Abstract Data protection and competition law are perhaps two of the most enmeshed legal arenas in the contemporary data-driven world. This essay ingresses into this intersection, appraising the competitive implications of India’s Data Protection Bill, 2022 through key arenas of conflict such as jurisdictional tussles, data portability, the remedy of mandatory data sharing, and compliance costs. Although the intersection of privacy and competition law has been discussed in Indian scholarship, an analysis of the competitive implications of the Data Protection Bill has been absent. This is precisely the gap that this piece aims to fill, by appraising the host of new implications of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill (DPDPB) on Indian competition and providing a framework to evaluate various competition concerns such as jurisdiction, compliance, and data sharing of any subsequent data protection bill in India. It does this by first analyzing the extent to which competitive concerns can be addressed in the Indian data protection system. With this premise, it secondly considers the question of jurisdictional primacy between the Competition Commission and the Data Protection Board, arguing for the primacy of the Competition Commission. Thirdly, it discusses the questions of data portability, mandatory data sharing and compliance costs in the DPDBP which could affect India’s competition, critically discussing the trade-offs and suggesting potential solutions. The goal of the piece is to critically examine the implications of the 2022 version of the bill to suggest ways forward for its future iterations in India.
{"title":"Balancing Privacy and Competition: Evaluating the Competitive Effects of India’s Data Protection Bill","authors":"Priyansh Dixit, Sukarm Sharma","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmad004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data protection and competition law are perhaps two of the most enmeshed legal arenas in the contemporary data-driven world. This essay ingresses into this intersection, appraising the competitive implications of India’s Data Protection Bill, 2022 through key arenas of conflict such as jurisdictional tussles, data portability, the remedy of mandatory data sharing, and compliance costs. Although the intersection of privacy and competition law has been discussed in Indian scholarship, an analysis of the competitive implications of the Data Protection Bill has been absent. This is precisely the gap that this piece aims to fill, by appraising the host of new implications of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill (DPDPB) on Indian competition and providing a framework to evaluate various competition concerns such as jurisdiction, compliance, and data sharing of any subsequent data protection bill in India. It does this by first analyzing the extent to which competitive concerns can be addressed in the Indian data protection system. With this premise, it secondly considers the question of jurisdictional primacy between the Competition Commission and the Data Protection Board, arguing for the primacy of the Competition Commission. Thirdly, it discusses the questions of data portability, mandatory data sharing and compliance costs in the DPDBP which could affect India’s competition, critically discussing the trade-offs and suggesting potential solutions. The goal of the piece is to critically examine the implications of the 2022 version of the bill to suggest ways forward for its future iterations in India.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135287138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract National Visions are policy instruments characterized by an outlook that is constitutional in nature, while also appealing to a country’s external relations, as well as its citizens. They are unique to the law and policy of Gulf States and set out decade-long policy aims that are subsequently translated into legislation or/and foreign policy objectives. This article examines the sports-related dimension of the Qatari National Vision, which was the basis for the country’s bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It is demonstrated that the constitutional nature of the sports dimension of the Vision helped to shape social attitudes in Qatar, as well as facilitate a rapid legislative reform in the field of labor relations, such that would have been unthinkable in the absence of strong sports-oriented policy underpinning the entire nation. National Visions should therefore be viewed as accelerators of social change and drivers of rapid legislative reform, even if they themselves do not outward display normative qualities.
