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Consulting during the coronavirus in the light of an empirical survey in Hungary 根据匈牙利的一项实证调查,在冠状病毒期间进行咨询
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2104004s
Zsuzsanna Szeiner,Ádám Kovács,Tibor Zsigmond,József Poór
Relatively little accurate information about management consulting and its market is available to interested readers. Therefore, in this article, we are committed to presenting the most important global trends from various sources, analyzing the main features of the development of the European, Central and Eastern European, as well as the Hungarian consulting markets. Among several other industries, the consulting sector has been affected negatively by the emergence of corona crisis. Consulting, characterized by stable growth and expansion before the pandemic, is estimated to have declined by 17-18 percent in 2020. However, different experts agree that consulting industry will recover faster from the current crisis than before. The pandemic has caused radical changes in the way we work and communicate, and consultants are ready to keep with the flow. One of the key questions of our empirical study in Hungary was the extent to which each consulting organization experienced an economically negative situation, the areas where there was a decrease or an increase, and the extent to which they see new opportunities for the future. Based on the results obtained, we found that the examined organizations were negatively affected by the crisis in terms of sales and services, but a significant part of the organizations also see new opportunities in the current situation for the future.
对于感兴趣的读者来说,有关管理咨询及其市场的准确信息相对较少。因此,在本文中,我们致力于从各种来源呈现最重要的全球趋势,分析欧洲、中欧和东欧以及匈牙利咨询市场发展的主要特征。在其他几个行业中,咨询行业受到了新冠疫情的负面影响。咨询业务在大流行之前以稳定增长和扩张为特点,到2020年估计下降了17- 18%。然而,不同的专家一致认为,咨询行业将比以往更快地从目前的危机中恢复过来。大流行使我们的工作和沟通方式发生了根本变化,顾问们随时准备跟上潮流。我们在匈牙利进行的实证研究的一个关键问题是,每个咨询组织在多大程度上经历了经济上的消极情况,哪些领域出现了减少或增加,以及它们在多大程度上看到了未来的新机会。根据获得的结果,我们发现被调查的组织在销售和服务方面受到危机的负面影响,但很大一部分组织也在当前的情况下看到了未来的新机会。
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引用次数: 0
Models of technological integration development 技术集成发展模式
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2104015m
Alexander Miller,Maxim Miller
Issues of scientific and technological development of the economy, increasing its competitiveness, including various aspects of technological integration, are the subject of foreign and domestic research. At the same time, technological integration is considered as a key direction of the new industrial and scientific-technical policy, as a means of transition to the digital economy, to production processes with higher added value, as a means of establishing a constructive dialogue between industrial enterprises and science. The reason for this is, on the one hand, the relative novelty of this economic phenomenon, and, on the other, the lack of theoretical and methodological tools for modelling the development of technological integration. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of modelling the development of technological integration in the context of priority scientific and technological development of the Russian economy. The article uses a wide range of general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, grouping, typing, modelling, economicstatistical and graphical. The main methodological approaches used in the article are: structural-functional, instrumental and process approaches, which are reflected in the scientific and practical material of the general theory of systems, the theory of organization. The theoretical results of the study are the disclosure of the organizational model for the development of technological integration as a dynamic set of interconnected modules: management and coordination; structure; processes; resources designated to achieve the strategic objectives of technology integration participants. Classification characteristics of technological integration development processes have been identified and theoretically justified. The applied result is a specialized modelling tool based on a combination of a standardized approach and improved design quality with the ability to test simulated processes and the presence of stable feedback with all participants in technological integration. The process model of technological integration development was argued, its decomposition was carried out, which allows distinguishing the main, supporting and regulatory processes of participants in technological integration. The combination of these models facilitates the management of these processes in order to maximize the efficiency of the modern economy. An organizational and economic mechanism for modelling the development of technological integration is proposed, which allows the use of operational monitoring, due to the vector orientation of which it becomes possible to promptly carry out regular adjustments of key parameters of assessing the impact of technological integration on the results of technological development in national economies.
