3D technique is better for the purpose of particulate systems characterisation.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"250 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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