Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200504.11
I. Bolshakov, Maxim B. Kolesnik, M. Sorokin, V. Kremenets, E. Razinkov, Y. Rogov, M. Sapozhnikov
The results of testing of AGP-F analyser based on the tagged neutron method on the phosphorus ores of the Kovdor deposit are presented. The tagged neutron method (TNM) consists in irradiating the ore with fast neutrons with energy of 14 MeV and recording the characteristic radiation of gamma quanta from reactions of inelastic neutron scattering in certain time intervals between the emission of a neutron and the arrival of a signal from a gamma quantum. Unique possibility of TNM is information about time between signals from α- and γ-detectors. It allows selecting γ-rays coming only form the object under study. Using TNM allows increasing signal/background ratio by factor 200. Another advantage of TNM in comparison with other methods of ore express analysis is high penetration ability of 14 MeV neutrons. The experimental setup consists of neutron generator with 9 α-channels and 12 γ-detectors. It allows determining the elemental composition of ore in the field conditions without any sample preparation. The tests show that for moisture of the sample up to 20% the difference between results of dry and wet sample analysis does not exceed the reproducibility limit. The reason is the possibility to determine concentration of oxygen that is provided by TNM. It is possible to measure the large samples of 1-2 kg with accuracy, reasonable for the field measurements, in 10-15 minutes.
{"title":"Application of Tagged Neutron Method for Element Analysis of Phosphorus Ore","authors":"I. Bolshakov, Maxim B. Kolesnik, M. Sorokin, V. Kremenets, E. Razinkov, Y. Rogov, M. Sapozhnikov","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200504.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200504.11","url":null,"abstract":"The results of testing of AGP-F analyser based on the tagged neutron method on the phosphorus ores of the Kovdor deposit are presented. The tagged neutron method (TNM) consists in irradiating the ore with fast neutrons with energy of 14 MeV and recording the characteristic radiation of gamma quanta from reactions of inelastic neutron scattering in certain time intervals between the emission of a neutron and the arrival of a signal from a gamma quantum. Unique possibility of TNM is information about time between signals from α- and γ-detectors. It allows selecting γ-rays coming only form the object under study. Using TNM allows increasing signal/background ratio by factor 200. Another advantage of TNM in comparison with other methods of ore express analysis is high penetration ability of 14 MeV neutrons. The experimental setup consists of neutron generator with 9 α-channels and 12 γ-detectors. It allows determining the elemental composition of ore in the field conditions without any sample preparation. The tests show that for moisture of the sample up to 20% the difference between results of dry and wet sample analysis does not exceed the reproducibility limit. The reason is the possibility to determine concentration of oxygen that is provided by TNM. It is possible to measure the large samples of 1-2 kg with accuracy, reasonable for the field measurements, in 10-15 minutes.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1843383
R. Peixoto, K. D. Oliveira, C. Ávila-Neto
ABSTRACT The hydrothermal dissolution of a Brazilian glauconitic siltstone, known as Verdete, in the presence of calcium hydroxide was studied using conventional and rotary furnaces. The objective was to assess the behaviour of Verdete, a mixture of micas and K-feldspar, in response to reaction with calcium hydroxide to recover potassium-bearing soluble species. The hydrothermal procedure generated Ca-, Si- and Al-bearing insoluble products with defined crystalline structure (hydrogrossular and tobermorite), resulting from the breakdown of K-feldspar. The use of citric acid as extracting agent led to potassium recoveries up to 300% greater than in cases where the extracting agent was water, due to the formation of an insoluble and amorphous layer (containing mostly K, Mg and Fe) between Verdete and the alkaline solution. Altered feldspar, as well as possibly potassium-substituted tobermorites, may have the potential to release potassium (and other elements) in the long term, while the amorphous layer is responsible for faster release in the short term.
