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Disruptive Megatrends 破坏性的大趋势
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.4324/9781003000594-9
Allen C. Amason, A. Ward
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引用次数: 0
Tools of the Trade 行业工具
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.4324/9781003000594-3
Allen C. Amason, A. Ward
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引用次数: 0
Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses 组织优势与劣势
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.4324/9781003000594-5
Allen C. Amason, A. Ward
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引用次数: 0
The managerial implications of the labor market and workplace shortage in Central Eastern Europe 中欧东欧劳动力市场和工作场所短缺的管理含义
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-10 DOI: 10.46541/978-86-7233-386-2_4
József Poór, Agneš Slavić, M. Nikolić, Nemanja Berber
In the recent years the labor market of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has changed a lot. One of the main business challenges in the CEE region is the worker shortage. The possible reasons of this phenomenon are the emigration of the labor force from the countries of the former Eastern Bloc to the Western countries, the negative demographic tendencies in the region, the effects of economic crisis and the significant wage differences in the countries of European Union. This paper presents the first results of an international research conducted in six countries from the CEE region (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia) on the reasons and managerial implications of the current labor force shortage. The research questionnaire was filled out in 797 companies and institutions in the CEE region. In our paper we will show the size, ownership and the sectoral distribution of our sample, as well as the average turnover rate, the average time to fill a position in, the positions hard to fill in, the possible reasons of labor shortage and the successful organizational and governmental programs to deal with labor market shortage. The obtained results may be a useful input for the formulation of human resource management programs in the organizations facing with labor market shortage in Serbia and other CEE countries.
近年来,中东欧国家的劳动力市场发生了很大的变化。中东欧地区的主要商业挑战之一是工人短缺。造成这种现象的可能原因是劳动力从前东欧集团国家向西方国家的移徙、该区域消极的人口趋势、经济危机的影响以及欧洲联盟各国的巨大工资差异。本文介绍了在中东欧地区六个国家(奥地利、捷克共和国、匈牙利、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚和斯洛伐克)进行的关于当前劳动力短缺的原因和管理影响的国际研究的第一批结果。研究问卷在中东欧地区的797家公司和机构中填写。在我们的论文中,我们将展示我们样本的规模,所有权和部门分布,以及平均流动率,填补一个职位的平均时间,难以填补的职位,劳动力短缺的可能原因以及成功的组织和政府计划来应对劳动力市场短缺。所获得的结果可能为塞尔维亚和其他中东欧国家面临劳动力市场短缺的组织制定人力资源管理计划提供有用的输入。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of organizational cultures from a transitional economy and a knowledge economy: Empirical study from Serbia and Southern California 转型经济与知识经济的组织文化比较:来自塞尔维亚和南加州的实证研究
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2004017d
Zoran Drašković,Đorđe Ćelić,Viktorija Petrov,Zorica Uzelac
In this paper the authors discuss organizational culture with focus on differences between characteristics of organizational culture in traditional economy and knowledge economy. In the literature, knowledge economy is considered to be a platform on which Industry 4.0 is based. In the knowledge economy, knowledge is the key resource while innovation capacity of employees is the key competitive advantage. That places people at the centre of research relating to the success of organizations in the knowledge economy. People are carriers of both; the key resource - knowledge, and the key capacity - innovation. Human capital is usually divided into three categories in scientific literature: 'traditional', 'convertible' and 'creative'. Creative human capital implies the ability to set the tasks independently, the ability to switch between various activities, high professional autonomy, continuing education, and knowledge sharing. Creative human capital is the accelerator of transition from developing economy to knowledge economy. The importance of human capital and the aforementioned key characteristics of the knowledge economy, and its specific aspects relating to knowledge sharing and autonomy of knowledge workers, place the organizational culture at the centre of our research. The main research question in this paper is: Is it possible to identify and measure perception of organizational culture and its various dimensions in Serbia and Southern California using Pareek's OCTAPACE instrument? From the main research question the research hypothesis emerged. In order to answer the research question and to support research hypothesis, the survey was conducted in which the organizations from Serbia were considered to be from transitional economy, and organizations from Southern California were considered to be the standard for the knowledge economy. This paper presents the results of survey conducted on a sample of383 executives and employees from organizations in Serbia and Southern California, using Pareek's instrument for the OCTAPACE model of organizational culture. Given that Industry 4.0 concept requires continuous innovation, education and knowledge sharing that not only depends on the people's skills and attitudes, but also on organizational culture, results from this research should be useful to organizations in transitional economy as they attempt to keep pace with organizations from knowledge economies.
