Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the reduction roasting of saprolite ores in the Caron process: effect of sulphur addition","authors":"J. Chen, E. Jak, P. Hayes","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2020.1729020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2020.1729020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Laboratory studies have been undertaken to determine the mechanisms and kinetics of reactions occurring during the reduction roasting of saprolite ores with 1 wt% elemental sulphur addition. The reduction was undertaken using a 15%H2/85%N2 gas mixture at temperatures between 400 and 800°C; nickel was recovered by subsequent leaching in an ammoniacial aqueous solution. The effect of sulphur on dehydroxylation, reduction and sintering was investigated. Improvements in nickel recoveries were obtained when 1 wt% S was added to the nickel-bearing serpentine ore prior to the reduction roasting. Characterisation of the reduced and leached ore samples indicated that this improved Ni recovery with S addition is due to the formation of a leachable nickel sulphide phase, and the suppression of sintering and recrystallisation of the olivine phase formed at high reduction temperatures.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"130 1","pages":"170 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2020.1729020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic study on extraction and separation of scandium using phosphinic acid by both solvent extraction and hollow fibre membrane","authors":"P. C. Rout, K. Sarangi","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1908079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A method for separation of scandium and preparation of scandium oxide using hollow fibre supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) was described. Scandium was separated from a multi metal solution bearing copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, iron, manganese and scandium using bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) as the mobile carrier. The effect of parameters such as pH, extractant concentration, flow rate, metal ion concentration and strip solution concentration on extraction of scandium was investigated and maximum flux was obtained at pH 2.0, Cyanex 272 concentration of 0.3 M, flow rate of 240 mL/min and 1.0 M H2SO4 in strip solution. From the equilibrium studies the extracted species was determined to be ScR3.3RH. A comparative study between solvent extraction and HFSLM has also been carried out to predict the efficiencies of both the techniques for the present system which could be useful for the treatment of industrial wastes bearing very low amount of Sc. It was observed that Sc recovery using Cyanex 272 with HFSLM and solvent extraction was 99.9 and 91%, respectively. Scandium was separated from other metal ions with high separation factors which followed the trend Sc/Ni <  Sc/Mn <  Sc/Co <  Sc/Zn <  Sc/Fe <  Sc/Cu. High pure scandium oxide (Scandia) was prepared from the strip solution by precipitation with oxalic acid and thermal decomposition at 750°C for 1 h.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"166 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47287336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and regression models in Copper refinery","authors":"L. Pérez","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1908080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Chuquicamata Copper refinery has an annual production of 480,000 Tons of copper cathode (A grade). The electrochemical process has a duration of 10 days with 300 A/m2 current density. In this global context, there are a lot of process variables for the process control, like impurities, electrolyte flux in the cells, additive addition, short-cuts and electrical current efficiency. In the present work, classification and regression models are used for having a global process control. The classification models like SVM, Decision Trees, GLMNET, LDA, KNN and Logistic regression show an easy way to see the different effect of the process variables over the quality of the final product. The regression models show the future behaviour of process variables in different scenarios and how this result have a huge impact in the cost of the electrochemical process. In other line, the classification models are easy tool for the operation team. They can see the effect of process variables day by day in the electrochemical cell. The fusion of both models has a strong impact in the global process control for take future decision and minimising the process cost.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"187 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometallurgical characterisation of a Channel Iron Deposit (CID) Ore","authors":"Huibin Li, D. Pinson, P. Zulli, L. Lu, R. Longbottom, S. Chew, B. J. Monaghan, G. Zhang","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1908105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Channel iron deposits (CID), comprising pisolitic or goethitic ores, remain a prominent iron ore resource in Western Australia. Previous research work on CID pointed out their complexity in genesis, geology, geomorphology, and petrology, which provides some basic information for downstream processing. Sintering investigations have mainly focused on the overall sintering performance and the quality of sinter products rather than the behaviour of the ore components during sintering. However, individual mineral phases in the ores have their own characteristics during reaction with fluxing materials in the sintering process. In this study, the complex mineral