{"title":"Potassium-bearing species in fertiliser obtained by hydrothermal modification of glauconitic siltstones with calcium hydroxide","authors":"R. Peixoto, K. D. Oliveira, C. Ávila-Neto","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1843383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1843383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hydrothermal dissolution of a Brazilian glauconitic siltstone, known as Verdete, in the presence of calcium hydroxide was studied using conventional and rotary furnaces. The objective was to assess the behaviour of Verdete, a mixture of micas and K-feldspar, in response to reaction with calcium hydroxide to recover potassium-bearing soluble species. The hydrothermal procedure generated Ca-, Si- and Al-bearing insoluble products with defined crystalline structure (hydrogrossular and tobermorite), resulting from the breakdown of K-feldspar. The use of citric acid as extracting agent led to potassium recoveries up to 300% greater than in cases where the extracting agent was water, due to the formation of an insoluble and amorphous layer (containing mostly K, Mg and Fe) between Verdete and the alkaline solution. Altered feldspar, as well as possibly potassium-substituted tobermorites, may have the potential to release potassium (and other elements) in the long term, while the amorphous layer is responsible for faster release in the short term.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"145 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1843383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-04DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1827675
C. Pickles, O. Marzoughi
ABSTRACT Recently, the demand for lithium metal and its associated compounds has been growing exponentially, mainly due to the increased consumption of lithium ion batteries. Consequently, to meet this demand, minerals such as spodumene have become the most important lithium-bearing resources. Although numerous methods have been studied for the extraction of lithium from spodumene, the conventional process of spodumene decrepitation followed by leaching in sulfuric acid, remains the proven commercial process. In the high temperature decrepitation process, α-spodumene is converted into β-spodumene and also some intermediate γ-spodumene can form. In the current research, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the decrepitation of spodumene has been performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. Firstly, the thermodynamic data available in the literature for the various relevant lithium aluminosilicates was evaluated and then this data was incorporated into the HSC data base. Secondly, using the experimental data available in the literature, the non-ideal behaviour of spodumene was accounted for by the incorporation of activity coefficients. Finally, the model was applied to the decrepitation of both pure spodumene and also a spodumene concentrate. The modelled conversion results were in good agreement with the process data available in the literature.
{"title":"Thermodynamic modelling of spodumene decrepitation","authors":"C. Pickles, O. Marzoughi","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1827675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1827675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recently, the demand for lithium metal and its associated compounds has been growing exponentially, mainly due to the increased consumption of lithium ion batteries. Consequently, to meet this demand, minerals such as spodumene have become the most important lithium-bearing resources. Although numerous methods have been studied for the extraction of lithium from spodumene, the conventional process of spodumene decrepitation followed by leaching in sulfuric acid, remains the proven commercial process. In the high temperature decrepitation process, α-spodumene is converted into β-spodumene and also some intermediate γ-spodumene can form. In the current research, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the decrepitation of spodumene has been performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. Firstly, the thermodynamic data available in the literature for the various relevant lithium aluminosilicates was evaluated and then this data was incorporated into the HSC data base. Secondly, using the experimental data available in the literature, the non-ideal behaviour of spodumene was accounted for by the incorporation of activity coefficients. Finally, the model was applied to the decrepitation of both pure spodumene and also a spodumene concentrate. The modelled conversion results were in good agreement with the process data available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"130 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1827675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45052304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2018.1467603
W. Yang, C. Pickles, J. Forster
ABSTRACT In the mining industry, the comminution process is very inefficient in terms of energy utilisation. Numerous research studies have investigated the use of microwave pre-treatment to fracture ore, prior to subsequent unit operations, such as grinding, flotation and leaching, therefore saving on energy consumption. The objective of the present work was to investigate the microwave fragmentation of a synthetic ore with controllable composition and particle size. The synthetic ore was composed of both a hyperactive material (pyrite) and an active material (alundum cement), which were compacted into a briquette. Heating behaviour, permittivity and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) studies were conducted in order to understand the fundamental interactions of powdered samples with microwaves. The briquettes were processed in a microwave system followed by compression testing and image analysis to determine the effects of microwaving on the failure load and the fragmentation degree. It was found that the failure load of the briquettes decreased and the fragmentation degree increased with increasing pyrite particle size, pyrite content, and microwave energy absorption.
{"title":"Microwave fragmentation of a synthetic alundum-pyrite ore","authors":"W. Yang, C. Pickles, J. Forster","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2018.1467603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2018.1467603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the mining industry, the comminution process is very inefficient in terms of energy utilisation. Numerous research studies have investigated the use of microwave pre-treatment to fracture ore, prior to subsequent unit operations, such as grinding, flotation and leaching, therefore saving on energy consumption. The objective of the present work was to investigate the microwave fragmentation of a synthetic ore with controllable composition and particle size. The synthetic ore was composed of both a hyperactive material (pyrite) and an active material (alundum cement), which were compacted into a briquette. Heating behaviour, permittivity and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) studies were conducted in order to understand the fundamental interactions of powdered samples with microwaves. The briquettes were processed in a microwave system followed by compression testing and image analysis to determine the effects of microwaving on the failure load and the fragmentation degree. It was found that the failure load of the briquettes decreased and the fragmentation degree increased with increasing pyrite particle size, pyrite content, and microwave energy absorption.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"129 1","pages":"251 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2018.1467603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-28DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1827674
A. Tohry, M. Jafari, Mehrdad Farahani, M. Manthouri, S. C. Chelgani
ABSTRACT Reprocessing of iron ore tailings (IOTs) and extracting recoverable valuable iron oxides will become increasingly financially attractive for mining companies and also may reduce environmental problems. Using databases built based on long term monitoring of units installed on plants to control the operational conditions to generate artificial intelligence models can decrease the cost of reprocessing operations Although some investigations have been focused on the reprocessing of IOTs, several challenges still remain which need to be addressed, especially for fine particles. SLon®, has developed a pulsating high gradient magnetic separator for the processing of fine iron oxides. However, there has been no systematic optimisation and variable assessments for SLon® operating variables to examine their effects on metallurgical responses (separation efficiency) on the industrial scale. This study addressed these drawbacks by linear (Pearson correlation) and non-linear (random forest) variable importance measurements (VIM) through an industrial SLon® installation.