本文对组织文化进行了探讨,重点分析了传统经济与知识经济组织文化特征的差异。在文献中,知识经济被认为是工业4.0所基于的一个平台。在知识经济时代,知识是企业的关键资源,员工的创新能力是企业的关键竞争优势。这就把人置于与知识经济中组织成功相关的研究的中心。人是两者的载体;关键资源是知识,关键能力是创新。在科学文献中,人力资本通常分为三类:“传统的”、“可转换的”和“创造性的”。创造性人力资本意味着独立设定任务的能力、在各种活动之间切换的能力、高度的专业自主权、继续教育和知识共享。创造性人力资本是发展中经济向知识经济转型的加速器。人力资本的重要性和上述知识经济的关键特征,以及与知识共享和知识工作者自主性相关的具体方面,将组织文化置于我们研究的中心。本文的主要研究问题是:是否有可能使用Pareek的OCTAPACE工具来识别和测量塞尔维亚和南加州的组织文化及其各个维度的感知?从主要的研究问题中产生了研究假设。为了回答研究问题和支持研究假设,进行了调查,其中塞尔维亚的组织被认为是过渡经济,南加州的组织被认为是知识经济的标准。本文介绍了使用Pareek的OCTAPACE组织文化模型工具对来自塞尔维亚和南加州组织的383名高管和员工样本进行的调查结果。考虑到工业4.0概念需要持续的创新、教育和知识共享,这不仅取决于人们的技能和态度,还取决于组织文化,本研究的结果应该对转型经济中的组织有用,因为它们试图跟上知识经济组织的步伐。
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引用次数: 0
An examination of the relationship between experimental climate and dimensions of the creative organization 实验气氛和创造性组织的维度之间的关系的检查
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2004054s
Maja Strugar-Jelača, Radmila Bjekić, M. Aleksić, Nemanja Berber
Today's business environment imposes the need to continuously generate creative ideas not only for companies to grow, but also to survive in a hypercompetitive environment. Forming a creative model of organization and stimulating employees' creative behavior is one of the priorities, which can be achieved by establishing a parallel organizational culture and a creative climate. So far, some authors have identified these two terms as equal, while others emphasize the need for their separation. The paper indicates the differences in understanding of organizational culture on the one hand and climate on the other. The subject of the research is reflected in the analysis of the factors of importance for the formation of a creative organization. The paper aims to determine whether or not there is a positive relationship between the experimental climate and the dimensions that describe a creative organization model with a focus on organizational culture. The research hypotheses were generated and empirically analyzed based on a survey conducted on a sample of 145 employees in organizations in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The survey was developed by combining two methodologies formulated by G. Ekwall, "Creative Climate Model," and T. Amabile, "Organizational Creativity Model." Statistical methods, such as correlation analysis and analysis of variance, ANOVA, were applied in the paper. The obtained results indicate that there is a positive statistically significant relationship between all three dimensions of creative organizational culture, such as flexible management system, motivation for greater achievements and freedom to use resources to form an experimental climate in the organization. Furthermore, by applying ANOVA, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the degree of experimental climate prevailing in the organization depending on its size, while no statistically significant difference between the organizations depending on their legal form was confirmed. Finally, the paper highlights management measures to encourage the creation of a creative work environment.