{"title":"Legislating Through Policy Statements: The Authority of National Visions in the Arabian Gulf","authors":"Ilias Bantekas","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmad005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract National Visions are policy instruments characterized by an outlook that is constitutional in nature, while also appealing to a country’s external relations, as well as its citizens. They are unique to the law and policy of Gulf States and set out decade-long policy aims that are subsequently translated into legislation or/and foreign policy objectives. This article examines the sports-related dimension of the Qatari National Vision, which was the basis for the country’s bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It is demonstrated that the constitutional nature of the sports dimension of the Vision helped to shape social attitudes in Qatar, as well as facilitate a rapid legislative reform in the field of labor relations, such that would have been unthinkable in the absence of strong sports-oriented policy underpinning the entire nation. National Visions should therefore be viewed as accelerators of social change and drivers of rapid legislative reform, even if they themselves do not outward display normative qualities.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135961419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Surveillance of digital communications invokes both commendation and criticism. Whereas it may serve justifiable and legitimate purposes, it is also susceptible to abuse if it is undertaken in the absence of adequate safeguards. In 2022, Botswana enacted the Criminal Procedure and Evidence (Controlled Investigations) Act. The Act is intended to regulate the surveillance of digital communications for law enforcement purposes. This article assesses whether the Act provides adequate procedural safeguards to protect against undue infringement of fundamental rights, particularly, the right to privacy. In this regard, the article examines how the constitutionally entrenched right to privacy has been interpreted and applied by the courts in Botswana. Consequently, the article interrogates whether the surveillance of digital communications under the auspices of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence (Controlled Investigations) Act falls within the parameters of justifiable inroads into the right to privacy. The analysis of the Act is undertaken drawing inspiration from international jurisprudence on how to balance the necessity for surveillance with respect for fundamental rights.
{"title":"Surveillance within the Law: A Critique of the Legal Framework for Surveillance of Digital Communications by Law Enforcement Authorities in Botswana","authors":"Badala Tachilisa Balule, Baboki Jonathan Dambe","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmad003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surveillance of digital communications invokes both commendation and criticism. Whereas it may serve justifiable and legitimate purposes, it is also susceptible to abuse if it is undertaken in the absence of adequate safeguards. In 2022, Botswana enacted the Criminal Procedure and Evidence (Controlled Investigations) Act. The Act is intended to regulate the surveillance of digital communications for law enforcement purposes. This article assesses whether the Act provides adequate procedural safeguards to protect against undue infringement of fundamental rights, particularly, the right to privacy. In this regard, the article examines how the constitutionally entrenched right to privacy has been interpreted and applied by the courts in Botswana. Consequently, the article interrogates whether the surveillance of digital communications under the auspices of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence (Controlled Investigations) Act falls within the parameters of justifiable inroads into the right to privacy. The analysis of the Act is undertaken drawing inspiration from international jurisprudence on how to balance the necessity for surveillance with respect for fundamental rights.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I have been using and enjoying Thornton’s Legislative Drafting for over 30 years, and although I cannot say that I have consulted it regularly or frequently, my occasional resorts to its wisdom have generally been rewarded with something of value, particularly in my early years as a drafter. One thing that all practitioners of the art of legislative drafting agree (and it is very possibly the only thing on which they all agree) is that you cannot teach legislative drafting at a theoretical level, and one can learn the art only by performing it under constructive supervision. For that reason, office manuals in legislative drafting offices that attempt to constrain the drafter to follow set devices and patterns to deal with particular legislative situations are notoriously doomed to failure, because the drafter needs to be free to apply her or his mind to the widest possible set of legal, political and other circumstances in crafting each provision, whether it appears to follow well-trodden policy paths or to be entirely novel.
{"title":"Thornton’s Legislative Drafting","authors":"Daniel Greenberg","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac014","url":null,"abstract":"I have been using and enjoying Thornton’s Legislative Drafting for over 30 years, and although I cannot say that I have consulted it regularly or frequently, my occasional resorts to its wisdom have generally been rewarded with something of value, particularly in my early years as a drafter. One thing that all practitioners of the art of legislative drafting agree (and it is very possibly the only thing on which they all agree) is that you cannot teach legislative drafting at a theoretical level, and one can learn the art only by performing it under constructive supervision. For that reason, office manuals in legislative drafting offices that attempt to constrain the drafter to follow set devices and patterns to deal with particular legislative situations are notoriously doomed to failure, because the drafter needs to be free to apply her or his mind to the widest possible set of legal, political and other circumstances in crafting each provision, whether it appears to follow well-trodden policy paths or to be entirely novel.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper it is shown that interpretive canons are either constitutionally invalid because of the principles of interpretation it establishes, or a theory of interpretation can be made to be inconsistent: where a theory of interpretation says do p, then a new canon can say do not-p. This is called the Canon Dilemma. Whichever horn of the dilemma is taken as acceptable (accept invalidity or possible inconsistency), this shows that canons cause more problems for theorising about interpretation than currently realised. Some might interpret the Canon Dilemma as a process of theory change (p is replaced with not-p rather than being contradicted by it), but even then problems of incoherence still persist. This paper also shows a connection between debates on the constitutionality of interpretive canons and the descriptive accuracy of linguistic theories of interpretation.