phases in a CID goethitic ore are compared with traditional hematite ore. They are classified into several categories based on the mineral composition, including the basic mineral phases: goethite matrix, hydro-hematite, and quartz, and combined minerals: quartz-dispersed hydro-hematite, quartz-dispersed goethite, goethite with dispersed quartz and clay (gibbsite/kaolinite), and ferruginised wood. The changes of the goethitic ore when heated to different temperatures were also investigated. More cracks appeared in the ore with increasing temperature due to dehydration of the goethite matrix. The temperature induced goethite-to-hematite transformation occurred between 260°C and 300°C, as shown in TGA-DSC curves and confirmed by XRD analysis. The colour of the goethitic ore changed from brown to vermillion after 300°C due to the phase transformation, and to ochreous at 1150°C and further to black above 1250°C due to the decomposition of hematite to magnetite.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"110 4","pages":"177 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2021.1908105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41277221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to measuring and modelling the residence time distribution of cement clinker in vertical roller mills","authors":"K. Barani, M. Azadi, R. Fatahi","doi":"10.1080/25726641.2021.1898266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2021.1898266","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental approach to measure and model the residence time distribution of vertical roller mill in cement clinker grinding circuit. The dispersion model, tank-in-series model, and a perfect mixer with a bypass model were employed to describe the residence time distribution. A perfect mixer with a bypass model was found to a tolerable fitting to describe the RTD of solids in VRM. The result shows 43% of the fine fraction of fresh feed as an existing bypass without spending adequate time within the VRM. The result also shows that the grinding occurs in 54% of the table surface and about 46% of the table surface can be called the dead zone.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"131 1","pages":"158 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25726641.2021.1898266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process of Irons Smelting in Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State","authors":"A. Okwoche, Tawo Alfred Oyong, Inyabri Samuel Atam","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210601.11","url":null,"abstract":"Iron smelting entails heating of iron at a particular temperature to enable smelter to form objects of desirable shape, Such temperature can be obtainable in a well-insulated medium size furnace, when efficient bellows and a suitable type of charcoal (and of course strong and experienced workers) are employs but some lower temperature can or may still give the satisfactory result of the time of operation is congruity, in Nigeria, especially the Yala axis the bellows used for smelting and forging iron was of rubber-tube. In Nigeria, irons smelting was said to have started from East precisely the Awka people, why inyala today we have black smelter who forges hole, knife, rake, axe, and other agricultural tools, but traditional iron smelting is gradually going to extinction where nobody is willing to learn iron smelting work, as such agricultural implement is becoming very expensive as the people of Yala continue to buy from the Ezza people who few of them are engaging in smelting. This paper therefore x-ray the processes and materials involved or used in forging. Descriptives method of data collection were employed.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87835209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Principles and Improvement of the Evaluation Methods for the Shatter Strength of Metallurgical Materials","authors":"Tan Wendan, Junxue Zhao, Liang Niu, Lv Zhao, Tinglian Zhang","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMPEM.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"Shatter strength refers to the ability of materials to resist collisions and impacts and is an important property of metallurgical minerals. Although the current methods differ in terms of the testing equipment, implementation steps and data processing methods, these approaches are nearly identical in principle. However, the current methods are not sufficiently accurate, which makes it difficult to objectively evaluate shatter strength. Therefore, new and more accurate methods are needed. In this paper, a variety of current methods were discussed, design principles were summarized, and new methods were proposed that consider the influence of the degree of rupture and drop time when cracks are generated on the results of shatter strength tests. Based on the new design principles, new parameters such as the crack size index, number of fragments, and total mass of the fragments were added to the evaluation formula. In addition, the test processes were optimized. Then, a batch of lead-containing pellets were evaluated by the new methods. The results obtained in this test show that, compared with the old methods, the new methods can more accurately and objectively evaluate shatter strength and reflect product quality. Users can also design new methods for all kinds of brittle materials according to these principles. However, the new method is more complex than the old methods and needs to consider a greater number of factors. At present, there is no effective means to address the workload. With the development of artificial intelligence and automation devices, new design principles and methods will be more widely utilized.