今天的商业环境要求不断产生创造性的想法,这不仅是为了公司的发展,也是为了在竞争激烈的环境中生存。形成一个创造性的组织模式,激发员工的创造性行为是重点之一,这可以通过建立一个平行的组织文化和一个创造性的气候来实现。到目前为止,一些作者认为这两个术语是平等的,而另一些人则强调需要将它们分开。本文指出了对组织文化和组织气候的不同理解。研究的主题体现在对创造性组织形成的重要因素的分析上。本文旨在确定实验气氛与描述以组织文化为重点的创造性组织模型的维度之间是否存在正相关关系。根据对塞尔维亚共和国境内各组织145名雇员的抽样调查,提出了研究假设并进行了实证分析。这项调查结合了G. Ekwall提出的“创造性气候模型”和T. Amabile提出的“组织创造力模型”两种方法。本文采用了相关分析、方差分析、方差分析等统计方法。研究结果表明,创造性组织文化的三个维度(灵活的管理制度、追求更大成就的动机和自由利用资源在组织中形成实验氛围)之间存在显著的正相关关系。此外,通过方差分析发现,不同规模的组织中盛行实验气候的程度存在统计学上的显著差异,而不同法律形式的组织之间没有统计学上的显著差异。最后,本文重点介绍了鼓励创造创造性工作环境的管理措施。
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引用次数: 0
The concept and competitiveness of agile organization in the fourth industrial revolution's drift 第四次工业革命漂移中的敏捷组织概念及其竞争力
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2003014b
K. Balog
Corporate competitiveness is constantly being shaped by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the explosive development of technology, the globalization and the hyper-competition. The VUCA status has now become a permanent reality: volatility and complexity cannot be traced to traditional corporate operations. The Industry 4.0 projects a physical, a digital and a biological megatrend such as advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, new materials, personalized healing, self-driving cars. Through usage of the resources and knowledge sharing, the global economy is experiencing mutations such as the sharing economy, the peer to peer economy, the gig economy in the labor market and the Big Data in planning. Meanwhile, the disruptive innovations are transforming industries and gaining exponentially competitive advantage. The special business concepts were born and whom cannot be handled by models of classic macro and micro economics: the largest taxi company in the world does not own any taxicab (Uber), the largest accommodation company does not own any property (Airbnb), the largest telecommunication company has no infrastructure (Skype), the world's most valuable retailer has no inventory (Alibaba), the most popular media doesn't create its own content (Facebook), the world's largest cinema doesn't have its own movie (Netflix). In the meantime, those are treasuring huge profits, business influence and information capital. The competitiveness of their agile way of working can be proved. These call for changes not only in the market, but also in organizational and individual terms. An adaptive corporate structure and leadership, a self-organizing group, an agile working method hold companies in the direction of growing track and changes in the future. My research about discovering some aspects of agile way of working versus traditional organization work. My hypothesis is that employees are more motivated, effective and committed in an agile team than in a classic hierarchy or matrix. I added own business and project-based worker as their flexible, effective work is a must. My hypotheses are partially fulfilled.
第四次工业革命、技术的爆炸式发展、全球化和超竞争不断塑造着企业的竞争力。VUCA的地位现在已经成为一个永久的现实:波动性和复杂性无法追溯到传统的企业运营。工业4.0预测了物理、数字和生物的大趋势,如先进机器人、人工智能、新材料、个性化治疗、自动驾驶汽车。通过资源和知识共享的使用,全球经济正在经历诸如共享经济、点对点经济、劳动力市场的零工经济和规划中的大数据等突变。与此同时,颠覆性创新正在改变行业,并获得指数级的竞争优势。特殊的经营概念由此诞生,经典的宏观和微观经济学模型无法处理这些概念:世界上最大的出租车公司不拥有任何出租车(Uber),最大的住宿公司不拥有任何房产(Airbnb),最大的电信公司没有基础设施(Skype),世界上最有价值的零售商没有库存(阿里巴巴),最受欢迎的媒体不创造自己的内容(Facebook),世界上最大的电影院没有自己的电影(Netflix)。与此同时,他们也在珍惜巨额利润、商业影响力和信息资本。他们敏捷工作方式的竞争力可以得到证明。这不仅需要市场的变革,也需要组织和个人的变革。自适应的企业结构和领导,自组织的团队,敏捷的工作方法,使企业在未来的成长轨道和变化的方向。我的研究是发现敏捷工作方式与传统组织工作的某些方面。我的假设是,在敏捷团队中,员工比在传统的层级或矩阵团队中更有动力、更高效、更忠诚。我增加了自己的业务和项目型工人,因为他们的灵活,有效的工作是必须的。我的假设部分实现了。
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引用次数: 2
Brick-and-mortar retailers: Becoming smarter with innovative technologies 实体零售商:用创新技术变得更聪明
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.5937/STRAMAN1902003V
K. Vojvodić
Nowadays, advanced interactive in-store technologies provide brick-and-mortar retailers with a wide range of opportunities to interact with customers. Based on a comprehensive review of the academic and practitioner literature, the purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of smart, innovative technologies in brickand-mortar retail settings, and to determine a framework for further analysis. In addition, a pilot survey was conducted to gain better understanding of self-service technology from the perspective of food retailers. Despite the perceived diminishing role, brick-and-mortar retailers have the potential to be powerful players in the future of shopping. Apart from adapting to the latest technology, the key to retailers’ success is introducing customers to the emerging technology within smart retail settings while encouraging their active digital engagement. Technological advancements help retailers gather various information on consumer behaviour, as well as their expectations, needs and preferences. By developing their technological capabilities, retailers will be able to create a unique in-store experience and make shopping in brick-and-mortar stores enjoyable.