{"title":"Variable importance assessments of an innovative industrial-scale magnetic separator for processing of iron ore tailings","authors":"A. Tohry, M. Jafari, Mehrdad Farahani, M. Manthouri, S. C. Chelgani","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1827674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1827674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reprocessing of iron ore tailings (IOTs) and extracting recoverable valuable iron oxides will become increasingly financially attractive for mining companies and also may reduce environmental problems. Using databases built based on long term monitoring of units installed on plants to control the operational conditions to generate artificial intelligence models can decrease the cost of reprocessing operations Although some investigations have been focused on the reprocessing of IOTs, several challenges still remain which need to be addressed, especially for fine particles. SLon®, has developed a pulsating high gradient magnetic separator for the processing of fine iron oxides. However, there has been no systematic optimisation and variable assessments for SLon® operating variables to examine their effects on metallurgical responses (separation efficiency) on the industrial scale. This study addressed these drawbacks by linear (Pearson correlation) and non-linear (random forest) variable importance measurements (VIM) through an industrial SLon® installation.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"122 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1827674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1815504
Mohsen Nasiri Ahmadabadi, A. Nemati, K. Arzani, S. Baghshahi
ABSTRACT The transformation of gibbsite to α-alumina occurs in the range 1100 to 1300°C. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the crystallites and this leads to abnormal grain growth. The main goal of this research was to reduce the transformation temperature of gibbsite to α-alumina by reducing the gibbsite particles size. The sodium content of the gibbsite used in the study was reduced to less than 0.1% by washing it in HCl solution. It was then ground in a fast mill at ambient conditions for different times then calcined at different temperatures. The microstructure, particles size and thermal behaviour of the samples were examined with SEM, XRD, XRF, PSA and STA, respectively. In a sample ground for 180 min, the transformation temperature decreased from about 1300°C to 1150°C. The reduction in the calcination temperature led to a reduction in α-alumina crystallite size from about 77.16 nm to 64.37 nm.
{"title":"The relation between particle size and transformation temperature of gibbsite to αLPHA-alumina","authors":"Mohsen Nasiri Ahmadabadi, A. Nemati, K. Arzani, S. Baghshahi","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1815504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1815504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The transformation of gibbsite to α-alumina occurs in the range 1100 to 1300°C. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the crystallites and this leads to abnormal grain growth. The main goal of this research was to reduce the transformation temperature of gibbsite to α-alumina by reducing the gibbsite particles size. The sodium content of the gibbsite used in the study was reduced to less than 0.1% by washing it in HCl solution. It was then ground in a fast mill at ambient conditions for different times then calcined at different temperatures. The microstructure, particles size and thermal behaviour of the samples were examined with SEM, XRD, XRF, PSA and STA, respectively. In a sample ground for 180 min, the transformation temperature decreased from about 1300°C to 1150°C. The reduction in the calcination temperature led to a reduction in α-alumina crystallite size from about 77.16 nm to 64.37 nm.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"111 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1815504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43662165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1815269
S. Nicol, E. Jak, P. Hayes
ABSTRACT The solidification of liquids having bulk compositions in the high iron region of the ‘Fe2O3’-CaO-SiO2 system having selected CaO/SiO2 ratios has been investigated. The compositions investigated were selected such that the bulk compositions were within the hematite primary phase field, fully liquid at temperature (1350°C) and pass through the SFC primary phase field on cooling. Specifically, three CaO/SiO2 ratios (wt/wt) were investigated, 2.78, 3.46 (Nicol S, Jak E, Hayes P. 2019b. Microstructure evolution during controlled solidification of “Fe2O3”-CaO-SiO2 liquids in air. Met. Trans. B. 50:2706–2722) and 4.75 with bulk compositions comprising 69.23, 72.74 and 74.94 wt% Fe2O3 respectively. The phases present and their composition was determined with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). During cooling, four stages of solidification were observed at all three CaO/SiO2 ratios, and an additional two stages at the highest CaO/SiO2 ratio. Non-equilibrium phase and liquidus compositions were observed. Significantly, the silico ferrite of calcium phase (SFC) was not observed in any of the samples, although the formation of this phase was anticipated from phase equilibrium considerations.