科技发展经济,提高其竞争力的问题,包括各方面的技术整合,是国内外研究的课题。与此同时,技术整合被认为是新工业和科技政策的关键方向,是向数字经济、高附加值生产过程过渡的手段,是在工业企业和科学之间建立建设性对话的手段。其原因一方面是这一经济现象相对新颖,另一方面是缺乏对技术一体化发展进行建模的理论和方法工具。本文的目的是在俄罗斯经济科技优先发展的背景下,研究技术一体化发展的建模问题。本文采用了广泛的一般科学方法:分析与综合、分组、分类、建模、经济统计和图形。本文使用的主要方法论方法是:结构-功能方法、工具方法和过程方法,这些方法反映在系统一般理论、组织理论的科学和实用材料中。研究的理论结果是揭示了技术集成发展的组织模型是一个相互关联的动态模块集:管理和协调;结构;流程;为实现技术整合参与者的战略目标而指定的资源。对技术集成发展过程的分类特征进行了识别,并从理论上进行了论证。应用结果是一个专门的建模工具,基于标准化方法和改进的设计质量的组合,具有测试模拟过程的能力,并与技术集成中的所有参与者一起提供稳定的反馈。提出了技术集成发展的过程模型,并对其进行了分解,从而区分了技术集成参与者的主要过程、支持过程和调节过程。这些模式的结合有利于这些过程的管理,以最大限度地提高现代经济的效率。提出了一种技术一体化发展建模的组织和经济机制,这种机制允许使用业务监测,由于矢量方向,可以迅速定期调整评估技术一体化对国民经济中技术发展结果的影响的关键参数。
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引用次数: 0
Determining the KPIs of the German engineering industry based on the evaluation of contemporary business models 基于对当代商业模式的评价,确定德国工程工业的kpi
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2103003k
K. Kostin, Kristina Steinbiß, Oliver Petrinovic
This study determines the correlation between industry-specific success patterns of the German engineering industry and the business models applied within. In order to identify this correlation, the following objectives are addressed within the framework of this paper: (1) identification and description of business models used by the German engineering industry; (2) analysis of industry-specific success patterns of the German engineering industry by the usage of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs); and (3) determination of correlation between the KPIs and the effectiveness of the business models of the German engineering industry These objectives are mainly achieved by literature research and expert surveys. The findings highlight the KPIs (overall 41) that are relevant for the respective business models. This enables a better understanding of the interrelationships of the business model, in order to derive relevant conclusions. The paper contributes to the literature as it advances this field of research in Germany, and it is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between business models and industry-specific success patterns with relevant KPIs.
本研究确定了德国工程行业特定的成功模式与内部应用的商业模式之间的相关性。为了确定这种相关性,在本文的框架内解决了以下目标:(1)识别和描述德国工程行业使用的商业模式;(2)运用关键绩效指标(kpi)分析德国工程行业特定行业的成功模式;(3)确定kpi与德国工程行业商业模式有效性之间的相关性。这些目标主要通过文献研究和专家调查来实现。调查结果突出了与各自业务模型相关的kpi(总体41)。这样可以更好地理解业务模型之间的相互关系,从而得出相关的结论。这篇论文对文献的贡献在于它推动了德国这一研究领域的发展,并且它是第一批研究商业模式和具有相关kpi的行业特定成功模式之间关系的研究之一。
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引用次数: 3
Internationalization and globalization: Concept, interpretation and communication 国际化与全球化:概念、解释与交流
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2103037h
T. Hámori
Today, globalization has completely determined our everyday life. However, due to COVID-19 virus pandemic, it has received unprecedented attention. There is a lively debate about whether it is useful, whether it is needed, and where it is headed. The situation is further complicated by the subordination of economic interests to populist politics. To understand today's globalization and its future, we need to examine its formation and development. It is important to understand what effects have influenced and what its influence was throughout history, whether positive or negative. After interpreting the past, we examine research and assumptions about the present and the future.
今天,全球化已经完全决定了我们的日常生活。然而,由于新冠肺炎大流行,它受到了前所未有的关注。关于它是否有用、是否需要以及它的发展方向,人们展开了激烈的辩论。经济利益从属于民粹主义政治,使形势进一步复杂化。要理解今天的全球化及其未来,我们需要考察全球化的形成和发展。重要的是要了解哪些影响产生了影响,以及它在历史上的影响是积极的还是消极的。在解释了过去之后,我们检查了关于现在和未来的研究和假设。
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引用次数: 2
Does capital structure affect the differences in the financial performance of small enterprises? 资本结构是否影响小企业财务绩效的差异?