{"title":"The Problem of Interpretive Canons","authors":"David Tan","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper it is shown that interpretive canons are either constitutionally invalid because of the principles of interpretation it establishes, or a theory of interpretation can be made to be inconsistent: where a theory of interpretation says do p, then a new canon can say do not-p. This is called the Canon Dilemma. Whichever horn of the dilemma is taken as acceptable (accept invalidity or possible inconsistency), this shows that canons cause more problems for theorising about interpretation than currently realised. Some might interpret the Canon Dilemma as a process of theory change (p is replaced with not-p rather than being contradicted by it), but even then problems of incoherence still persist. This paper also shows a connection between debates on the constitutionality of interpretive canons and the descriptive accuracy of linguistic theories of interpretation.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46725227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the scientific debate about what quality means in legislation, the opinion has spread that legislation of good quality is synonymous with effective legislation. This article discusses that effectiveness does not always equate to legislative quality. The example of the 15th parliamentary term in Greece, amid the acute debt crisis, is typical. The most intense and numerous phenomena of ‘bad’, unconstitutional law-making in recent Greek parliamentary history were observed during this term. Nevertheless, the effects of this kind of legislation were remarkably positive since all the indicators of the Greek economy improved spectacularly. Yet, anti-democratic legislation is not qualitative legislation; even an authoritarian regime can enact effective laws. In a democratic rule of law, however, the law-making processes, the content, and the form of drafts must follow the Constitution and the Standing Orders of the Parliament; the legislature is obliged to produce law by the law. Particularly adherence to the prescribed procedures is of vital importance, as it functions as a guarantee of achieving good legislative quality. After all, no one can foresee the best quality content at the start of the legislative process since it is formed after creative fermentation and balancing of tendencies while following the prescribed procedures.
{"title":"Effectiveness Does Not Always Equate to Legislative Quality: The Case of the 15th Parliamentary Term in Greece","authors":"Ioannis Primpas","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmad001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the scientific debate about what quality means in legislation, the opinion has spread that legislation of good quality is synonymous with effective legislation. This article discusses that effectiveness does not always equate to legislative quality. The example of the 15th parliamentary term in Greece, amid the acute debt crisis, is typical. The most intense and numerous phenomena of ‘bad’, unconstitutional law-making in recent Greek parliamentary history were observed during this term. Nevertheless, the effects of this kind of legislation were remarkably positive since all the indicators of the Greek economy improved spectacularly. Yet, anti-democratic legislation is not qualitative legislation; even an authoritarian regime can enact effective laws. In a democratic rule of law, however, the law-making processes, the content, and the form of drafts must follow the Constitution and the Standing Orders of the Parliament; the legislature is obliged to produce law by the law. Particularly adherence to the prescribed procedures is of vital importance, as it functions as a guarantee of achieving good legislative quality. After all, no one can foresee the best quality content at the start of the legislative process since it is formed after creative fermentation and balancing of tendencies while following the prescribed procedures.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45765656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is another useful volume in a highly useful series. It is particularly helpful to have a discussion of privilege, exclusive cognizance, and the law by a senior clerk, Eve Samson. Having the inside view set down on the page is a useful resource. It would have been good to have a little more on the latest proposals to enforce contempt of parliament, because an unenforceable privilege risks a cycle of inevitable moribundity. That apart, this is an enormously valuable contribution even if there is the occasional comment that is not necessarily the final word on the matter (e.g. ‘The courts and parliament will always have a strained relationship’ is not necessarily the characterization that everybody would attribute—there will always be an inevitably constructive tension keeping the three parts of the separation of powers in their places, but ‘strain’ implies a degree of conflict that is not necessarily either inevitable or desirable).