本文研究了在特定CaO/SiO2比例下，Fe2O3 -CaO-SiO2体系高铁区具有大块成分的液体的凝固。所研究的组合物被选择为在赤铁矿初级相场内，在温度(1350°C)下完全液态，并在冷却时通过SFC初级相场。具体而言，研究了三种CaO/SiO2比(wt/wt)，分别为2.78、3.46 (Nicol S, Jak E, Hayes P. 2019)。“Fe2O3”-CaO-SiO2液体在空气中控制凝固过程中的组织演变满足。反式。B. 50:2706-2722)和4.75，体积成分分别含有69.23,72.74和74.94 wt%的Fe2O3。采用电子探针微量分析(EPMA)和x射线衍射(XRD)测定了样品的相组成。在冷却过程中，在所有三种CaO/SiO2比下观察到四个凝固阶段，在最高CaO/SiO2比下观察到另外两个凝固阶段。观察到非平衡相和液相组成。值得注意的是，在任何样品中都没有观察到钙相(SFC)的硅铁氧体，尽管从相平衡的考虑可以预料到这种相的形成。
{"title":"Effect of the CaO/SiO2 ratio on the controlled solidification of ‘Fe2O3’-CaO-SiO2 melts in air","authors":"S. Nicol, E. Jak, P. Hayes","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1815269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1815269","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The solidification of liquids having bulk compositions in the high iron region of the ‘Fe2O3’-CaO-SiO2 system having selected CaO/SiO2 ratios has been investigated. The compositions investigated were selected such that the bulk compositions were within the hematite primary phase field, fully liquid at temperature (1350°C) and pass through the SFC primary phase field on cooling. Specifically, three CaO/SiO2 ratios (wt/wt) were investigated, 2.78, 3.46 (Nicol S, Jak E, Hayes P. 2019b. Microstructure evolution during controlled solidification of “Fe2O3”-CaO-SiO2 liquids in air. Met. Trans. B. 50:2706–2722) and 4.75 with bulk compositions comprising 69.23, 72.74 and 74.94 wt% Fe2O3 respectively. The phases present and their composition was determined with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). During cooling, four stages of solidification were observed at all three CaO/SiO2 ratios, and an additional two stages at the highest CaO/SiO2 ratio. Non-equilibrium phase and liquidus compositions were observed. Significantly, the silico ferrite of calcium phase (SFC) was not observed in any of the samples, although the formation of this phase was anticipated from phase equilibrium considerations.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"99 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1815269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46055843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200503.11
Tian Aijie, Tian Aimin, Kong Lingliang, Liu Zhenxue
After mining for many years, the coal gangue piles up, not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes serious pollution. Therefore, the treatment and utilization of coal gangue has become an important topic for coal mining and environmental protection departments. The inorganic components of coal gangue are mainly SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by Fe2O3, generally accounting for 75%~80% of all components. Organic components are mainly composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and organic Sulfur, accounting for 20%~25% of all components of oal gangue. In addition, the gangue also contains a small amount of Gallium, Alum, Germanium and other rare earth elements. In recent years, the research of extracting Gallium from other raw materials has developed rapidly. In order to make full use of the waste of resources, turning waste into treasure, improve the economic and social benefits, the paper adopted orthogonal experiment to explore the the gangue gallium extraction conditions. The experiments take the high-temperature acid leaching method of orthogonal experimental design experimental conditions. Acid concentration, ignition temperature, ignition time, the acid leaching temperature, leaching time and other factors on the extraction rate of gallium. After a large number of scientific comparison of the experimental conditions, to get the better conditions of the extraction of gallium that acid concentration 6mol / L, the ignition temperature of 600°C, the ignition time 0.5h, acid leaching temperature of 100°C, leaching time for 6 h. The extraction rate of 95%, provide a viable experimental conditions for the gangue gallium extraction.