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2103072s
Aleksandra Stoiljković, S. Tomić, O. Uzelac
Capital structure refers to the combination of debt and equity that the company uses to finance overall operations and growth. One of the most common problems of small enterprises is difficult access to various sources of financing, which is certainly reflected in their capital structure. Deciding on capital structure is one of the most important activities in the company, given that it significantly determines the performance of the company, but also the competitiveness and sustainability of the business. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a significant difference in financial performance between enterprises belonging to different leverage levels. Financial leverage was calculated by dividing total debts to total assets and based on leverage the companies are divided into 3 groups. Using ANOVA analysis, we found that the only difference in financial performance indicators was observed with NPM (but with a small effect size: eta square = 0.0470), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the ROE and ROA indicators.
资本结构是指公司用来为整体运营和增长提供资金的债务和股权的组合。小企业最常见的问题之一是难以获得各种融资来源,这当然反映在它们的资本结构上。决定资本结构是公司最重要的活动之一,因为它在很大程度上决定了公司的业绩,也决定了业务的竞争力和可持续性。本研究的目的是探讨不同杠杆水平的企业在财务绩效上是否存在显著差异。财务杠杆是通过将总负债除以总资产来计算的,并根据杠杆将公司分为三组。通过方差分析,我们发现只有NPM在财务绩效指标上存在差异(但效应大小较小:eta平方= 0.0470),而在ROE和ROA指标上,两组之间没有统计学显著差异。
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引用次数: 3
Application of modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the era of digital transformation 现代企业资源规划(ERP)系统在数字化转型时代的应用
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2104028i
Teodora Ivanović, Mirjana Marić
Modern digital technologies - acronym SMACIT (Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud, and Internet of Things [IoT]) - are the generator of digital business transformation today. Companies that have done their business in the same way for years can not, without adequate transformation, respond to the fresh challenges induced by modern digital technologies. The authors described the concept and content of digital business transformation and the impact of modern digital technologies on ERP systems. The paper conducts empirical research using the survey method. We conducted a survey on a sample of 25 small companies in Serbia. The results of the empirical research show modern ERP systems in small companies in Serbia, and the main drivers and barriers for their application.
现代数字技术-首字母缩略词SMACIT(社交,移动,分析,云和物联网[IoT]) -是当今数字化业务转型的生成器。多年来一直以同样的方式经营业务的公司,如果没有充分的转型,就无法应对现代数字技术带来的新挑战。作者描述了数字化业务转型的概念和内容,以及现代数字技术对ERP系统的影响。本文采用调查法进行实证研究。我们对塞尔维亚的25家小公司进行了抽样调查。实证研究的结果表明,现代ERP系统在塞尔维亚的小公司,其应用的主要驱动因素和障碍。
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引用次数: 3
Expected effects of the revised exposure to banks Basel credit risk weighted assets standard 修订后的银行巴塞尔信贷风险加权资产标准的预期影响
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2103049m
N. Milojević, S. Redžepagić
In 2017 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) published additional Basel III reforms for the calculation of the risk-weighted assets (RWA) as part of the capital adequacy calculation. The 2017 reforms should resolve shortcomings in the capital adequacy calculation from the pre-crisis period. Revised standardised approach for the credit risk should be valid as of January 2023. The new reforms are bringing numerous improvements particularly interesting for the bank strategic management. One of the especially important improvements of the 2017 Basel III RWA reforms is the new treatment of the exposures to banks. For the treatment of externally unrated exposure to banks, financial institutions can use Standardised Credit Risk Assessment Approach (SCRA). This topic is the most interesting and important for the banking sectors structured mostly with the externally unrated banks. This is more characteristic of the developing, transition economies than the developed economies. However, SCRA will also be very important for the developed economies' banking sectors and banks whose portfolios are dominated by externally rated bank exposures, but in the same time they have significant amount of the exposure to banks without external rating. This paper's focus is related to the expected effects of the implementation of SCRA on the unrated banks' exposure. The aim of the paper is to define those effects. The paper is analysing how worldwide implementation of SCRA will establish a more detailed RWA approach with enhanced risk sensitivity. The research has shown that externally unrated banks with strong and stable capital adequacy and other related parameters can have positive expectations from the implementation of SCRA.