{"title":"Parliament and the Law, Third Edition, Hart Studies in Constitutional Law","authors":"Daniel Greenberg","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac018","url":null,"abstract":"This is another useful volume in a highly useful series. It is particularly helpful to have a discussion of privilege, exclusive cognizance, and the law by a senior clerk, Eve Samson. Having the inside view set down on the page is a useful resource. It would have been good to have a little more on the latest proposals to enforce contempt of parliament, because an unenforceable privilege risks a cycle of inevitable moribundity. That apart, this is an enormously valuable contribution even if there is the occasional comment that is not necessarily the final word on the matter (e.g. ‘The courts and parliament will always have a strained relationship’ is not necessarily the characterization that everybody would attribute—there will always be an inevitably constructive tension keeping the three parts of the separation of powers in their places, but ‘strain’ implies a degree of conflict that is not necessarily either inevitable or desirable).","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136039468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kostruba, Mykola Haliantych, Svitlana Iskra, Andrii Dryshliuk
The presented article considers the essence and content of the most common defect in legal science—“legal gaps”. This study presents various scientific approaches to the definition of legal gaps. Considering various scientific approaches, the authors of this study formulated their original version of this concept considering its absence from the theory of penitentiary law. The study analyses the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the progressiveness of law in the historical context. The main features of legal gaps are named to become able to distinguish them from conflicts of law. The authors outlined a set of features indicating the presence of a legislative gap in a particular case and provided a scientifically sound classification of gaps. The article also focused on the main types of legal gaps. In addition, the authors addressed the presence of legal gaps in Ukrainian legislation. The originality of this study lies in the formulation of new theoretical conclusions and generalizations that will help identify, eliminate, and overcome gaps in civil procedural law.
{"title":"Legal Gaps: Concept, Content, Problems of the Role of Legal Doctrine in Overcoming them","authors":"A. Kostruba, Mykola Haliantych, Svitlana Iskra, Andrii Dryshliuk","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The presented article considers the essence and content of the most common defect in legal science—“legal gaps”. This study presents various scientific approaches to the definition of legal gaps. Considering various scientific approaches, the authors of this study formulated their original version of this concept considering its absence from the theory of penitentiary law. The study analyses the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the progressiveness of law in the historical context. The main features of legal gaps are named to become able to distinguish them from conflicts of law. The authors outlined a set of features indicating the presence of a legislative gap in a particular case and provided a scientifically sound classification of gaps. The article also focused on the main types of legal gaps. In addition, the authors addressed the presence of legal gaps in Ukrainian legislation. The originality of this study lies in the formulation of new theoretical conclusions and generalizations that will help identify, eliminate, and overcome gaps in civil procedural law.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Statute, Common Law, and Analogical Reasoning: Pouring Oil on Troubled Waters","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has created immense challenges for governments in their management of the public health response and tested the limits of public law. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the common law jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. It discusses the imposition of ‘stay at home’ restrictions pursuant to public health legislative frameworks, focusing on judicial scrutiny in the context of statutory interpretation. It examines the appellate cases of R (Dolan) v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care [2021] 1 WLR 2326, Borrowdale v Director-General of Health [2022] 2 NZLR 356, and Kassam v Hazzard (2021) 106 NSWLR 520. Using these case studies, this article seeks to reveal key themes and implications for public law. What approaches have the courts adopted to construe public health emergency powers? How have the courts treated ‘rights-based’ principles of statutory interpretation? Have the courts approached interpretation in the usual manner or displayed an unorthodox level of deference to other branches of government? The article concludes on what implications the judicial approaches have for the interpretation of emergency powers in the future.
{"title":"COVID-19 Stay at Home Restrictions and the Interpretation of Emergency Powers: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Bruce Chen","doi":"10.1093/slr/hmac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmac012","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has created immense challenges for governments in their management of the public health response and tested the limits of public law. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the common law jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. It discusses the imposition of ‘stay at home’ restrictions pursuant to public health legislative frameworks, focusing on judicial scrutiny in the context of statutory interpretation. It examines the appellate cases of R (Dolan) v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care [2021] 1 WLR 2326, Borrowdale v Director-General of Health [2022] 2 NZLR 356, and Kassam v Hazzard (2021) 106 NSWLR 520. Using these case studies, this article seeks to reveal key themes and implications for public law. What approaches have the courts adopted to construe public health emergency powers? How have the courts treated ‘rights-based’ principles of statutory interpretation? Have the courts approached interpretation in the usual manner or displayed an unorthodox level of deference to other branches of government? The article concludes on what implications the judicial approaches have for the interpretation of emergency powers in the future.","PeriodicalId":43737,"journal":{"name":"Statute Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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