{"title":"Orthogonal Experimental Research the Gangue in Gallium Extraction Conditions","authors":"Tian Aijie, Tian Aimin, Kong Lingliang, Liu Zhenxue","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200503.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20200503.11","url":null,"abstract":"After mining for many years, the coal gangue piles up, not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes serious pollution. Therefore, the treatment and utilization of coal gangue has become an important topic for coal mining and environmental protection departments. The inorganic components of coal gangue are mainly SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by Fe2O3, generally accounting for 75%~80% of all components. Organic components are mainly composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and organic Sulfur, accounting for 20%~25% of all components of oal gangue. In addition, the gangue also contains a small amount of Gallium, Alum, Germanium and other rare earth elements. In recent years, the research of extracting Gallium from other raw materials has developed rapidly. In order to make full use of the waste of resources, turning waste into treasure, improve the economic and social benefits, the paper adopted orthogonal experiment to explore the the gangue gallium extraction conditions. The experiments take the high-temperature acid leaching method of orthogonal experimental design experimental conditions. Acid concentration, ignition temperature, ignition time, the acid leaching temperature, leaching time and other factors on the extraction rate of gallium. After a large number of scientific comparison of the experimental conditions, to get the better conditions of the extraction of gallium that acid concentration 6mol / L, the ignition temperature of 600°C, the ignition time 0.5h, acid leaching temperature of 100°C, leaching time for 6 h. The extraction rate of 95%, provide a viable experimental conditions for the gangue gallium extraction.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"5 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20200502.12
S. Alhaji, S. Umar, S. Abdullahi, Shehu Kasimu, Salisu Aliyu
The increase in industrial and artisanal mining and mineral processing activities has led to a surge in the quantity of hazardous materials, typically heavy metals that are released into the environment. These hazard materials, when discharge in water bodies, poses serious risk to humans, animals and environment. Phytoremediation is one of the cost effective methods use in the removal of these pollutants from environment. Several plants have been investigated for their phytoremediating potentials. In this paper, the phytoremediation potential of algae, water hyacinth and water lettuce for the removal of Ni, Pb, and Mn was demonstrated. Plants of equal size were grown in aqueous medium and supplemented with different concentration (1.0 mg/dm3, 3.0 mg/dm3 and 5.0 mg/dm3) of multi component metal solution for 15 consecutive days. All the plants revealed a very good accumulation potential, with the accumulation of metals shown to increase with an increase in the initial concentration of the metal solution. At all levels, the plants accumulated the metals more in the root than in shoot except for Mn in water hyacinth. The result showed that water hyacinth was able to accumulate Pb better, while water lettuce showed more preference for Ni and Mn. All the three plants can be used in remediating waste water. Hence, water hyacinth, water lettuce and algae are a promising biomass for phytoremediation.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of Nickel, Lead and Manganese in Simulated Waste Water Using Algae, Water Hyacint and Water Lettuce","authors":"S. Alhaji, S. Umar, S. Abdullahi, Shehu Kasimu, Salisu Aliyu","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20200502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20200502.12","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in industrial and artisanal mining and mineral processing activities has led to a surge in the quantity of hazardous materials, typically heavy metals that are released into the environment. These hazard materials, when discharge in water bodies, poses serious risk to humans, animals and environment. Phytoremediation is one of the cost effective methods use in the removal of these pollutants from environment. Several plants have been investigated for their phytoremediating potentials. In this paper, the phytoremediation potential of algae, water hyacinth and water lettuce for the removal of Ni, Pb, and Mn was demonstrated. Plants of equal size were grown in aqueous medium and supplemented with different concentration (1.0 mg/dm3, 3.0 mg/dm3 and 5.0 mg/dm3) of multi component metal solution for 15 consecutive days. All the plants revealed a very good accumulation potential, with the accumulation of metals shown to increase with an increase in the initial concentration of the metal solution. At all levels, the plants accumulated the metals more in the root than in shoot except for Mn in water hyacinth. The result showed that water hyacinth was able to accumulate Pb better, while water lettuce showed more preference for Ni and Mn. All the three plants can be used in remediating waste water. Hence, water hyacinth, water lettuce and algae are a promising biomass for phytoremediation.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"5 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1080/25726641.2020.1793048
O. Ozcan
ABSTRACT In the present work, the performance of a silica sand grinding circuit was evaluated. Detailed classification tests were performed using a laboratory scale teetered bed separator (TBS) in a grinding circuit to evaluate the possibilities of using one instead of a cyclone. Mathematical models were used to simulate and compare size classification efficiencies of an actual cyclone and a TBS. According to simulation results, TBS gave a better separation efficiency and lower bypass. Significant decrease in circulating load was achieved to obtain very similar product quality. Mill ball load can be reduced from 35 per cent to 30 per cent according to simulation results. This modification reduces specific energy consumption of the ball mill by approximately 10%. The TBS can be used as an alternative and more efficient classifier to further improve the classification efficiency of close circuit grinding operations.
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