2017年,巴塞尔银行监管委员会(BCBS)公布了额外的巴塞尔协议III改革,将风险加权资产(RWA)的计算作为资本充足率计算的一部分。2017年的改革应能解决危机前资本充足率计算中的缺陷。修订后的信用风险标准化方法自2023年1月起生效。新的改革为银行的战略管理带来了许多特别有趣的改进。2017年巴塞尔协议III RWA改革的一个特别重要的改进是对银行风险敞口的新处理。对于外部未评级的银行敞口,金融机构可以使用标准化信用风险评估方法(SCRA)。对于主要由外部未评级银行构成的银行业来说,这个话题是最有趣和最重要的。这是发展中国家和转型经济体比发达经济体更具有的特点。然而,SCRA对于发达经济体的银行业和银行也非常重要,这些银行的投资组合主要是外部评级的银行风险敞口,但与此同时,它们对没有外部评级的银行有大量风险敞口。本文的研究重点是关于实施SCRA对未评级银行风险敞口的预期影响。本文的目的是定义这些影响。本文正在分析SCRA在全球范围内的实施将如何建立一个更详细的RWA方法,提高风险敏感性。研究表明,资本充足率和其他相关参数强劲稳定的外部未评级银行可以对SCRA的实施产生积极的期望。
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引用次数: 2
Consumer behavior related to buying wines on the retail market in the City of Niš 尼日斯市零售市场中与购买葡萄酒相关的消费者行为
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2104065s
Z. Simonović, N. Ćurčić
The subject matter of the paper is research in consumer behavior in connection with the purchase of wines of both domestic and foreign brands on the market of the City of Niš. The paper is structured so as to perceive the issue from several aspects. In the first place, our wish was to determine whether the respondents are regular wine consumers, and which sorts of wine they consume, and how many of them are not wine regular consumers. An effort was made to determine consumer habits via survey research. The examination method that implied personal examination using a questionnaire was applied. The suitable sample included 230 respondents from the territory of the City of Niš. The research was conducted in November 2019. While processing the data, it was noticed that a larger number of the respondents were regular wine consumers, namely consuming specific brands. The respondents mainly preferred domestic producers' wines. The results obtained can be observed at the level of the strategic marketing of the offering companies. The research study provides an insight in connection with the different aspects of the consumer behavior of those who consume wine, both at the general level and in connection with the choice of brands.
本文的主题是研究消费者的行为与购买葡萄酒的国内和国外品牌的市场上的尼日什市。本文的结构是为了从几个方面来看待这个问题。首先,我们的愿望是确定受访者是否是经常消费葡萄酒的人,他们消费的是哪种葡萄酒,他们中有多少不是经常消费葡萄酒的人。努力通过调查研究来确定消费者的习惯。采用问卷暗含亲自检查的检查方法。合适的样本包括来自尼什市境内的230名答复者。该研究于2019年11月进行。在处理数据的过程中,我们注意到更多的受访者是普通的葡萄酒消费者,即消费特定品牌的葡萄酒。受访者主要偏爱国产葡萄酒。所得结果可以在上市公司的战略营销层面观察到。该研究提供了一个洞察连接到消费者的行为的不同方面的那些谁消费葡萄酒,无论是在一般水平和与品牌的选择。
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引用次数: 1
Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour of employees in companies in the Republic of Serbia 塞尔维亚共和国企业员工的工作满意度与组织公民行为
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/straman2103061d
B. Đorđević, Maja Ivanović-Đukić, V. Lepojević, S. Milanović
Organizational citizenship behaviour is a form of employees' behaviour where employees go beyond their formal duties required by job description. Despite the fact that this form of behaviour is not recognized or accepted by the reward system, employees are ready to put in an extra effort in order to achieve organizational goals. However, the readiness of employees to manifest this form of behaviour is not completely unconditional. Numerous empirical studies suggest that such behaviour can be encouraged by employees' job satisfaction, fulfilment of their psychological contract, perception of a high level of organizational justice in the company, support provided to them, etc. Having in mind the importance of this form of employees' behaviour, precisely from the point of view of employers, as well as the factors that influence it, this paper examines the impact of employees' job satisfaction on the level of their organizational citizenship behaviour on the example of the companies in Serbia. The paper starts with three hypotheses. The first and second hypotheses are that employees in companies in Serbia are satisfied with their jobs and that they demonstrate organizational citizenship behaviour. These assumptions were tested using the t-test. The third hypothesis is that employees' satisfaction with their job has a positive effect on their organizational citizenship behaviour. In order to test this hypothesis, methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. The analysis is based on data obtained by primary research realized during 2019. In the research, 244 employees participated. The research showed that there is a positive relationship between respondents' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour, as well as the positive impact of job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behaviour of employees. This paper's contribution is twofold. First, it provides empirical data regarding the job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour of employees in companies in Serbia. Second, it adds to the existing literature from this field by proposing strategies for increasing the employees' job satisfaction, which will lead to increasing the employees' willingness to manifest organizational citizenship behaviour.