如今,先进的店内互动技术为实体零售商提供了与顾客互动的广泛机会。基于对学术和实践文献的全面回顾,本文的目的是促进对实体零售环境中智能创新技术的理解,并确定进一步分析的框架。此外,我们还进行了一项试点调查,以便从食品零售商的角度更好地了解自助服务技术。尽管人们认为实体零售商的作用正在减弱,但它们仍有潜力成为未来购物界的强大参与者。除了适应最新技术外,零售商成功的关键是在智能零售环境中向客户介绍新兴技术,同时鼓励他们积极参与数字业务。技术进步帮助零售商收集有关消费者行为的各种信息,以及他们的期望、需求和偏好。通过发展他们的技术能力,零售商将能够创造一种独特的店内体验,使在实体店购物变得愉快。
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引用次数: 18
Top management remuneration in a post-transition economy: Does company ownership make a difference? 转型后经济中的高层管理人员薪酬:公司所有权有影响吗?
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2019-07-10 DOI: 10.5937/STRAMAN1902034N
Ivana Načinović-Braje, Lovorka Galetić
Executive remuneration is considered among most important mechanisms to align interests of managers and company owners. This paper examines the role of company ownership as a determinant of top management compensation. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of ownership origin, domestic or foreign, on top management remuneration practices in a post-transition economy country. The research is based on a survey of top management remuneration practices among 60 medium and large sized Croatian companies. Research results indicate that foreign owned companies provide more annual bonuses, long-term compensation and additional benefits to higher percentages of top managers than domestically owned companies. Companies with domestic owners provide annual bonuses at higher ratios of base pay compared to foreign owned companies and position managerial pay at higher levels relative to comparative firms in the sector with foreign owners. Top managers, investors and firm owners should be aware that in post-transition economies compensation practices greatly differ between domestic and foreign owned companies.
高管薪酬被认为是协调管理者和公司所有者利益的最重要机制之一。本文考察了公司所有权作为高管薪酬决定因素的作用。这项研究的目的是确定所有权来源(国内或国外)对转型后经济国家最高管理层薪酬做法的影响。这项研究基于对克罗地亚60家大中型公司高层管理人员薪酬做法的调查。研究结果表明,与内资公司相比,外资公司为较高比例的高层管理人员提供更多的年度奖金、长期薪酬和额外福利。与外资控股公司相比,内资控股公司提供的年度奖金与基本工资的比例更高,与外资控股公司相比,内资控股公司的管理层薪酬水平也更高。高级管理人员、投资者和公司所有人应该意识到,在转型后的经济中,国内公司和外国公司的薪酬做法有很大不同。
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引用次数: 3
Measuring dimensions of service quality 测量服务质量的维度
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2019-05-17 DOI: 10.5937/straman2001012t
D. Tesic
In the modern business environment, service companies face the challenge of continuous improvement of the quality of services. Retail managers must use an adequate system for evaluating the quality of the services they provide within the retail establishment. One of the tools that managers use is SERVQUAL analysis, which consists of five dimensions in the traditional model. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance and necessity of measuring the dimensions of service quality in retail outlets. The subject of this paper is investigating the attitudes of customers in a retail store in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the perception and expectations of the quality of services provided to them. The results of the study indicate that the gap between performance and expectations of all dimensions is negative, i.e. that none of the performance according to the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model exceeded respondents' expectations.
在现代商业环境中,服务型企业面临着不断提高服务质量的挑战。零售经理必须使用适当的系统来评估他们在零售机构内提供的服务质量。管理人员使用的工具之一是SERVQUAL分析,它在传统模型中由五个维度组成。本文的目的是强调衡量零售网点服务质量维度的重要性和必要性。本文的主题是调查顾客的态度在零售商店在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那,对提供给他们的服务质量的感知和期望。研究结果表明,各维度的绩效与预期之间的差距为负,即SERVQUAL模型各维度的绩效均未超过受访者的预期。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Strategic Management
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