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85598125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Uncertainties in Gold Plant Design and Operations","authors":"C. Amoah, G. Ofori-Sarpong, Richard Kwasi Amankwah","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210603.14","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional way of designing a plant is to determine the characteristics of rocks in terms of crushability, grindability and other properties that affect the mill throughput. These properties are most of the time determined from drill cores obtained during the exploration period. Such initial exploration campaigns drill to levels shallower than the real pit that will be developed. Thus, as mining pits become deeper, the ore characteristics change and begin to impact negatively on the expected mill throughput. Such situations necessitate modification of the plant, and the first intervention usually is to supplement the initial energy input with additional size reduction equipment to achieve the required throughput. However, reconsidering the inputs used in determining the initial plant selection would help in reducing the setbacks during the operational period. To help reduce uncertainties and develop a predictive tool, this study considered a greenfield drilled up to 273 m, and the core samples obtained were tested to ascertain the variations in Bond work index to depths beyond 500 m. The study showed that within the section of the Asankragwa belt investigated, Bond work indices increased from 10.3 kW/t at the surface to 16.5 kW/t at a depth of 273 m. The Bond work index was established as a function of vertical depth in a pit (x) with the relation BWI=6E-05x2 + 0.0071x + 9.8816. The predicted value at 280 m was 16.3 kW/t while that of the blend was 15.8 kW/t, giving an error of 4%. This novel relationship between the BWI and depth predicts the BWI beyond 500m with minimum mean square error. The use of the novel Bond work index and depth relationship will eliminate the uncertainty beyond the drilled depth and give a clear understanding of what the rock characteristics will be as pits become deeper. In addition, a savings of US$62,500 per diamond drill hole and US$25,000 per one reverse drilling after the 250 m depth can be made by the use of this model. This can result in massive savings considering the number of holes that would have to be drilled across the length of the pit.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85917380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Duration of Surface Textures of Slab Design","authors":"S. Ubani","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210604.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210604.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82539440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioleaching: Validation of the Extraction of Precious Metals Through Selective Recovery of Iron, Copper and Zinc","authors":"Zambrano Johanna, Zambrano Johnny","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":": In Ecuador, large gold deposits were discovered in the areas of Nambija and Ponce Enríquez, but they contain metal sulfides that, when exposed to the action of air and water, intervene in a series of physical, chemical and biological phenomena. The oxidation of sulfides to sulfates occurs by the catalytic action of bacteria, in addition to the production of sulfuric acid that dissolves heavy metals such as iron, copper and zinc; a process known as bioleaching. These solutions, with a high level of acidity, are carried away by water currents or runoff, becoming a great contaminant of water and soil of the surrounding sector. Acid mine drains are one of the main problems of environmental pollution; the mining deposits are located in areas of great biodiversity. In these areas there are births of water used for human consumption, agriculture and mining work; the mismanagement of tailings, tailings and sands that are discharged into rivers and streams generate serious environmental damage. The objective of the work is to use selective precipitation to recover iron, copper and zinc from acid solutions produced by bioleaching during the extraction of precious metals at the laboratory level and from acid drainage of natural mine, to comply with environmental regulations regarding the discharge of effluents and reduce the effect of environmental pollution produced by acid mine drains. This investigation presents the conditions for a successful individual recovery of the main base metals contained in a bioleaching solution with high copper, zinc, and iron concentrations by pH-based selective precipitation. Tests were made with standard solutions of known concentrations of copper, iron, lead, and zinc and by titration the concentrations were checked, which allowed to validate the volumetric titration method. The selective precipitation of heavy metals was carried out in three phases using real acid main drainage and bioleaching solutions generated at the laboratory. The first phase in a pH range of 2 to 4 to recover iron; the second phase in a pH range of 4 to 6 to recover copper; and the third phase in a pH range of 6 to 10 to recover zinc. The selective precipitation allowed the heavy metals to be completely removed from the solution or to achieve concentrations below the maximum allowable limit to be discharged to a body of water or public sewer. Validation of SOLBIO 2 and Orenas bioleaching solutions was performed.","PeriodicalId":43710,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81921702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}