组织公民行为是员工超越工作职责要求的正式职责的行为形式。尽管事实上,这种形式的行为不被奖励系统认可或接受,但员工愿意付出额外的努力来实现组织的目标。然而,雇员表现出这种行为形式的意愿并不是完全无条件的。大量实证研究表明,员工的工作满意度、心理契约的履行、对公司组织公正的高度感知、对他们的支持等因素都可以鼓励这种行为。考虑到这种形式的员工行为的重要性,正是从雇主的角度出发,以及影响它的因素,本文以塞尔维亚公司为例,研究了员工的工作满意度对其组织公民行为水平的影响。本文从三个假设开始。第一个和第二个假设是,塞尔维亚公司的员工对他们的工作感到满意,他们表现出组织公民行为。使用t检验对这些假设进行了检验。第三个假设是员工对工作的满意度对其组织公民行为有正向影响。为了验证这一假设,我们采用了相关分析和多元回归分析的方法。该分析基于2019年实现的初步研究获得的数据。在这项研究中,共有244名员工参与。研究表明,被调查者的工作满意度与组织公民行为之间存在正相关关系,工作满意度对员工的组织公民行为也有正向影响。本文的贡献是双重的。首先,本文提供了塞尔维亚公司员工工作满意度和组织公民行为的实证数据。其次,对已有文献进行补充,提出提高员工工作满意度的策略,从而提高员工表现组织公民行为的意愿。
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引用次数: 6
Evaluating the effectiveness of employment assistance measures: Case of Russian state employment centers 评估就业援助措施的有效性:以俄罗斯国家就业中心为例
IF 2.4 Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.5937/STRAMAN2004044S
T. Stuken, O. Korzhova
Russia is currently implementing the national project "Labor productivity and employment support", which is a set of measures aimed at developing employment infrastructure and introducing organizational and technological innovations to support employment, including standard solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of state employment centers. This project defines the strategic directions of state regulation of the Russian labor market. This article deals with the issues of the population's demand for the services of employment centers, including not only registering as unemployed but also receiving public services to assist in finding a suitable job, vocational training, psychological support, etc. The study is based on the Russian labor force survey and microdata of employment centers for 2019 (more than 24,000 observations). Based on the data from the labor force survey, conclusions are drawn about the demand for the state employment centers' services among various groups of the population and about typical combinations of applying to the employment service with other job search channels. The analysis of regional microdata made it possible to evaluate the performance of employment centers based on information about the socio-demographic characteristics of the unemployed, the duration of the unemployment status, the fact of receiving benefits, the services received and the reasons for de-registration. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are made about the ways to improve the work of the state employment centers.
俄罗斯目前正在实施“劳动生产率和就业支持”国家项目,这是一套旨在发展就业基础设施和引入组织和技术创新以支持就业的措施,包括旨在提高国家就业中心效率的标准解决方案。该项目确定了俄罗斯劳动力市场国家调控的战略方向。本文讨论了人口对就业中心服务的需求问题,不仅包括失业登记,还包括接受公共服务,以帮助他们找到合适的工作、职业培训、心理支持等。该研究基于2019年俄罗斯劳动力调查和就业中心的微观数据(超过24,000次观察)。根据劳动力调查数据,得出了不同人群对国家就业中心服务的需求情况,以及就业服务与其他求职渠道的典型结合情况。对区域微观数据的分析使人们能够根据失业者的社会人口特征、失业状态的持续时间、领取福利的事实、所接受的服务和取消登记的原因等资料来评价就业中心的业绩。在分析的基础上,提出了改进国家就业中心工作的途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Strategic Management
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